Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between anthropometric measurements and modified mallampati test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"S. Cuglan, E. Köse, Talat Kýlýc, M. Ögetürk, D. Şenol, Davut Özbað, C. Colak, H. Sapmaz","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_44_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_44_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The modified Mallampati test (MMT) is one of the most common examination methods to predict possible intubation problems. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between anthropometric measurements and the MMT in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during the exacerbation period (COPD-E) and stable period (COPD-S). Materials and Methods: The present study included two groups of participants that consisted of 107 healthy individuals in the control group and 107 patients who were diagnosed with COPD (patient group). Two measurements were taken from the patients during the exacerbation and stable periods. The MMT, body mass index (BMI), face height, thyromental distance, and sternomental distance were measured and recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: Data collected were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0. Results: In the COPD-E period, the MMT score increased, whereas the face height value decreased (P = 0.030). During the COPD-S period, it was found that the higher BMI values were related to higher MMT scores (P = 0.025). The MMT score increased significantly during the COPD-S period, whereas the thyromental distance values decreased (P = 0.034). Conclusion: It is considered that the low face height value in the COPD-E period, the increase in the BMI, and the decrease in the thyromental distance in the COPD-S period could increase the difficult intubation possibility. The results of the present study which may lead to progression in the COPD database would contribute to the clinicians.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"39 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91378875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of pediatric cases managed during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria","authors":"M. Garba, A. Mohammed, A. Mohammed, S. Musa, H. Rufai","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_26_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_26_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Over 161 million cases of COVID-19 have so far been confirmed globally with over 3.3 million deaths. An understanding of the local epidemiological characteristics in the pediatric population is necessary to enable proper planning of mitigation strategies. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Setting and Design: We conducted a retrospective study on cases of COVID-19 diagnosed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal samples and oropharyngeal swabs managed during the first wave of the pandemic at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital. The severity of illness was graded based on clinical features as classified by the World Health Organization. Statistical Analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Version 23 (California, USA). Results: Forty-six children met the above criteria. The median age was 7 yrs (IQR = 3.75-12). There were more females than males with Covid-19 infection (M:F = 1:1.55). A third (32.6%) of children were asymptomatic while half (50%) had only mild symptoms. Although school-aged children aged 6-11 years were the most infected (30.4%), more severe disease was seen in infants (25%) and those with co-morbidities. Nasal discharge, cough, and fever were the most common presentation occurring in 34.8%, 32.6%, and 26.1%, respectively. The case fatality rate was 6.5%, all occurring amongst those with comorbidities. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection in children is largely mild or asymptomatic. Symptoms when present are indistinguishable from symptoms of other common viruses causing upper respiratory tract infections. Severe disease and mortality were observed among infants and children with co-morbidities.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"29 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78651835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross testicular ectopia: A report of 4 cases","authors":"Lawal B. Abdullahi, M. Mohammad, L. Anyanwu","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_35_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_35_20","url":null,"abstract":"Cross testicular ectopia is an extremely rare congenital anomaly affecting male children. It is a deviation of testicular descent resulting in unilateral location of both testes which poses a problem in diagnosis and treatment among clinician in the world. Over a period of 4years 4 cases of testicular ectopia were managed by our unit. All of our patients presented as outpatient. The record of their presentation, surgical management and the outcome of the treatment were studied and documented. The age ranges between 2 to 6years. All of the patients had trans septal orchidopexy as a day case surgery. Cross testicular ectopia is rare congenital urologic condition but the outcome of its management seem to be good, however long term follow up is required to evaluate the testicular function.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"87 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77527300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diphtheria outbreak during Covid-19 pandemic in Katsina, North-Western Nigeria: Epidemiological characteristics and predictors of death","authors":"Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, Ibrahim Lawal, Bashir Mohammed, Suleiman Abdullahi, S. Bello, Amudalat Issa, A. Sanda, B. Suleiman, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_35_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_35_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on vaccine-preventable diseases, including diphtheria, may hamper the previous gains made in the eradication of the disease. Aims: We report the epidemiological profile, clinical features, laboratory findings, and hospitalization outcomes amongst cases of diphtheria managed at Federal Medical Centre, Katsina, Nigeria during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective review of cases of diphtheria managed between July and December 2020. Methods and Material: We extracted the clinical (socio-demographics, clinical features, and hospitalization outcomes) and laboratory findings (full blood counts, electrolytes, urea and creatinine) from the record of the children. Statistical Analysis Used: Using SPSS, we carried out a descriptive analysis and applied binary logistic regression to determine factors associated with death. Level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 35 cases of diphtheria were admitted and managed from 1 July to 31 December 2020. The mean age of the children was 7.6 ± 3.1 years. Males were 15 (42.9%). There were 24 deaths (case fatality of 68.6%). Clinical findings were comparable between survivors and non-survivors except the bull neck, which was more common among non-survivors (P = 0.022). The median duration of hospitalization was shorter in those that died (P = 0.001). The age, sex, immunization status, leukocytosis, and biochemical features of renal impairments were not predictive of deaths. Prescence of bull neck was predictive of death (adjusted odds ratio 2.115, 95% CI 1.270, 3.521). Conclusions: The study shows a high number of cases of diphtheria over a short period of six months with high mortality. Amongst the clinical and laboratory variables, only presence of bull neck was predictive of death.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"59 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89513721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic evaluation of renal volume and its correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate among hypertensive kidney disease patients in Kano, Nigeria","authors":"S. Alhassan, K. Isyaku, A. Dambatta","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_53_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_53_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is one of the various indicators used to assess the degree of chronic kidney disease and it is considered the best marker for the estimation of renal function. Ultrasonography has become the standard imaging modality in the investigation of renal diseases due to its noninvasive nature and availability. Aims: This study was aimed at sonographically evaluating renal volume and correlating it with estimated GFR among hypertensive kidney disease patients in Kano, Nigeria. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among adults with hypertensive kidney disease at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria from September 2019 to March 2020. A convenient sampling method was employed and included 242 adults with hypertensive kidney disease in a hypertensive group and 242 normotensive participants in a control group. Materials and Methods: Renal dimensions were measured sonographically. The eGFR of each participant was estimated and recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using SPSS Inc, USA version 22. The preset P value was 0.05. Results: The renal volumes in the hypertensive group were 91.5 ± 29.3 cm3 and 103.2 ± 39.6 cm3 for right and left kidneys, respectively, while those of normotensive group were 131.43 ± 34.89 cm3 and 168.49 ± 45.83 cm3 for right and left kidneys, respectively. In the hypertensive group, moderate positive correlations were observed between left kidney volumes and eGFR (r = 0.4; P = 0.001). However, a weak positive correlation was observed between the right kidney volumes and eGFR (r = 0.3; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Renal volume was higher in the control group than in the hypertensive group. There was a moderate positive correlation between the left kidney and eGFR; however, a weak positive correlation was obtained between the right kidney and eGFR.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"71 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75062015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of diet supplementation: The rationale, concerns and guiding principles in modern healthcare","authors":"Ab Adelowo","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a massive surge in the intake of dietary supplements in recent years, with millions of people taking the “magic pills” worldwide, either with the hope of achieving general well-being, treat specific disease, or retard the aging process. Supplementing the diet with multivitamins and minerals (MVMs) has revolutionized modern healthcare, with many “experts” claiming such drugs have a critical role to play in the prevention and treatment of many health conditions. Many are of the opinion that since dietary supplements are mere extracts from certain foods and herbs, so unlike drugs, have no significant side effects, are “all natural,” and are therefore “safe” for a non-medical prescription. The association of the deficiency of some MVMs, such as vitamins C, D, and Zinc, with the increased incidence and progression of COVID-19, has also strengthened the argument in favor of routine diet supplementation. The objectives of this article are to investigate the health and therapeutic claims attributed to some dietary supplements, their safety concerns, and their possible role in modern healthcare. A review of related online free-full articles written in the English language published from 2000 to 2021 was done. While the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some dietary supplements are clearly understood and established, others are still shrouded in serious confusions and safety concerns, especially for long-term use. Until more evidence is available, routine intake of dietary supplements should be discouraged, except there are clear medical indications. Rather, all people should ensure they get their required nutrients from whole foods.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80497508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gynatresia with cryptomenorrhea following cesarean section after failed vacuum extraction: Case report in a 26-year-old woman","authors":"J. Adze, S. Bature, A. Durosinlorun, Mohammed Caleb, M. Taingson, Suleman O Moroof","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_15_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_15_21","url":null,"abstract":"Acquired Gynaetresia is underreported in developing countries and is usually due to harmful cultural practices. It may result from obstructed labor or labor trauma. This is a rare case report of a 26-year-old P1 + 0 who presented with no penetration during coitus and history of amenorrhea about 1 year and 7 months after cesarean delivery. Failed attempts at vacuum extraction were made before surgery. She was investigated and a diagnosis of Gynaetresia with cryptomenorrhea was confirmed. She had vaginoplasty and menstrual and sexual functions were established. Postpartum genital examination should be ensured, no matter the mode of delivery to ensure Gynaetresia is diagnosed early and managed promptly.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"84 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82547502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Success rate of endotracheal intubation: A comparison of direct laryngoscopy and intubating laryngeal mask airway","authors":"Usman Nasir, Salahu Dalhat, M. Atiku, A. Mustapha, Adesope Saheed, Ahmad Adam, A. Mohammad, Ahmed Ado","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_70_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_70_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Direct laryngoscopy (DL) remains the most popular method of endotracheal intubation despite the availability of easier methods like intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA)—a blind intubation aid with a high success rate of intubation even when employed by novices. Aim: This study compared the overall success rate of intubation using ILMA and DL during elective surgeries requiring intubation. Study Design: This was a comparative randomized study. Patients and Methods: Following the institutional ethical approval, 86 American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status (ASA) I and II patients were randomized into DL and ILMA groups. Each received intravenous fentanyl 2 μg/kg, glycopyrrolate 4 μg/kg, intravenous propofol 3 mg/kg, suxamethonium 2 mg/kg to a maximum of 100 mg. Intubation was with DL in the first group and ILMA in the second group. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and muscle relaxation with atracurium. The overall success rate, the success rate at the first attempt of intubation, time for intubation, and airway complications were assessed. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The quantitative variables were analyzed using the Student's t-test and qualitative using the Chi-square test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The success at insertion was 100% in the DL group and 95.3% with ILMA at the first attempt (P = 0.15). The success rate of intubation at the first attempt was 100 and 79.1% in the DL and ILMA groups, respectively. The mean time for intubation was 19.93 ± 6.17 and 46.54 ± 11.63 s in DL and ILMA, respectively (P = 0.001). Six patients (14%) had airway complications in the ILMA group. Conclusion: The overall success rate of intubation via ILMA is comparable to that of DL. In patients with normal airways, DL remains a comparatively faster and easier technique to secure the airway with tracheal intubation than ILMA.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"34 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75046293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation using point of care testing devices: Pitfalls and opportunities for improvement","authors":"Mark O. Ezegbogu, Clement Ugwoke, Zainab Ibrahim, K. Abdulsalam","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_47_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_47_21","url":null,"abstract":"Since the development of the first Point-of-care Testing device (POCT) in 1962, POCTs have found their way into nearly every facet of laboratory diagnostics due to their rapid turn-around-times, testing convenience, ease of use, and relatively lower costs. This review provides an update on the progress in the development of POCTs for TSH assays while highlighting the challenges of these methods and suggesting ways of overcoming them. To achieve this, a literature search of the appropriate databases (Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Science Direct, and PubMed) was conducted using the keywords: POCT, TSH, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. Relevant articles were identified, duplicates eliminated, then critically analyzed, and discussed in terms of their relevance to the research questions. The different sensitivities of the POCTs reported in the scientific literature are traceable to the peculiarities of the detection technique adopted and the sensitivity of the immune complex recognition, i.e., labelled versus unlabeled immunoassay methods. The main factors limiting the wide acceptance of POCTs are concerns over their clinical usefulness, accuracy, and data (in)security. Routine assessment of the technical competence of POCT operators and regular quality checks of the performance of these devices are critical to maintaining the clinical usefulness of POCTs in TSH measurement. Finally, further research is required to understand the dynamic expectations of clinicians regarding POCT use in diagnosing thyroid dysfunction especially in low- and middle-income countries where data on this subject is lacking.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"8 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90455264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposal of blood-soaked gauze by patients following tooth extraction: Are post-operative instructions adequate?","authors":"B. Fomete, R. Agbara, D. Osunde, K. Omeje, LoveC Nzomiwu, Albert Okeke","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_3_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: With regard to disposal of medical and dental hazardous wastes, proper guidelines have been set in place by the occupational safety and health administration. However, the same cannot be said of patients concerning appropriate disposal of gauze routinely placed to control bleeding from extraction socket and other oral surgery procedures. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the post-extraction instructions given to patients on the disposal of blood-soaked gauze were adequate across Nigeria. Materials and Methods: We conducted a survey through an electronically transmitted self-administered closed anonymous questionnaire adapted from Franklin and Laskin, 2014. This survey was conducted amongst dentists who are involved in exodontia in the dental schools or in the adjoining university teaching hospitals in Nigeria. Results: There were 95 participants who completed the questionnaire out of 120 dental surgeons to whom the questionnaires were sent giving a response rate of about 79.1%. Of the 95 participants, 75 (78.9%) were male and 20 (21.1%) were female giving a male-to-female ratio (M:F) of 3.75:1. About 46 (48.4%) agreed to providing patients with post-operative instruction sheet after extraction or any other oral surgical procedure whereas 47.4% do not provide. Amongst those who gave instruction, the majority (23.2%) asked the patients to dispose of it in the bin followed by 4.2% who just asked the patients to dispose of it. Conclusion: This study has shown that majority of the dentists in Nigeria do not provide adequate information regarding disposal of gauze placed in the mouth postoperatively, and this may potentially pose a risk to transmission of deadly blood-borne infection with the attendant negative health effect.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"91 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75251445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}