Nordic Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"It takes one to know one: prevalence and self-disclosure of mental illness among physicians and psychologists working in psychiatric services in Denmark.","authors":"Ea Hvid Kragelund, Maria Speed, Simon Hjerrild","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2553575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2025.2553575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Limited knowledge exists regarding the prevalence of mental illnesses in physicians and psychologists working in mental health services. In addition, knowledge of the positive or negative impact of lived experience in mental health care professionals is scarce. The study aimed to describe the self-reported prevalence of mental illness amongst psychologists and physicians working in mental health services in Denmark, their perception of impact on their work within mental health services, and their extent of disclosure and treatment-seeking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Invitations to an online survey were distributed <i>via</i> e-mail to head consultants of all mental health services in Denmark (<i>n</i> = 29). The association between respondent characteristics and the lifetime mental illness group was assessed in a multivariate logistic regression analysis, with the lifetime mental illness group as outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 393 physicians and psychologists responded to the survey (response rate 67%). The combined lifetime prevalence of mental illness was 32% (<i>n</i> = 124). The respondents generally believed that lived experience with mental illness enhanced insight into mental illness and increased understanding and empathy towards patients. Auto-stigmatization and fear of disclosure were highly prevalent amongst respondents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest lived experience with mental illness can be seen as a strength with increased patient understanding and empathy emphasizing that lived experience should not be perceived as a professional barrier. However, lived experience can cause negative impacts which highlights that physicians' health programs should address mental health stigma, and professional associations facilitate more openness and support for members with lived experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of people who died by suicide in a hospital district providing open dialogue-based psychiatric services: a nationwide cluster analysis.","authors":"Tomi Bergström, Selma Gaily-Luoma, Mia Kurtti, Jouko Miettunen, Timo Partonen, Jaana Suvisaari, Jyri J Taskila, Antti Alaräisänen","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2548235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2025.2548235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicide rates vary regionally in Finland, with Western Lapland (WL) being a high-risk area. WL is also known for developing the Open Dialogue (OD)-based psychiatric services. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of suicide cases in WL to the rest of Finland to better understand the elevated suicide rate.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Register-based data on all suicides (<i>n</i> = 4502) in Finland from 2017 to 2022 were used for clustering of demographic and clinical characteristics. Principal Component Analysis was applied for dimensionality reduction, followed by K-means clustering. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between WL and the clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WL recorded 66 suicides, with an average annual rate of 18 per 100,000, compared to 13.5 per 100,000 in the rest of Finland. Five clusters were identified from national data: (1) younger men with low service use, (2) individuals with repeated suicide attempts likely dying by self-poisoning, (3) socially integrated men with internalizing disorders, (4) older men with low service use more likely dying by firearm, and (5) individuals treated for severe mental disorders. WL suicides were more likely to belong to Cluster 4 (OR: 2, 95%CI: 1.2-3.3), with no other significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Finnish hospital district providing OD-based psychiatric services had a higher suicide rate among older men using firearms with lower service contact, emphasizing the need for tailored prevention strategies. There was no indication that the region's elevated suicide rate could be explained by a higher rate of suicides in OD service users.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Adult Anxiety Scale in a Swedish community sample.","authors":"Maria Hedqvist, Sofia Vadlin, Cecilia Åslund, Susan H Spence, Cecilia A Essau, Susanne Olofsdotter","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2520219","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2520219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Although anxiety disorders are common worldwide and often associated with significant impairment, many cases remain undetected and thus untreated. A lack of adequate screening partly explains this treatment gap, and easy-to-use screening instruments are needed to capture more than one type of anxiety disorder. The aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of one such promising instrument: the Adult Anxiety Scale, AAS-15, intended to measure social anxiety disorder (social phobia), generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. <b>Materials and methods:</b> The Swedish version of the AAS-15 was evaluated in a community sample (<i>N</i> = 1066, mean age 22.93 years, 64.4% women). <b>Results:</b> The psychometric properties were found to be good. Internal consistency ranged from very good to excellent, and a confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor model consistent with the three anxiety disorder dimensions that it purported to assess. <b>Conclusion:</b> This evaluation of the AAS-15 supports the view of the scale as a useful tool for assessing social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. With strong psychometric properties, quick and easy administration, and coverage of the most common types of anxiety disorders in adults, the AAS-15 is a valuable addition to standardized assessment and anxiety screening in a variety of healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"435-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of misophonia in patients with bipolar disorder: its relationship with autism spectrum symptoms and emotion regulation skills in comparison to a control group.","authors":"Gizem İletmiş, Gozde Bacik Yaman","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2511068","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2511068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of misophonia in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), examine its relationship with autism spectrum symptoms and emotion regulation skills, and compare it with a healthy control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 105 patients diagnosed with BD in remission for at least three months and 105 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls. All participants completed the sociodemographic data form, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Revised Amsterdam Misophonia Scale, Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire, and Autism Spectrum Quotient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Misophonia symptoms were statistically significantly more prevalent in the healthy control group (63.8%) than in the BD group (48.6%) (<i>p</i> = 0.026). Among BD patients with misophonia symptoms, a history of suicide attempts and higher autistic traits were statistically significantly more common (<i>p</i> = 0.026, <i>p</i> = 0.003, respectively). No statistically significant relationship was found between the severity of misophonia and autism traits (<i>r</i> = 0.200; <i>p</i> = 0.159) or emotion regulation skills (<i>r</i> = -0.178; <i>p</i> = 0.210). Multivariate regression analyses identified suicide attempt history and autistic traits as significant predictors of misophonia severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Misophonia symptoms were more prevalent in control group, contrary to our hypothesis. BD patients exhibited pronounced emotion regulation deficits, which worsened with increased autistic traits. Misophonia symptoms were statistically significantly associated with adverse psychiatric outcomes in BD patients. These findings highlight the importance of assessing misophonia, emotion regulation, and autistic traits collectively in clinical settings, and suggest that addressing misophonia symptoms in treatment planning may enhance patient functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"417-426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in erotomanic delusion: a path to belief updating.","authors":"Isabelle Montet, Alessia Longo, Hugo Bottemanne","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2528094","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2528094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Erotomania is a rare delusional disorder marked by the persistent, unfounded belief that another person is in love with the affected individual. While antipsychotic medications may alleviate the intensity of delusions, the core belief often persists, leading to significant emotional distress and potential behavioral risks. The aim of this study was to illustrate the potential therapeutic role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of chronic, treatment-resistant erotomania.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We present a case report of a patient with a lifelong erotomanic delusion, centered on the same individual, which persisted unchanged despite multiple pharmacological treatments. The patient underwent a course of ECT, and clinical observations were documented throughout the treatment process. In addition to symptom monitoring, we explored the cognitive mechanisms potentially involved in the therapeutic response, with particular attention to belief updating and cognitive flexibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECT led to a marked reduction in the patient's conviction regarding the erotomanic delusion, alongside improvements in emotional regulation and daily functioning. These changes appeared to be sustained over time. The treatment was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case suggests that ECT may be a viable option for patients with severe, treatment resistant erotomania. Beyond symptomatic relief, ECT may facilitate the recalibration of maladaptive beliefs by enhancing cognitive flexibility, supporting the view that belief updating mechanisms play a key role in the resolution of persistent delusions. Further studies are needed to systematically evaluate ECT's efficacy in delusional disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"472-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for COVID-19 related health anxiety: a pragmatic study.","authors":"Ditte Hoffmann Frydendal, Katrine Ingeman, Per Klausen Fink, Kaare Bro Wellnitz, Lisbeth Frostholm","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2506560","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2506560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health anxiety (HA) is characterized by excessive worries about having a serious illness, persisting even after medical reassurance. The COVID-19 pandemic, with widespread media coverage and lockdowns, may induce or exacerbate HA. During a pandemic, treatment options can be limited by lockdowns and social distancing, making remote, internet-delivered therapies particularly useful for individuals isolating due to health worries. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an internet-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (iACT) for COVID-19-related HA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a Danish university hospital, an uncontrolled national implementation project was conducted. Patients self-referred were assessed <i>via</i> video, and those eligible (≥18 years) received 12 weeks of iACT. The primary outcome was HA symptoms measured by the Whiteley-6-R Index. Secondary outcomes included somatic symptoms, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and life satisfaction. Changes from baseline to post-treatment were analyzed using paired t-tests and Cohen's d for effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 223 screened patients, 105 were eligible for enrollment, and 67 responded to post-treatment questionnaires. Significant improvements were observed across all outcomes, particularly for HA (<i>d</i> = 1.40) and anxiety (<i>d</i> = 0.80), along with better quality of life (<i>d</i> = 0.65) and life satisfaction (<i>d</i> = 0.64).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementation of self-referral and internet-delivered treatment into routine care was feasible and seemed to be effective in treating COVID-19-related HA. However, for self-referred participants, the poor eligibility and motivation may be a limitation when implementing this online treatment during a pandemic. In addition, collecting data in routine care may be a challenge.</p><p><strong>Trial registry numbers: </strong>Approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (ID no. 790861).</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a modified version of the attitudes about mental illness and its treatment instrument: psychometric assessment and attitudes among adolescents in Sweden.","authors":"Veronica Hermann, Anton Dahlberg, Anna Sarkadi, Lars Hansson, Ann-Christin Karlsson, Natalie Durbeej","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2526555","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2526555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally, many adolescents suffer from mental health problems and related stigma. Assessing mental health stigma among youth is crucial to addressing this problem. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a modified version of the Attitudes About Mental Illness and its Treatment (AAMIT) instrument and to describe attitudes according to the instrument, among Swedish adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,079 adolescents in lower and upper secondary high schools on Gotland, Sweden, responded to the instrument. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and assessment of internal consistency were conducted. The adolescents' views on the instrument were analysed through qualitative content analysis of open-ended comments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis suggested a three-factor model, with seven items in total. The internal consistency of the subscales was found to be acceptable, with alpha values at 0.72-0.80. Mean scores on the subscales indicated a low prevalence of negative attitudes overall. However, 34.7% of the participants agreed with the stereotype that people with mental health problems are unpredictable, and 25.5% agreed that it is difficult to talk to people with such conditions. Negative attitudes were more prevalent among boys and adolescents with a foreign background. Many participants, nonetheless, found it difficult to evaluate the item statements, and a substantial proportion selected the 'don't know' response option.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings indicate a need for inclusive mental health education throughout the general population, youth involvement in attitude assessment design, and further validation of the AAMIT instrument before its application in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"450-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed method study on suicidal behavior among people with bipolar disorder in Rwanda.","authors":"Maja Bendtsen, Nelly Umulisa Rurangwa, Caroline Juhl Arnbjerg, Emmanuel Musoni-Rwililiza, Laura Glahder Lindberg, Kate Andreasson Aamund, Per Kallestrup, Jessica Carlsson","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2511073","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2511073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Three out of four individuals who complete suicide reside in low- and middle-income countries. More than half of them have an underlying mental health disorder. Of all mental health disorders, bipolar disorder has one of the highest occurrences of suicide. This study aims to assess the prevalence and experiences of suicidal behavior among outpatients with bipolar disorder in Rwanda and identify protective factors and potential interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses a mixed methods design with quantitative data on the prevalence of suicidal behavior among people with bipolar disorder and qualitative in-depth interviews employing a phenomenological approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 131 outpatients with bipolar disorder, the prevalence of attempted suicide was 18.3%. Thirteen outpatients participated in qualitative interviews. We found that the mental pain of bipolar disorder triggered suicidal behavior, but that universal themes such as hardship and loneliness were also drivers for suicidal behavior. The stigmatization of both mental health disorders and suicide was found to influence suicidal behavior. Social support, religion, and mental health care services were described as protective factors against suicidal behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of suicidal behavior was found to be remarkably lower than global estimates for people with bipolar disorder. This may be due to the strong communal support from religion and family, contrasting with more individualistic societies. The study highlights the need for the de-stigmatization of suicide and mental health disorders and the necessity of improved access to quality mental health care in Rwanda.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"427-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The psychosocial problem areas, needs and resources in people with coexisting schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes. Design and results of a survey study.","authors":"Sabrina Trappaud Rønne, Mette Juel Rothmann, Rikke Jørgensen, Lene Eide Joensen, Bryan Cleal, Peter Haulund Gæde, Richard Ig Holt, Sidse Marie Arnfred","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2524371","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2524371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the illness and treatment burden, mental well-being, and received support for illness management among people with schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>62 Danish adults recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinics participated in this cross-sectional study using a questionnaire compiled for this specific purpose. The questionnaire included measures of burden of illness and treatment (daily impact of diabetes and schizophrenia, treatment burden, diabetes empowerment), mental well-being (general well-being and diabetes distress), and social relations and support (general and illness-specific support). Descriptive analyses of survey data were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported daily negative impact from living with schizophrenia and diabetes on their physical health, emotional well-being, sleep, and feelings about their future. However, this negative impact was higher from schizophrenia than type 2 diabetes. 55% of all participants reported high treatment burden, and 74% reported low to moderate diabetes empowerment. Approximately 30% reported high levels of diabetes distress, and 49% reported low general well-being. The support for schizophrenia mainly came from mental health professionals, care coordinators, and family and friends, while diabetes support mainly came from general practitioners and family and friends.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Living with coexisting schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes often involves a high burden of illness and treatment, low diabetes empowerment, high diabetes distress and low general well-being. This study highlights a need for engaging mental health professionals, care coordinators, family and friends in the daily management of coexisting schizophrenia and diabetes in future interventional studies and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"441-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of treatment expectations in predicting treatment outcomes: examining clinical and demographic influences.","authors":"Nor Christian Torp, Davið Rma Højgaard, Marianne Aalberg, Katja Anna Hybel, Guðmundur Ágúst Skarphéðinsson, Per Hove Thomsen, Tord Ivarsson, Bernhard Weidle, Judith Nissen, Karin Melin, Sanne Jensen","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2528075","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2025.2528075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between treatment expectancy and treatment compliance with patient demographic and treatment outcome of exposure-based CBT (EB-CBT), as reported by youth with OCD, their parents, and therapists. The secondary aim is to investigate the correlation of these factors with obsessive-compulsive symptoms before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study is a part of the NordLOTS, in which 269 children and adolescents, aged 7-17 years, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD, were treated with a 14-week EB-CBT program. Patients, parents, and therapists rated their expectancy of the treatment, and therapists rated patients' and parents' compliance with treatment. A Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) score ≤15 was defined as treatment response. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher patient-rated treatment expectancy was significantly associated with lower pre-treatment CY-BOCS total score, as well as lower levels of parent-rated externalizing symptoms. Higher therapist-rated treatment expectancy was significantly associated with lower levels of parent-rated externalizing symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children and adolescents displaying higher treatment expectancies exhibit milder symptoms of OCD and externalizing symptoms, alongside experiencing more favorable outcomes from EB-CBT.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration information: </strong>This study was registered in Current Controlled Trials; Nordic Long-term Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Treatment Study (www.controlled-trials.com ISRCTN66385119).</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"462-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}