Neurourology and Urodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Modulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Improves Voiding Hyperreflexia and Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia in Male Rats With Severe Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Daniel Medina-Aguinaga, Alvaro Munoz, Moises Altamira-Camacho, Jorge Arellano, Ricardo Juarez, Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega, Charles Hubscher, Yolanda Cruz, J Luis Quintanar","doi":"10.1002/nau.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objective of the current study was to test the beneficial effects of a GnRH analog, leuprolide acetate (LA), over the urinary function in a rat model of lower urinary dysfunction by cystometry and electromyography in fully awake conditions in males with and without SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats that underwent spinal cord compression at T10 level were divided into three groups consisting of (1) SHAM, (2) SCI, and (3) SCI + LA 10 μg/kg i.m. (once a day for 3 days, then every 72 h until complete 13 doses). We then conducted awake cystometrograms and electromyograms of the external urethral sphincter (EUS) and compared urodynamic parameters between the three groups. The expression of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) on the urinary bladder was evaluated and compared among three groups by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Additionally, the hind limb movements related to micturition were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SCI induces detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, urinary malfunction, increased mRNA expression for the GnRH receptor in the urinary bladder in injured rats and increased hind limb movements related to micturition. Meanwhile, treatment with LA partially reverses these changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The potential of LA for the treatment of urinary disorders associated with SCI opens the way to a new therapeutic option for individuals with SCI who would like to have an impact on their daily lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"944-955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal Wall Thickness Measurement by 2D-Ultrasound and Pelvic Floor Muscle Morphometry by 4D-Ultrasound in Women With Vaginal Laxity Treated With Radiofrequency or Pelvic Floor Muscle Training.","authors":"Glaucia Miranda Varella Pereira, Cristiane Martins de Almeida, Natalia Martinho, Zsuzsanna Ilona Katalin Jarmy-Di-Bella, Kleber Cursino de Andrade, Marair Gracio Ferreira Sartori, Cassia Raquel Teatin Juliato, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito","doi":"10.1002/nau.25669","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.25669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the vaginal wall thickness (VWT) measurement by two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) and pelvic floor muscle morphometry by four-dimensional translabial ultrasound (4D-TLUS) in women with vaginal laxity (VL) who underwent treatment with radiofrequency (RF) or pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) after 30 days and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that occurred between February 2020 and December 2021 was performed. Women with VL were enrolled and treated with RF or PFMT for 12 weeks. Ultrasound examiners were blinded for the groups. Transabdominal (TAUS) and transvaginal (TVUS) ultrasound were performed with 2D-US analysis. The 4D-TLUS was used for PFM morphometry assessment. We performed per-protocol and intention-to-treat analysis (5% significance).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women with ballooning presented significantly worse scoring in sexual function (p = 0.037) and vaginal symptoms (p = 0.007) than women without ballooning. Analysis of variance among 2D-US, intervention groups and assessment periods has shown that measurements of the TAUS proximal vagina increased in the PFMT group after 6 months (from 9.90 ± 3.14 mm to 10.53 ± 2.71 mm; p = 0.006). TAUS/TVUS distal vagina measurements were reduced after 6 months of RF (TAUS from 11.79 ± 3.67 mm to 10.51 ± 2.51 mm; p = 0.018/TVUS from 7.94 ± 1.83 mm to 7.32 ± 2.10 mm; p = 0.037). On the other hand, 4D-TLUS measurements did not present differences according to the intervention and/or groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women with ballooning on 4D-TLUS presented significantly worse scoring in sexual function and vaginal symptoms. 2D-US found that RF reduced the VWT of the distal vagina after 6 months and PFMT increased the VWT of the proximal vagina after 6 months.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos-REBEC-RBR-2zdvfp as a clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"775-786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urodynamic Changes Following a Staged Trial of Sacral Neuromodulation in Patients With Detrusor Underactivity.","authors":"Stewart Whalen, Jaraspong Vuthiwong, Liang G Qu, Johan Gani","doi":"10.1002/nau.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an established treatment for detrusor underactivity (DU) and nonobstructive urinary retention. The mechanism of action for SNM in DU, however, remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the urodynamic study (UDS) changes in DU patients during the trial period following first stage tined-lead placement (FSTLP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients diagnosed with DU on initial UDS, who had repeat UDS during the 2-week trial period following FSTLP by a single clinician. Urodynamic parameters including maximum flow rate (Qmax), detrusor pressure at maximum flow (PdetQmax), post-void residual (PVR), voiding efficiency (VE), and detrusor contractility index (DCI) were collected. Using the definition of improvement in baseline VE of ≥ 50% post-FSTLP or improvement in DCI of ≥ 50% in complete voiders, patients were divided into \"responders\" and \"nonresponders.\" Pre- and post-FSTLP urodynamic findings were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria. Repeat UDS were done on account of inability or unwillingness to perform clean intermittent catheterization and thus inability to chart an accurate bladder diary. There were 9 female and 8 male patients. Four patients (23.5%) had pure DU while the other 13 (76.5%) had concurrent detrusor overactivity (DO-DU). Among all patients, there was a statistically significant improvement in PdetQmax (14 vs. 29 cmH₂O, p < 0.01) and DCI (62 vs. 92, p < 0.01). Six patients (35.3%) responded to the trial of SNM for DU. Among responders, statistically significant improvements in Qmax (5 vs. 15.5 mL/s, p = 0.03), PVR (215 vs. 80 mLs, p = 0.04), VE (22.9% vs. 82.5%, p = 0.04), and DCI (29 vs. 97.5, p = 0.03) were observed. Nonresponders had improvement in PdetQmax (14 vs. 29 cmH₂O, p = 0.02), but not in Qmax (9 vs. 10 mL/s, p = 0.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among all patients, an improvement in PdetQmax and DCI was observed. Responders exhibited improvement in Qmax, PVR, VE, and DCI without statistically significant improvement in PdetQmax. Nonresponders had statistically significant improvement in PdetQmax, but not in Qmax. Possible mechanisms of action of SNM in DU patients based on our data are inhibition of the guarding reflex/relaxation of the urethra (shown by improvement in Qmax in responders only) and direct strengthening of bladder contractility (shown by improvement in PdetQmax in all patients). Improvement in Qmax was observed exclusively in responders suggesting the former mechanism is the predominant one. Further larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"804-810"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply To: Pascal's Law has no Role in Intraurethral Pressure Transmission or Urethral Closure.","authors":"Bo S Bergström","doi":"10.1002/nau.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"958-962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Nocturia Determinants Using a Novel Portable Urine-Measuring Device.","authors":"Kotaro Yamasue, Tomohiko Kaneoka, Tomoyuki Tatenuma, Masanari Umemura","doi":"10.1002/nau.25667","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.25667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the relationship between nocturia and values measured using a novel multifunctional portable urine-measuring device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five older men with nocturia and/or high-normal or high blood pressure were enrolled to record measurements on one full day (24 h) and two nights using the portable device during urination. Participants used a semi-conical cup with a small hole equipped with a conductivity sensor, temperature sensor, and timer to measure urine volume, salt content, urine temperature, and urination speed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two participants were excluded owing to oliguria. The mean age of 33 participants was 75.2 ± 7.4 years (range: 55-85 years). The mean nocturnal urination frequency, including the first urination after waking, was 2.1 ± 0.6 times. Simple correlation analysis revealed that nocturnal urine frequency significantly increased with nocturnal urine volume (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and salt content (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) but not with 24-h urine volume and salt content. Furthermore, the frequency significantly decreased with nocturnal urine temperature (r = -0.37, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed between morning blood pressure and nocturnal urination frequency. A high correlation was observed between nighttime urine volume and salt content (r = 0.73, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nocturnal urine volume, salt content, and urine temperature are significantly correlated with nocturia. The portable urine-measuring device could guide nocturia reduction through facilitation of the reduction of nocturnal urine volume and salt content, in addition to urine temperature monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"722-727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences and Urogenital Pain: Examining the Mediating Effects of Negative Affect and Pain Catastrophizing.","authors":"Marjorie Heule, Laura Krasean, Janice Tomakowsky, Britney Abro, Mark A Lumley","doi":"10.1002/nau.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND : Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with later psychological and somatic problems, including the emotional sequelae of adverse events (depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing) and outcomes such as chronic pain intensity and pain-related functioning. ACE have rarely been studied in women with pelvic, urogenital, and/or bladder pain (PUBP).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Thus, we examined how childhood adversities are related to psychological and pain-related outcomes in adult women. We also tested whether negative affect and pain catastrophizing mediated the relationship between ACE and pain-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A consecutive series of 310 adult women who presented at a tertiary urology center and reported PUBP completed an intake packet, which included the ACE Questionnaire as well as measures of psychological mediators and pain-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated ACEs were significantly associated with higher pain interference and vaginal insertion pain, as well as significantly related to negative affect (depression and anxiety) and pain catastrophizing. Both negative affect and pain catastrophizing were found to mediate the relationship of ACE to pain intensity and interference; however, only pain catastrophizing mediated the relationship between ACE and vaginal insertion pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that ACEs may impact some pain-related outcomes in women with PUBP by influencing negative affect and pain catastrophizing. Thus, these processes are important targets for intervention in individuals with PUBP and a history of adverse childhood events.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study does not require a clinical trial registration because it is not a clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"885-892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Vision Augmentation to Detect Detrusor Overactivity in Overactive Bladder: A Frontier of Artificial Intelligence Application in Functional Urology-Proof of Concept Clinical Study.","authors":"Shauna J Q Woo, Yu Guang Tan, Mark K F Wong, Jin Yong, Ajith Joseph, Eric C M Loh, Lay Guat Ng","doi":"10.1002/nau.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common urological condition with increasing prevalence, especially in an aging population. Diagnosing and treating OAB can be challenging. While urodynamic study (UDS) is useful to confirm involuntary detrusor overactivity (DO), it is invasive, time-consuming, and requires good patient coordination, which limits its clinical utility. In this proof-of-concept clinical trial, we propose a novel method in which cystoscopic images can be augmented by machine vision to identify DO and detect OAB based on differences in vascular network motion over time.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively extracted 30-second clips from 112 videos that were relatively artifact-free. This cohort consisted of 34 UDS confirmed DO and 78 non-OAB videos. Over 85 000 frames were then processed in the following manner: (A) De-noised to remove artifacts, (B) Super-resolution enhancement, (C) Segmentation and identification of keypoints along the vascular network, (D) Mosaic stitching of frames to reconstitute a 3D bladder map after accounting for geometric distortions, (E) Tracking of keypoint motion differences over time as a surrogate for areas for DO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The structure-from-motion pipeline demonstrated satisfactory 3D reconstructions of processed cystoscopy videos. Videos from OAB patients showed a mean of 113.9 pixel-deviations per time frame (SD 32.8). This is 324.5% of those in the non-OAB group, which had an average of 35.1 pixel-deviations (SD 31.3) (p < 0.001). The heatmap generated provided a topographical representation of the cystoscopic views, thus helping to identify key areas of increased focal detrusor contractions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We describe a novel model leveraging AI machine vision to demonstrate statistically increased keypoint deviations on the detrusor vascular network of OAB patients as compared to non-OAB patients. This technology may potentially streamline the diagnosis of OAB and identify localized areas of increased DO for targeted treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Khullar V, Lemmon B, Acar O, Abrams P, Vahabi B. Does COVID-19 Cause or Worsen LUT Dysfunction, What Are the Mechanisms and Possible Treatments? ICI-RS 2023 Neurourol Urodyn 2024 Aug; 43(6):1458-1463 doi: 101002/nau25441 Epub 2024 Mar 20 PMID: 38506116.","authors":"Salvatore Butticè, Rosa Pappalardo, Emre T Sener, Emanuele Caldarera","doi":"10.1002/nau.25586","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nau.25586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":"963-964"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β₃-Adrenoceptor Agonist Effects on the Urinary Bladder Beyond Detrusor Relaxation.","authors":"Martin C Michel, Ebru Arioglu-Inan, Martin Hennenberg","doi":"10.1002/nau.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>β₃-Adrenoceptor agonists such as mirabegron or vibegron reach pharmacokinetic steady-state within a few days. However, maximum improvements in symptoms of the overactive bladder syndrome are reached at time points later than 4 weeks, that is, detrusor smooth muscle relaxation cannot fully explain clinical effects. Therefore, we review mechanistic studies that have administered such drugs for longer periods of time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Narrative review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The limited data indicates that β₃-adrenoceptor agonists reduce bladder fibrosis and hypertrophy and may induce cell proliferation, and normalize increased apoptosis and ferroptosis. On the other hand, limited data also indicate that detrusor relaxation responses can partly desensitize with prolonged agonist exposure, possibly off-setting effects on fibrosis and hypertrophy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further long-term studies with β₃-adrenoceptor agonists are needed to clarify the role of such processes in clinical improvement of patients with overactive bladder syndrome occurring at time points later than 4 weeks after initiation of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanded Physiological Testing of the Lower Urinary Tract In Asymptomatic Women and Those With Urgency Urinary Incontinence: Findings From the LURN-Organ Study.","authors":"James A Hokanson, John O L DeLancey, Anna C Kirby, Brenda Gillespie, H Henry Lai, Karl J Kreder, C Emi Bretschneider, Nick Slavik, Calvin Andrews, Victor Andreev, Linda Black, Sarah Richardson, Kimberly Kenton, Ziya Kirkali, Claire C Yang","doi":"10.1002/nau.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate sensory and motor function of the bladder and urethra in women with and without urgency urinary incontinence (UUI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Treatment-seeking women with UUI and healthy, asymptomatic, nontreatment seeking controls enrolled in the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Organ-Based study (LURN-Organ) and underwent a single session of physiological testing. Testing included rapid-fill cystometry before and after lidocaine administration, urethral pressure profiles, pelvic floor contraction (Kegel) testing, and tuning fork sensation testing at the urethral meatus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 31 asymptomatic controls and 56 women with UUI. Women with UUI were more likely to demonstrate detrusor overactivity (DO) (32% vs. 10% in controls, p = 0.019). In addition, women with UUI on average generated 25% lower active urethral closure pressures during maximal contraction (p = 0.0016) and reported sensations at lower volumes during cystometry (34% lower for first desire to void, p = 0.028; 34% lower for strong desire to void, p = 0.0017; and 32% lower for maximum cystometric capacity, p = 0.0047). Women with UUI demonstrated diminished urethral sensation on the tuning fork test (median of 7 vs. 8 in controls) though the difference was not significant (p = 0.054). Considerable overlap in all findings occurred between cases and controls in each parameter. While individual component comparisons revealed some differences, additional multivariable analysis demonstrated prominently the physiological heterogeneity of women with UUI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women with UUI demonstrated varying amounts of bladder sensory dysfunction, urethral motor dysfunction and bladder motor dysfunction. Considering the function of lower urinary tract components in combination may reveal UUI phenotypes, highlighting the need to study UUI from a multifactorial perspective.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04557748.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}