Journal of Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Herbivory resistance in dwarf shrubs combines with simulated warming to shift phenology and decrease reproduction","authors":"Mark A. K. Gillespie, Stein Joar Hegland","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14462","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2>\u0000<p>In response to recent climate change, many plants have altered the timing of life-history stages (phenology), with events such as budburst, flowering and fruiting occurring much earlier than pre-industrial records (CaraDonna et al., <span>2014</span>; Parmesan, <span>2006</span>). Although the magnitude and direction of responses may be species specific (CaraDonna et al., <span>2014</span>; Collins et al., <span>2021</span>), the overwhelming pattern is cause for concern due to the unprecedented rate at which organisms at all trophic levels are changing. Differential responses may lead to asynchrony between interacting species (Both et al., <span>2009</span>; Burkle et al., <span>2013</span>; Hegland et al., <span>2009</span>), and more research is required to enhance our understanding of the demographic impacts, such as those on reproductive success (CaraDonna et al., <span>2014</span>; Forrest & Miller-Rushing, <span>2010</span>; Iler et al., <span>2021</span>). Furthermore, while phenological changes are typically linked in studies to bottom-up factors, such as genetics or climatic cues (Forrest & Miller-Rushing, <span>2010</span>), plant vegetative and flowering phenology can be advanced or delayed by top-down stressors such as herbivory (Poveda et al., <span>2003</span>; Tadey, <span>2020</span>; Zhu et al., <span>2016</span>). As increased herbivory and more frequent insect outbreaks have been hypothesised as consequences of a warming world (Hamann et al., <span>2021</span>; Tylianakis et al., <span>2008</span>), more experimental studies are needed to explore the combined effects of abiotic and biotic stressors.</p>\u0000<p>Typically, research focusses on well-established climatic cues of phenological change. The accumulation of heat (e.g. degree days) is well documented as a predictor of flowering (Jackson, <span>1966</span>; Miller-Rushing et al., <span>2007</span>), and many temperate plants also have a winter chilling requirement that restricts emergence to springtime (Morin et al., <span>2009</span>). In alpine conditions and at high latitudes, snow cover and snow melt dates provide important abiotic controls to winter survival and emergence phenology (CaraDonna et al., <span>2014</span>; Iler et al., <span>2013</span>). By contrast, herbivory is often considered to impact plant performance directly by reducing biomass, removing photosynthetic and/or reproductive tissue and negatively affecting fitness (Barrio et al., <span>2017</span>; Bustos-Segura et al., <span>2021</span>; Moreira et al., <span>2019</span>; Rasmussen & Yang, <span>2023</span>), although compensatory responses are also common (e.g. Lemoine et al., <span>2017</span>; Poveda et al., <span>2003</span>). However, additional impacts of herbivory also occur when plants under attack redirect resources from growth and reproduction to defence in an effort to improve herbivory ‘resistance’ (Benevenuto et al., <span>2020</span>), and the alte","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microclimatic variation regulates seed germination phenology in alpine plant communities","authors":"C. Espinosa del Alba, E. Fernández-Pascual, B. Jiménez-Alfaro","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14461","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2>\u0000<p>Plant phenology describes the cyclical patterns of growth and developmental phases (Hopp, <span>1974</span>) which are responsive to climate change (Scranton & Amarasekare, <span>2017</span>). In seasonal climates, plant reproductive strategies and phenology have strong implications for species fitness, which in turn affect community composition (Donohue, <span>2005</span>; Poschlod et al., <span>2013</span>). Studies focusing on reproductive phenology have centred on flowering time, seed maturation and dispersal onset, describing a fast-slow continuum of reproductive phenology (Segrestin et al., <span>2018</span>, <span>2020</span>). Comparatively few studies have focused on germination phenology, despite being a sensitive and irreversible process fundamental for regeneration (Baskin & Baskin, <span>2014</span>). Early season germination can benefit individuals with longer growing seasons (Donohue et al., <span>2010</span>) and give a competitive edge in the use of limited resources versus individuals germinating later (Verdú & Traveset, <span>2005</span>). However, early germination also involves higher mortality risks (Thomson et al., <span>2017</span>) due to warm spells or frost events compared to a more conservative strategy of delayed germination (ten Brink et al., <span>2020</span>). Germination phenology is therefore a key trait for regeneration, influencing population and community dynamics in response to environmental changes (Huang et al., <span>2016</span>; Kimball et al., <span>2011</span>; Levine et al., <span>2011</span>). Common adaptations to regulate germination phenology include bet-hedging strategies that spread mortality risk with several germination pulses (Simons, <span>2011</span>); responses to environmental cues that trigger germination under a certain amount of temperature, moisture or light (Baskin & Baskin, <span>2014</span>; Donohue et al., <span>2010</span>); or a combination of both (Graham et al., <span>2014</span>).</p>\u0000<p>Germination phenology has been studied in annual species from unpredictable water-dependent communities (Gremer & Venable, <span>2014</span>; Kimball et al., <span>2011</span>; ten Brink et al., <span>2020</span>; Thomson et al., <span>2017</span>), but environmental regulation of germination phenology is also expected in other systems influenced by seasonality and climate change (Walck et al., <span>2011</span>). One important example is found in alpine and arctic ecosystems, where seed production and germination are strongly influenced by microclimatic conditions (Mondoni et al., <span>2022</span>). Alpine areas are characterized by short growing seasons and display changing climatic conditions at different spatial scales (Körner, <span>2021</span>). Under these circumstances, germination phenology is of vital importance to match favourable conditions and to prevent unsuitable winter climate during seed regeneration (Gremer et al., <span>2020</s","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevational differentiation occurs alongside high plasticity in a general-purpose genotype invasive plant","authors":"Aaron Millar, Hazel Chapman","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14455","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity of key soil phylotypes is associated with increased plant richness and productivity following agricultural abandonment and afforestation","authors":"Jianyu Wang, Yuyu Li, Yongbiao Ji, Jia He, Junhong Zhang, Zhenghong Dong, Zhangxing Zhang, Ran Xu, Wenhui Hu, Miaochun Fan, Wenqing Chen","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14463","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors declare no competing interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient availability explains distinct soil fungal colonization of angiosperm versus gymnosperm wood","authors":"Zhuqi Zhao, Zhenhong Hu, Teng Yang, Zhiyuan Xu, Zhenyin Bai, Emma J. Sayer","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14458","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>All authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel architecture influences interspecific variation in shoot flammability, but not as much as leaf traits","authors":"Md Azharul Alam, Sarah V. Wyse, Hannah L. Buckley, George L. W. Perry, Xinglei Cui, Jon J. Sullivan, Dylan W. Schwilk, Timothy J. Curran","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14450","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Plant flammability is strongly influenced by functional traits, meaning that the quantitative measurement of trait–flammability relationships is key to understanding why some species burn better than others. While relationships between flammability and leaf traits are well‐studied, the role of architectural traits has rarely been assessed. Shoots preserve some of the architecture of plants; therefore, shoot‐level trait–flammability relationships offer great promise for determining the relative influence of fuel architecture and leaf traits on flammability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We quantified plant flammability by burning 70‐cm‐long shoot samples from 65 species of indigenous and exotic New Zealand trees and shrubs and measured a range of leaf and fuel architectural traits on the same individuals. The influence of species' evolutionary history on flammability variation was also quantified.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Most of the variation in flammability and functional traits was explained by between‐species differences. No significant phylogenetic signal was detected for the flammability variables measured in this study. Fuel architecture influenced shoot flammability, and along with leaf traits, explained a high proportion (41%–54%) of flammability variation. Branching patterns (number of ramifications and sub‐branches) was the key architectural trait that was strongly positively correlated with flammability. Other architectural traits, such as foliage and twig fraction mass, and fuel bulk density were also significantly associated with some flammability variables. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC; positive relationship) and leaf thickness (negative relationship) were the leaf traits most strongly correlated with shoot flammability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. Our study addresses a key knowledge gap by demonstrating the influence of fuel architecture on shoot flammability and improves our understanding of why species with certain architecture (e.g. highly branched) burn better than others. However, leaf traits such as leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf thickness emerged as having a relatively stronger influence on flammability than architectural traits. Where available, traits such as LDMC, leaf thickness and branching pattern can be effective surrogates of plant flammability and can be used to improve global dynamic vegetation models and fire behaviour models. However, several architectural traits are time‐consuming to measure, so where they are not available, it will be quicker to simply measure shoot flammability.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat edges decrease plant reproductive output in fragmented landscapes","authors":"Katherine A. Hulting, Lars A. Brudvig, Ellen I. Damschen, Douglas J. Levey, Julian Resasco, Joshua J. Tewksbury, Nick M. Haddad","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14452","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt;1 INTRODUCTION&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Habitat loss is a major threat to biodiversity (Dirzo et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Newbold et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Tilman et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Although negative effects of habitat loss on biodiversity are clear, there is more debate about the effects of habitat fragmentation, which is often confounded with habitat loss (Fahrig, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Fahrig et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Fletcher et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Haddad et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). To resolve this debate, examining mechanisms of biodiversity change, such as demographic processes within species, may clarify biodiversity trends in fragmented landscapes (Fletcher et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Pardini et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Population demography determines species persistence, particularly for small populations, and cumulative responses of multiple species may lead to community-level changes in biodiversity (Paniw et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Schmidt et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Past fragmentation research on demography has primarily focused on the processes of immigration and emigration (Honnay et al., &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;; Jacquemyn et al., &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;). However, other demographic processes, such as reproductive success, may also be impacted by fragmentation (Aguilar et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Given that reproduction is a component of population growth (Koons et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;), fragmentation effects on reproductive output may have important consequences for population persistence.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Because fragmentation results in several spatial patterns that arise at multiple spatial scales (Fletcher et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), experiments that are able to separate out the effects of these spatial patterns are valuable. For example, as a given amount of habitat is broken apart, the number of habitat patches increases at the landscape scale, which decreases habitat structural connectivity at the among-patch scale (Fletcher et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). At the same time, fragmenting habitat also creates more edge habitat, increasing the edge-to-area ratio at the patch and landscape scale and decreasing the average distance to an edge at the within-patch scale (Fletcher et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). These multiple components of fragmentation may each influence plant reproductive output (i.e. seed production), through impacts on pollination, growth, seed predation, or herbivory (Brudvig et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). However, despite broad recognition that effects of habitat loss and fragmentation are often confounded (Ewers &amp; Didham, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;; Fahrig, &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;; Valente et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), disentangling their effects remains challenging. Previous research on plant reproductive output has typically focused on patch size to test fragmentation effects (Bruna &amp; Kress, &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;; Portela et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Tomimatsu &amp; Ohara, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;), confounding multiple components of fragmentation with habitat ","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity accounts for changes in plant phosphorus‐acquisition strategies from mining to scavenging along a gradient of soil phosphorus availability in South American Campos grasslands","authors":"D. F. Michelini, F. A. Lattanzi, A. Rodríguez‐Blanco, A. Del Pino, F. Piccin Torchelsen, F. Lezama, V. Pinelli, G. Overbeck, P. Inchausti, J. Wasaki, F. P. Teste, H. Lambers","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14445","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Plants have evolved numerous traits to acquire phosphorus (P). Correspondingly, soil P availability modulates the functional composition of many plant communities. However, it is unclear to what extent plant species modulate the expression of different P‐acquisition strategies (phenotypic plasticity). Moreover, how variation in soil‐P availability interacts with plant phenotypic plasticity and species turnover to determine what P‐acquisition strategies are present in highly diverse communities? To address these questions, we assessed associations between plant‐available soil P and the magnitude of several P‐acquisition traits in both individual species and plant communities in <jats:italic>Campos</jats:italic> grasslands.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Root phosphatase activity (phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase), leaf manganese (Mn) concentration (a proxy for carboxylate concentration in the rhizosphere) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization were assessed in 105, 52 and 54 native plant species, respectively, sampled across three to seven plant communities with contrasting concentrations of plant‐available soil P. Furthermore, root diameter and plant cover of those species were also quantified.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Variation in P‐acquisition strategies among species was large: 157‐ and 118‐fold for phosphatases, 96‐fold for leaf [Mn] and 39‐fold for AM colonization. Between half and two‐thirds of the variation in community‐weighted mean P‐acquisition traits was accounted for by the interactive factors plant‐available soil P, soil pH and root diameter. At low‐P availability, phosphatases and carboxylate exudation (P‐mining traits) and thin roots predominated, particularly at low soil pH. At higher P availability, AM associations (P‐scavenging trait) and thicker roots were more common.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. Phenotypic plasticity was a major source of variation in the response of P‐acquisition traits to soil properties, particularly for P‐mining traits. Our results reveal that the plasticity of the expression of plant P‐acquisition strategies in individual species was more important than changes in species presence or cover as a mechanism underlying shifts between P‐mining and P‐scavenging strategies as plant P availability varied across communities.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil moisture mediates the effect of plant below-ground carbon allocation on the decomposition of root litter in a subtropical forest","authors":"Meijie Xi, Xiaoyue Zeng, Yin Yang, Shuang Liang, Liangyuan Cai, Zichen Pan, Yu Liu, Christopher W. Fernandez, Roger T. Koide, Weile Chen","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14453","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fitness differences override variation‐dependent coexistence mechanisms in California grasslands","authors":"Andrew J. Muehleisen, Caitlin T. White, Lauren S. Shoemaker, Katharine N. Suding, E. Ashley Shaw Adams, Lauren M. Hallett","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14451","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>While most studies of species coexistence focus on the mechanisms that maintain coexistence, it is equally important to understand the mechanisms that structure failed coexistence. For example, California annual grasslands are heavily invaded ecosystems, where non‐native annuals have largely dominated and replaced native communities. These systems are also highly variable, with a high degree of rainfall seasonality and interannual rainfall variability—a quality implicated in the coexistence of functionally distinct species. Yet, despite the apparent strength of this variation, coexistence between native and non‐native annuals in this system has faltered.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>To test how variation‐dependent coexistence mechanisms modulate failed coexistence, we implemented a competition experiment between two previously common native forbs and three now‐dominant non‐native annual grasses spanning a conservative‐acquisitive range of traits. We grew individuals from each species under varying densities of all other species as competitors, under either wetter or drier early season rainfall treatments. Using subsequent seed production, we parameterized competition models, assessed the potential for coexistence among species pairs and quantified the relative influence of variation‐dependent coexistence mechanisms.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>As expected, we found little potential for coexistence. Competition was dominated by the non‐native grass <jats:italic>Avena fatua</jats:italic>, while native forbs were unable to invade non‐native grasses. Mutual competitive exclusion was common across almost all species and often contingent on rainfall, suggesting rainfall‐mediated priority effects. Among variation‐dependent mechanisms, the temporal storage effect had a moderate stabilizing effect for four of five species when averaged across competitors, while relative nonlinearity in competition was largely destabilizing, except for the most conservative non‐native grass, which benefited from a competitive release under dry conditions.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>: Our findings suggest that rainfall variability does little to mitigate the fitness differences that underlie widespread annual grass invasion in California, but that it influences coexistence dynamics among the now‐dominant non‐native grasses.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}