Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica最新文献

{"title":"Formation, characterization of gelatine from the scales of Labeo rohita and its comparison with bovine bone gelatine","authors":"Fozia Bukhari, Syed Ata Ur Rahman Shah, Noor Ul Akbar, Saeed Ahmad Khan, Tauheed Ullah Khan, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak, F. U. Dawar","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1940","url":null,"abstract":"The study isolated gelatin from Labeo rohita scales and characterized it using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting gelatine and commercial bovine bone gelatin were found to have crystalline structures, with both being porous and spherical. L. rohita scales yielded 5.45 % of gelatin. The moisture content varied between 11.12 % and 9.02 % for the gelatin, while the ash content varied between 2.17 % and 2.36 %. The protein content was 82.78 % in the fish scales gelatin, while the commercial bovine bone gelatin had 94.27 %. The fat content of gelatin isolated from scales of L. rohita was 1.21 %, whereas fat in commercial bovine bone gelatin was 1.19 %. The fiber contents of gelatin isolated from fish scales was 0.44 % while fiber content of commercial bovine bone gelatin was 0.65 %. The study confirms the high-quality gelatin-bearing characteristics of fish scales, suggesting that it can be produced for various purposes and potentially increase the economic value of fish. The isolated gelatin from fish by-products could also be a valuable resource.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling unknown transcripts and exons: Insights into durian var. D24 (Durio zibethinus Murr.) fruit development and ripening","authors":"N. Husin","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1523","url":null,"abstract":"Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) plant fruits are popular among Southeast Asians. This study aimed to characterise the gene expression during the growth and development of durian fruit at its young, mature, and ripening stages. We used a high-throughput RNA Sequencing approach to identify and characterise unknown transcripts (UTs) from durian fruit pulp transcriptomes. The categorisation of UTs relied on assessing their coding potential and conducting sequence analysis, followed by thorough manual curation. After mapping, 110 million high-quality reads were analysed for each of the nine samples, revealing that each contains 76,700 to 89,117 distinct transcripts and 561,211 to 646,291 exons. In the present analysis, we emphasised identifying and classifying UTs, disregarding transcripts with accurate annotations. Differential expression analysis identified 280 significant unknown transcripts, presumably involved in various biological functions in durian growth. The top BLASTn comparative analysis results for 183 unknown transcripts (UTs) primarily showed significant homology, ranging from 80 % to 100 %, with transcripts from closely related species within the Malvaceae family, including Bombax ceiba, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, Herrania umbratica, and Theobroma cacao. Functional annotation showed that many upregulated UTs may encode protein-coding genes involved in cellular and metabolic activities, catalytic and electron transfer activities, cellular and anatomical entities, and protein-containing complexes. Out of 97 UTs that do not have a BLASTn hit, 2 of them match GO terms, TCONS 00034019 and TCONS 00058246, corresponding to the InterPro GO Names, namely P: positive regulation of organ growth (GO:0046622) and F: calcium ion binding (GO:0005509). Three open reading frame (ORF) sequences longer than 300 nucleotides were identified as potential protein-coding genes through SMARTBLAST analysis, showing sequence similarities with Retropepsins, pepsin-like aspartate proteases, DUF4492 domain-containing protein, and a hypothetical protein CTI12_AA006750 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the dynamic gene expression patterns during durian fruit development. It highlights the significance of characterising unknown transcripts and their potential roles in biological processes, thus enhancing our understanding of durian genetics.","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational study demonstrated anti-diabetic potencies of Diosgenin and Multiflorenol as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist","authors":"Putra Wira Eka, Sustiprijatno, Arief Hidayatullah, D. Widiastuti, Muhammad Fikri Heikal","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1782","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise on a global basis, making this entity one of the most pressing issues facing public health nowadays. Generally, diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased blood sugar levels caused by insulin secretion or action abnormalities. Natural products have become more popular in treating various types of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, due to their minimal adverse effects. Promoting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) activation is an anti-diabetic strategy due to its biological function for adipocyte storage, mobilization, differentiation, and insulin sensitivity. This study aims to evaluate diosgenin and multiflorenol in silico as anti-diabetic drug candidates by targeting PPARG. Several analyses, such as molecular docking, protein target prediction, biological function prediction, protein-protein interaction, and pharmacokinetics analyses were carried out in this study. Computational prediction showed PPARG have involved in several activities, such as fat cell differentiation, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid transport, and cellular response to fatty acid. The binding affinity score revealed that diosgenin and multiflorenol have a higher value than the control drug. Other characteristics, such as chemical interaction, amino acid residues, and physicochemical properties, demonstrated supportive drug development outcomes. Therefore, based on our findings, we suggested that diosgenin and multiflorenol, both of which target PPARG, would hold promise as potential candidates for an anti-diabetic drug.","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosorption of Zn by dried biomass of Euglena gracilis from aqueous solutions","authors":"Linda Machalová, Tomáš Lempochner, Patrícia Marková, M. Valica, Vanda Adamcová, Lenka Hutárová, Juraj Krajčovič, M. Horník","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1568","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility to utilize the dried biomass of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris as a biosorbent applied for the removal of Zn from aqueous solutions. For these purposes, experiments involving solutions spiked by 65ZnCl2 were carried out under the conditions of batch systems. The prepared biosorbent in the form of dried biomass of E. gracilis (< 300 μm) was characterized in terms of the presence of functional groups (COOH, PO3H2, OH, and NH2), the concentration of binding sites cAn and the value of pHzpc = 6.6 using the modelling program ProtoFit. From the kinetics of Zn biosorption, it can be assumed that the Zn removal was a rapid process, in which the concentration equilibrium [Zn]solution : [Zn]biosorbent was stabilized in the first 5 min of interaction. In individual experiments, the effect of solution pH, initial biosorbent or Zn concentration were evaluated. Based on the MINEQL+ speciation modelling program, we predicted the decrease in the abundance of free Zn2+ cations in the presence of different concentrations of EDTA as a complexing agent in the solution. It was found that the Zn biosorption decreased linearly with the decreasing the proportion of Zn2+ in solution. The biosorption data expressed as equilibrium values of the remaining Zn concentration in solution Ceq (µmol.dm-3) and equilibrium values of specific adsorption Qeq (µmol.g-1; d.w.) were well fitted to the Langmuir model of adsorption isotherm in comparison with the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the dried biomass of E. gracilis for the biosorption of Zn reached the value Qmax = 0.53 ± 0.05 mmol.g-1or 34.7 ± 3.4 mg.g-1 (d.w.), respectively.","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of ethanol extract of Coriolopsis aspera fruiting bodies against adjuvant-induced arthritis mice","authors":"Phuong-Nhung Thi Tran, Ngoc-Thuan Nguyen, Gia-Buu Tran","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1654","url":null,"abstract":"Coriolopsis aspera is a medicinal mushroom that exerts several pharmacological and biological activities. However, the protective effect of the ethanol extract of C. aspera against arthritis has not been studied yet. In this study, we estimated some bioactive compounds in the ethanol extract of C. aspera fruiting bodies and used the extract with a dose of 400 mg.kg-1 body weight or the reference drug Mobic (0.2 mg.kg-1 body weight) to treat an adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Arthritis severity was determined via the changes in the diameters and volumes of hind paws, arthritic scores, total leukocyte count, ESR, biochemical parameters such as CRP and RF, as well as histological features of ankle joints. We found the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids with a high content (37.79 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g DW and 8.56 ± 0.37 mg QE/g DW, respectively) in the extract. Furthermore, the results showed that Freund’s complete adjuvant-treated mice exhibited a severe arthritic score and histological features, an increase in the diameters and volumes of hind paws, along with an elevation of leukocyte count, erythrocyte sediment rate, and biochemical parameters such as rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein compared to normal mice. On the contrary, treatment with ethanol extract at a dose of 400 mg.kg-1 body weight for 28 days exhibited a strong anti-arthritis effect and could improve all the testing parameters at the same efficacy as those of the reference drug (Mobic 0.2 mg.kg-1 body weight). These findings suggest a potential application of the ethanol extract of C. aspera for arthritis treatment.","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of exogenous dithiothreitol and lipoic acid on the content of photosynthetic pigments in oilseed rape Brassica napus L.","authors":"Dominika Dronzenková, Milan Karas, Iwona Żur, Jana Moravčíková","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1869","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the effect of exogenous antioxidants dithiothreitol and lipoic acid on the contents of photosynthetic pigments, including total chlorophyll and carotenoids, in the leaves of regenerated shoots of the oilseed rape cultivars Mirakel, Lagonda and Menthal (Brasisca napus L.). The shoots were obtained from hypocotyl segments cultured for six weeks on in vitro regeneration media supplemented with dithiothreitol and lipoic acid at concentrations of 1 mg.dm-3 and 10 mg.dm-3, respectively. The application of DTT and LA resulted in a significant increase in the content of total chlorophyll and carotenoids, maintaining or increasing the Chl/carotenoids ratio in the cultivars Mirakel and Menthal. Unlike the cultivar Menthal, the frequency of explant regeneration significantly decreased in the cultivar Mirakel, which may be attributed to genotype-specific responses. Mirakel exhibited a higher frequency of regeneration under control conditions compared to Lagonda and Menthal. In the leaves of the cultivar Lagonda regenerated in the presence of DTT, there was a significant reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, along with a decrease in the Chl a/Chl b ratio, suggesting a conversion of Chl b to Chl a and a biphasic effect of DTT.","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungicidal activities of chitosan-stabilized copper nanoparticles on Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phytophthora capsica","authors":"Thi Kim Anh Nguyen, Minh Nhut Ho, Gia-Buu Tran","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1656","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic fungi are the most common causes of economic loss in crop production. Until now, synthetic fungicides are the most effective tools for management in agriculture, but they cause a severe impact on the environment as well as several side effects for human health. The use of synthetic fungicides is prohibited in organic agriculture; however, sulfur and copper fungicides are still permitted in organic farming. In this study, chitosan-stabilized copper chitosan nanoparticles (CS-CuNPs) were synthesized and characterized via UV-Vis analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, fungicidal activities of CS-CuNPs in the range of concentrations (00, 500, and 1000 mg/L) against several plant pathogenic fungi, including Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phytophthora capsici, have been assessed via filamentous fugal growth inhibition. The results indicated that the size of CS-CuNPs ranged from 70 to 74 nm with the plasmon absorption peak at 600 nm, which implied the CS-CuNPs were successfully synthesized. Furthermore, CS-CuNPs effectively inhibited the growth of all three fungi at a concentration 1000 mg/L. Among the three species, Rhizoctonia solani was the most susceptible to CS-CuNPs, with the growth inhibitory effect at 100 mg/L. In conclusion, CS-CuNPs demonstrated a strong potential for the elimination of plant pathogenic fungi and further applications in agriculture. ","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification, antibacterial activity, and production of hydrolytic enzymes by halotolerant bacterium Streptomyces sp. ESM2-25 GTF strain isolated from extreme environment in north-east of Algeria","authors":"Chérifa Alliouch-Kerboua, G. Bourzama, D. Gacemi-Kirane, B. La Scola","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1429","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to establish the taxonomic position of the halotolerant bacterium ESM2-25 GTF strain isolated from the extreme environment of El-Mellah lagoon water, which is situated in the city of El-Kala in the northeast of Algeria and to study its phenotypic characteristics, antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria, and hydrolytic enzymes production. The novel bacterium ESM2-25 GTF strain was isolated from water samples by the dilution agar plating method using the starch-casein medium, screened in vitro for its hydrolytic enzymes production and antibacterial activity. The phenotypic and molecular characteristics show that the strain ESM2-25 GTF belongs to the genus Streptomyces. However, the comparison of the morphological and physiological characteristics of the strain ESM2-25 GTF with those of the nearest species showed significant differences. This strain showed an antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii CIP 106094, Escherichia coli ATCC 29522, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus MRSA ATCC 43300, while it is not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Furthermore, the strain ECM2-25 GTF was able to produce different hydrolytic enzymes such as lipase, protease, amylase, catalase, and gelatinase, which have applications in the field of food and industry. The interesting antibacterial activity of the strain ESM2-25 GTF against pathogenic bacteria and hydrolytic enzymes production indicate the importance of the exploitation of marine actinomycetes for biotechnological applications and the discovery of new antibacterial molecules and could encourage further research on the bioactive molecules secreted by this strain.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42264499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zizyphus lotus and Ruta chalepensis essential oils for combating antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic clinical bacteria and fungi","authors":"Nour El Houda Bekkar, B. Meddah, Bahadır Keskin, P. Sonnet","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1519","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) isolated from Zizyphus lotus (ZL) and Ruta chalepensis (RC) harvested in Oran (north-west Algeria) were assessed against pathogenic clinical bacteria and fungi. The EOs were isolated using the steam distillation process, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using colorimetric methods, and the chemical composition was carried out using GC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The evaluation of the synergistic effect using the combination of Z. lotus (ZLEO) and R. chalepensis essential oils (RCEO) was done using the checkerboard assay. Effective extraction yields were determined for both plants, with an actual amount in RC than ZL. Concentrations of 8.47 ± 0 mg GAE/g DE and 8.56 ± 0.154 mg CE/g DE of total phenols were determined in ZLEO and RCEO, respectively. Thus, a chemotype of Diisooctyl-phthalate (80.343 %) was determined in ZLEO and the 2-Undecanone (13.236 %) in RC. Both plant EOs exhibited important antimicrobial activity against the selected multidrug-resistant human pathogens. The most potent effect was estimated against Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae, and Hafnia alvei with growth inhibition zone diameters of 24.06 ± 0.12, 40.1 ± 0.1 and 40.16 ± 0.15 mm using ZLEO, respectively. Also, essential anti-Candida activity was estimated. ZLEO and RCEO did not exhibit either synergistic or additive effects, with fractional inhibition concentration index values greater than 2. Both plants exhibited significant antimicrobial effects alone, while in combination they did not exhibit a synergistic effect but an antagonistic one. Therefore, ZLEO and RCEO can be developed as natural antimicrobial agents in the medical and food industries to combat antimicrobial resistance","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43773149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dihydroquercetin, 1-aryltetrahydroisoquinoline, and conjugate on the functional condition mitochondrial membrane of the rat liver","authors":"Z. Ernazarov, M. Pozilov, M. Asrarov, Sherzod N. Zhurakulov","doi":"10.34135/nbc.1414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34135/nbc.1414","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000In the current research paper, the flavonoid dihydroquercetin, 1-(2´-bromine-4´,5´-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (F-18) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(1-(2´-bromine-4´, 5´-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2 (1N)-il) methyl-3. The effects of 5,7-trigidroxychroman-4-on (DHQ-11) conjugate on rat liver mitochondrial calcium megachannels and on lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced using Fe2+/citrate were investigated in vitro experiments. White male rats weighing 180-200 grams were used in the experiments. It was found that the DHQ-11 conjugate was identified to have an inhibitory effect on rat liver mitochondria to calcium megachannels and peroxidation of lipids induced by Fe2+/citrate. The inhibitory properties of DHQ-11 conjugate on hepatic mitochondrial calcium megachannels and mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation were identified as active against dihydroquercetin and the F-18 isoquinoline alkaloid.","PeriodicalId":19210,"journal":{"name":"Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42459569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}