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Social Mobility in Developing Countries最新文献

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Social Mobility and Human Capital in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 低收入和中等收入国家的社会流动性和人力资本
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0013
J. Behrman
{"title":"Social Mobility and Human Capital in Low- and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"J. Behrman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Parental human capital and endowments may affect children’s human capital, which in turn may affect children’s income and thus social mobility. This chapter focuses on what we know about these links in low- and middle-income countries. It starts with definitions of human capital and endowments and simple frameworks for guiding summaries of what we know and do not know about these links. It discusses determinants of children’s human capital in the form of cognitive skills, socioemotional skills and health, which pertain directly to some indicators of social mobility; reviews estimates of impacts of these forms of human capital, which pertain to some other indicators of social mobility, such as income; and concludes with a summary suggesting some positive impacts of parental human capital and endowments on social mobility in low- and middle-income countries, policy implications, and gaps in the literature pertaining to both data and methodology.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121880167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The State of Knowledge about Social Mobility in the Developing World 关于发展中国家社会流动的知识状况
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0001
V. Iversen, A. Krishna, K. Sen
{"title":"The State of Knowledge about Social Mobility in the Developing World","authors":"V. Iversen, A. Krishna, K. Sen","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter provides an analytical overview of this volume. Firstly, it provides a rationale for the book. Secondly, it assesses where we stand in terms of the state of current knowledge on the subject, expanding on what we know about three key concerns—concepts, methods, and determinative factors. We argue while social mobility in advanced economies has received extensive scholarly attention, crucial knowledge gaps remain about the patterns and determinants of income, educational, and occupational mobility in developing countries. Thirdly, it examines the inter-relationships among inequality, poverty reduction, intergenerational mobility, and economic growth, discussing the relationship between inequality and social mobility, between economic growth and social mobility, and between poverty reduction and social mobility in turn. Finally, the chapter discusses the contributions of each chapter in the book volume.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132682157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Social Mobility in Developing Countries 发展中国家的社会流动性
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.001.0001
V. Iversen, A. Krishna, K. Sen
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引用次数: 2
Informalities, Volatility, and Precarious Social Mobility in Urban Slums 城市贫民窟中的非正式性、波动性和不稳定的社会流动性
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0014
E. Rains, A. Krishna
{"title":"Informalities, Volatility, and Precarious Social Mobility in Urban Slums","authors":"E. Rains, A. Krishna","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"As developing countries rapidly urbanize, the number of people living in ‘slums’—neighbourhoods lacking formal property rights and basic services—continues to increase. Whether slum residents will ultimately share in the benefits of the cities they help build or will remain trapped in poverty is not well understood. We review empirical evidence on the potential for social mobility in today’s urban slums in order to assess prospects for upward mobility in cities of the Global South, finding evidence for limited levels of upward mobility and high levels of volatility. We then discuss the substantial public sector interventions that accompanied urbanization in the Global North. We argue that urbanization will not automatically improve prospects for mobility for the urban poor. Instead, it will be critical to implement appropriately nuanced interventions to improve opportunities for the billions residing in today’s and tomorrow’s slums.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122173286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gender and Social Mobility 性别与社会流动
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0015
N. Luke
{"title":"Gender and Social Mobility","authors":"N. Luke","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Women have historically been overlooked in research on social mobility. In contrast, new research focuses on the intergenerational transmission of gender attitudes and norms as determinants of women’s labour force participation in industrialized countries. This chapter discusses the measurement of gender attitudes and reviews research findings. Studies reveal that gender attitudes are a key transmission mechanism for intergenerational economic mobility beyond wealth and other economic factors. Mothers’ egalitarian views and less-restrictive gender norms promote greater labour force participation for daughters and daughters-in-law. There are few investigations in the Global South, where restrictive gender attitudes and norms are more pervasive and could potentially have greater impact in shaping women’s labour force participation. The chapter concludes with a brief case study of women’s labour force participation in India, where the direct link between gender attitudes and women’s labour market engagement could provide a further explanation for its recent decline.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116999843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Economic Approach to Intergenerational Mobility 代际流动的经济学方法
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0009
M. Emran, Forhad Shilpi
{"title":"Economic Approach to Intergenerational Mobility","authors":"M. Emran, Forhad Shilpi","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an analytical survey and synthesis of economic literature on intergenerational mobility in developing countries, with a focus on data and methodological challenges. Sample truncation from co-residency and measurement error cause substantial downward bias in intergenerational regression coefficient, whereas intergenerational correlation and intergenerational rank correlation are more robust to such data limitations. To understand heterogeneity, reliable estimates of both the intercept and the slope are necessary. The OLS estimate of the intercept is biased upward, but less so in the rank–rank regression. Sibling correlation is a broader measure of mobility, especially convenient with limited data. Estimating intergenerational causal effects is challenging as it requires long panel data. A promising alternative is to focus on the causal effects of policies on measurement of relative and absolute mobility, without disentangling the role of genetic inheritance.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126833349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Social Networks as Levers of Mobility 社交网络是移动的杠杆
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0017
A. Mani, E. Riley
{"title":"Social Networks as Levers of Mobility","authors":"A. Mani, E. Riley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the literature on pathways through which social networks may influence social mobility in developing countries. We find that social networks support members in tangible ways—via access to opportunities for migration, credit, trading relationships, information on jobs, and new technologies—as well as in intangible ways, such as shaping their beliefs, hopes, and aspirations, through role models and peers. Nevertheless, networks can disadvantage non-members, typically the poor and marginalized. Recent evidence suggests a range of policy tools that could help mitigate disadvantages faced by excluded groups: temporary incentives to encourage experimentation into new regions, occupations, or technologies, and role models—real and virtual—to mitigate psychosocial challenges faced by marginalized groups. Targeting large fractions of marginalized groups simultaneously could increase the effectiveness of such policies by leveraging the influence of existing social networks.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130985786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Social Mobility and Horizontal Inequality 社会流动性和横向不平等
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0016
Patricia Funjika, Rachel M. Gisselquist
{"title":"Social Mobility and Horizontal Inequality","authors":"Patricia Funjika, Rachel M. Gisselquist","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Research on social mobility has paid considerable attention to links with inequality. The vast majority of this work, however, has focused on ‘vertical’ inequality between individuals or households, rather than ‘horizontal’ inequality between groups in society. This chapter speaks to the latter, with focus on the persistence over time of horizontal inequalities between ethnic and culturally defined groups. Not only is such persistence due to low intergenerational mobility overall, we argue, it also is due to lower mobility for disadvantaged as compared with advantaged groups in many societies. Group-based discrimination, among other factors, contributes. We posit further that the relationship between low mobility and persistent horizontal inequality is a comparatively larger problem for Global South as compared to Global North countries, because they are, on average, contexts with lower intergenerational mobility, higher horizontal inequality, and weaker state capability and the rule of law.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114393754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking Occupational Mobility in Developing Countries 重新思考发展中国家的职业流动
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0008
Anthony F. Heath, Yizhang Zhao
{"title":"Rethinking Occupational Mobility in Developing Countries","authors":"Anthony F. Heath, Yizhang Zhao","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses current methods for measuring and analysing occupational mobility, and the way in which methods designed for the analysis of industrial countries may need to be modified when applied in other contexts. The chapter discusses particular features of some developing countries, such as their large and complex agricultural and informal sectors, and the problem of ‘equivalence of meaning’, which arises when stratification systems involve rather different institutional arrangements, for example with respect to land tenure. The chapter concludes with a discussion of absolute and relative mobility in Chile, China, Egypt, and India, bringing out both the similarities and the differences between these countries in their absolute and relative rates of mobility and intersectionality with gender.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114877573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Drivers of Mobility in the Global South 全球南方的流动性驱动因素
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0002
Patrizio Piraino
{"title":"Drivers of Mobility in the Global South","authors":"Patrizio Piraino","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896858.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical studies in developing countries tend to find higher levels of socioeconomic persistence across generations compared with those of high-income economies. However, there have been relatively few advances in the identification of the drivers of such higher levels of intergenerational persistence. By focusing on relevant evidence from developing countries and emerging economies, this chapter points to some of the potential drivers of social mobility that are either outside those typically considered in high-income countries or likely to be of greater relevance in the developing world. The chapter builds on the standard model of intergenerational mobility to discuss the appropriateness of some of its assumptions in a developing-country context. It will then advance some suggestions for future theoretical and empirical investigations of social mobility in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":192169,"journal":{"name":"Social Mobility in Developing Countries","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130152038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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