Journal of Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Early detection of plant community responses to climate warming along mountain roads","authors":"Evelin Iseli, Nathan Diaz Zeugin, Camille Brioschi, Jake Alexander, Jonathan Lenoir","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Global warming is causing species to shift their ranges towards higher latitudes and elevations, leading to a reassembly of plant communities and associated community thermophilization (i.e. an increasing number or cover of thermophilic species, sometimes at the expense of mesic or cold‐adapted species). Given the large variation typically observed in the magnitude and direction of range shifts, quantifying community thermophilization might provide a more sensitive method to detect climate change impacts within short time periods and across limited spatial extents, as it integrates range shifts across multiple species while also accounting for changes in abundance.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we combined an assessment of (i) species‐level range shifts and (ii) changes in community‐inferred temperatures (thermophilization) along three mountain roads in Switzerland to ask whether plant communities have responded to a warming climate over a 10‐year period, and whether community thermophilization is a sensitive metric for early detection of these changes.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found a community thermophilization signal of +0.13°C over the 10‐year study period based on presence‐absence data only. Despite significant upwards shifts of species' upper range limits in the lower part of the studied elevational gradient and a decrease in species richness at high elevations, significant thermophilization was not detectable if community‐inferred temperatures were weighted by species' covers. The low cover values of species that were gained or lost from local communities over the study period, together with their similar species‐specific temperatures to resident species, explained the discrepancy between the thermophilization detected in cover‐weighted versus unweighted models.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. Our work shows that plant species are rapidly shifting to higher elevations along roadsides in the western Swiss Alps and that this translates into a detectable warming signal in plant communities within 10 years. However, the species‐level range shifts and the community‐level warming effect are mostly based on gained/lost species with low cover values, preventing the detection of community thermophilization signals when incorporating cover changes. We therefore recommend including unweighted approaches as an additional option for early detection of community‐level responses to changing climate, ideally in combination with assessments of species‐level range shifts.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small disturbances and subsequent competition for light can maintain a diversity of demographic strategies in a neotropical forest: Results from model–data integration","authors":"Damla Cinoğlu, Nadja Rüger, Robin R. Decker, Caroline E. Farrior","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Niche differentiation with respect to light availability as it varies across succession has often been thought to explain tree species coexistence. Demographic light‐related niches represented by growth‐survival and stature‐recruitment trade‐offs and captured by demographic groups (slow, fast, long‐lived pioneers, short‐lived breeders and intermediate) have been shown to accurately represent the biomass dynamics of secondary and old‐growth forests in central Panama in a model. However, whether the simple mechanisms of that well‐parameterized and accurate model are enough to support the long‐term coexistence of demographic groups across these trade‐offs has yet to be tested.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we develop a model to test whether stochastic, small‐scale gap disturbances and subsequent competition for light can support the long‐term coexistence of the observed demographic groups in the Barro Colorado Island forest dynamics plot. Specifically, to test whether the demographic differences among species promote coexistence, we compare niche simulation models, parameterized by the different demographic groups, to a variety of neutral models, where the species have the same demographic parameters.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Upon exploring the estimated range of possible parameterizations of recruitment (a difficult‐to‐measure parameter), we identify several parameterizations where differences among groups along the growth‐survival and stature‐recruitment trade‐off axes facilitate long‐term coexistence. We find that gap disturbances are essential for these results, indicating that it is the differences in the subsequent competition for light through time that provide the opportunity for stabilizing niche differentiation. Additionally, the parameterizations that generate stable coexistence display successional negative density dependence and realistic within‐patch post‐disturbance forest dynamics.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. This model‐data integration exercise indicates that small‐scale disturbances and subsequent competition for light may be significant forces for stable diversity maintenance of demographic groups along the growth–survival and stature–recruitment trade‐off axes in a neotropical forest. This result, however, holds only for a subset of the empirically reasonable recruitment parameters, indicating the importance of improving the understanding of recruitment and its demographic trade‐offs for understanding demographic strategy coexistence.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasingly conservative N cycling in a wet tropical forest: Litter and stream N concentrations decline over 29 years despite surges from hurricanes","authors":"Heather E. Erickson, Grizelle González, William H. McDowell, Jody D. Potter","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Long‐term litterfall trends are unexplored in hurricane‐prone regions but are needed to understand the consequences of altered hurricane regimes. In a wet tropical forest in northeastern Puerto Rico, we monitored litterfall mass (leaf fall, &lt;2.5 cm diameter wood fall and miscellaneous), litterfall carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and stream nitrate every 2 weeks for 29 years (1989–2017).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Litterfall from the nine observed hurricanes averaged 500 g m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> hurricane<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (CV = 90%), nearly half of the long‐term mean of 951 g m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Hurricane‐generated leaf fall and wood fall increased with increasing disturbance intensity (peak wind speed) and time since a previous hurricane. Wood fall from the two most intense hurricanes exceeded corresponding leaf fall and mean annual wood fall.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Litterfall increased over the 29 years due to increases in wood fall and miscellaneous materials but not leaf fall. Recovery of litterfall after individual hurricanes was distinctive and illustrated the varying effects of hurricane intensity and history on litterfall dynamics.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Leaf fall N concentrations [N] surged immediately after hurricanes yet decreased by around 33% over the 29 years. Similar changes were observed at the watershed scale, with increasing nitrate in streams following major hurricanes but then a long‐term decline. Mean annual leaf fall [N] was negatively related to the previous year's fine wood fall but positively related to that wood fall's [N], suggesting a link between fine wood dynamics and plant N uptake. Stream nitrate‐[N] showed a strong positive correlation with leaf fall [N] after hurricanes and across years, demonstrating tight coupling between terrestrial and aquatic N cycling throughout periods of cyclonic disturbances and recovery.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The decadal decreases in litterfall [N] and stream nitrate‐[N] and the increase in wood fall suggest a trend towards more conservative cycling of N. Microbial immobilization of N in wood fall from hurricanes and during recovery likely contributed to the lower N availability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. More conservative cycling of N can be expected under the current hurricane disturbance regime. However, with increased hurricane frequencies and intensities, the lack of high wood fall typical of mature canopies may alter present N cycling trends.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood density variation across an Andes‐to‐Amazon elevational gradient","authors":"William Farfan‐Rios, Sassan Saatchi, Imma Oliveras Menor, Yadvinder Malhi, Chelsea M. Robinson, Oliver L. Phillips, Alex Nina‐Quispe, Juan A. Gibaja, Israel Cuba, Karina Garcia‐Cabrera, Norma Salinas, John Terborgh, Nigel Pitman, Rodolfo Vasquez, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Percy Nunez Vargas, Craig A. Layman, Miles R. Silman","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Understanding how functional traits are related to species diversity and ecosystem properties is a central goal of ecology. Wood density is a trait that integrates many aspects of plant form and function and is highly variable among species. Previous studies of wood density across elevational gradients have been based on limited sampling and have reported declines with increasing elevation, though even this simple pattern remains unknown, much less its underlying functional and evolutionary relationships.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we use one of the longest and most speciose elevational gradients in the world, extending from the Andean tree line to the Amazon basin, to test the extent to which elevation, species composition, phylogenetic affinity and forest structure determine variation in wood density. Using field‐collected wood samples and global databases, we assigned wood density to 1231 species and 31,330 stems across 41 (47.5 ha) mature forest plots arrayed across a 3500‐m vertical gradient.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results show that mean wood density, either weighted by abundance, basal area or species, was highly variable but tended to decline from low to middle elevations and increase again from mid‐elevations to the tree line. As a result of this non‐linearity, forests at the Andean tree line had higher wood density than their lowland Amazon counterparts. We observed an abrupt transition in wood density at the lower limit of persistent cloud formation (cloud base), where the lowest wood density values were found. The decline of wood density is attributed to a significant shift in life forms, with an abundance of tree ferns at middle elevations and a higher probability of landslides and disturbances favouring a suite of traits associated with low wood density, such as softer wood and higher elasticity. Species turnover explained most of the among‐species variation across the gradient, with elevation having no consistent effect on within‐species variation in wood density.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Together, both gradual compositional changes and sharp local changes in the importance of non‐dicot life forms, such as arborescent ferns and palms, define patterns of forest‐level carbon density, with wood density per se controlling ecosystem properties, such as carbon flux, across the Andes‐to‐Amazon elevational gradient.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting effects of rhizosphere and sediment microbiota on seagrass performance in response to a simulated marine heatwave","authors":"Renske Jongen, Ezequiel M. Marzinelli, Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez, Josee L. Hart, Staffan Kjelleberg, Paul E. Gribben","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Climate change‐induced temperature stress is affecting the performance and survival of plants across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. For terrestrial plants, below‐ground microbes can enhance plant performance in response to environmental stress and recent evidence suggests a similar role for marine plants. Despite this, the potential for below‐ground microbes to enhance marine plant resilience against climate change‐induced marine heatwaves (MHWs), an ocean temperature stress that is increasing in frequency and intensity globally, remains unclear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We experimentally manipulated microbial communities in <jats:italic>Zostera muelleri</jats:italic> rhizosphere and bulk sediments through root sterilisation and sediment autoclaving to determine their influence on seagrass growth and survival under two marine heatwave scenarios: recent MHW profile and an end‐of‐century scenario.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Seagrasses with an experimentally disrupted rhizosphere microbiome showed reduced growth under all temperature and sediment treatments. In contrast, an intact bulk sediment microbiome hindered plant growth under the future marine heatwave scenario and disruption of these communities had a positive effect on plant performance. Future marine heatwave treatments had a lower relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbes in bulk sediments (i.e. Akkermansiaceae) and were enriched with potential plant pathogens (i.e. Xanthomonadaceae). In addition, the rhizosphere of plants in intact bulk sediments showed a lower relative abundance of potential plant‐growth‐promoting bacteria.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis.</jats:italic> This study provides experimental evidence that marine heatwaves can negatively affect seagrass performance via changes in bulk sediment microbiota and that the benefits provided by rhizosphere microbiota to plants may not be enough to overcome such effects. Our experiment highlights for the first time how below‐ground microbes influence seagrass responses to heat stress. Furthermore, our findings emphasise the need to consider below‐ground microbial interactions in future seagrass research and suggest that shifts in microbial communities may play a role in seagrass resilience to climate change. These insights may be critical for restoration efforts, as integrating below‐ground microbial communities into seagrass management strategies may enhance the success of restoration initiatives under changing environmental conditions.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal stem decay is not a major source of error for carbon stock estimates in managed temperate forests of Central Europe","authors":"Markus Hauck, Germar Csapek, Choimaa Dulamsuren","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Forest biomass and carbon stock estimates are critically important for the understanding of the global carbon cycle and the mitigation potential of forest ecosystems with respect to climate change. Forest biomass is routinely assessed using allometric biomass functions, which rely on stem diameter and tree height data and thus on the outer shape of the trees. Internal stem decay and tree cavities are neglected in these calculations.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In a global survey, it has been postulated that the 1% largest trees contain 50% of the above‐ground tree biomass of a forest stand. This postulate assigns the largest trees a prominent role in the biomass of the entire stand. This also means that estimation errors in determining the biomass of these individual trees would have a significant effect on stand biomass. At the same time, the largest and oldest trees have an increased risk of internal wood decay, which in turn increases the probability of overestimating the stand biomass using allometric biomass functions.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We studied above‐ground tree biomass and carbon stocks in temperate forests of <jats:italic>Fagus sylvatica</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Abies alba</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Picea abies</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pinus sylvestris</jats:italic> in SW Germany and selected 168 plots with 2359 trees with a disproportionally high proportion of large old trees. We calculated biomass based on allometric regression functions and corrected the results with data of internal stem decay obtained with sonic tomography.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In the studied tree species, 18%–25% of the largest trees constituted 50% of the above‐ground biomass and thus far more than the 1% largest trees.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Overestimation of above‐ground stand biomass and carbon stock density due to internal stem decay amounted to only 0.2%–0.3% on stand level and was thus negligible compared to other potential sources of error linked with biomass and carbon stock estimates.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Allometric biomass functions can be used for biomass and carbon stock estimates in managed temperate forests of Central Europe, even in stands with high shares of large old trees. It should be tested whether this conclusion is transferable to forests with less or no intensive management in other regions and biomes.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition contributes to quantitative mismatches between plant fitness and occurrence along environmental gradients","authors":"Kenji T. Hayashi, Nathan J. B. Kraft","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Species distributions depend on the complex interplay between the abiotic environment and biotic interactions. Empirical work in plant communities has increasingly revealed how competition mediates species' demographic responses to environmental variation, but understanding when and how the demographic consequences of competition manifest in observed occurrence patterns remains an important challenge.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we explore how competition contributes to quantitative mismatches between plant fitness and occurrence along spatial environmental gradients in an edaphically heterogeneous California annual grassland landscape. We experimentally quantified how the germination rate, fecundity and lifetime fitness of eight native annual plant species respond to spatial variation in the soil environment, either in the presence or in the absence of naturally occurring neighbours. We also surveyed the species' occurrence across the study landscape. Combining these fitness and occurrence data, we tested whether observed occurrence patterns are congruent with fitness responses to different soil factor gradients.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found that competition altered fitness responses to the primary soil gradient (soil texture and fertility) for some species. In the absence of competitors, fitness responses to this environmental gradient were often poorly aligned with estimated variation in the probability of occurrence. At least one species (<jats:italic>Lasthenia californica</jats:italic>) was more likely to occur in sandy, infertile soils, where its fitness was expected to be at its lowest. In contrast, we found that competition had relatively little effect on fitness responses and occurrence along a secondary soil gradient (soil nutrient composition, especially Ca:Mg).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. We demonstrate that competition can contribute to mismatches between how plant fitness and occurrence vary along spatial environmental gradients. Importantly, these quantitative mismatches depend on the species and environmental gradient in question. Our results caution against assuming that variation in occurrence implies variation in fitness, or vice versa, especially when the strength of competition co‐varies with the abiotic environment.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen addition drives local extinction of legumes in meadow steppe","authors":"Yinliu Wang, Guoxiang Niu, Kathrin Rousk, Guojiao Yang, Liangchao Jiang, Muqier Hasi, Jianguo Xue, Xiaotao Lü, Yong Jiang, Xingguo Han, Ang Li, Jianhui Huang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Nitrogen (N) enrichment poses a critical threat to legume diversity through three interlinked mechanisms: stimulating growth of non‐leguminous competitors, enhancing community canopy coverage and inducing light limitation. Canopy management practices such as mowing may partially mitigate these impacts by reducing species dominance and restoring light availability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Through a decadal field experiment in a meadow steppe, we systematically investigated the interactive effects of chronic N addition and mowing regimes on legume biomass dynamics and species persistence.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our findings demonstrate a time‐dependent relationship between N enrichment and legume species richness. Most legume species, particularly rare and subordinate ones, were eliminated at intermediate‐to‐late stages when N addition rates exceeded 10 g N m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. This collapse correlated with the progressive suppression of legumes by biomass accumulation in the dominant non‐legume species, <jats:italic>Leymus chinensis</jats:italic>. Beyond this ecological threshold, only <jats:italic>Thermopsis lanceolata</jats:italic> persisted in the community, though its biomass ultimately declined with increasing N inputs and associated metal element uptake. Greenhouse experiments revealed this species' survival strategy involves rapid downregulation of N fixation capacity—a potentially critical functional trait distinguishing it from other legumes in the study site. Mowing partially counteracted N‐induced biodiversity loss at sub‐threshold enrichment levels (i.e. &lt; 10 g N m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) by weakening the competitive dominance of nitrophilous plants and maintaining light penetration. However, this management intervention proved ineffective against legume extirpation under prolonged N exposure or supra‐threshold addition rates. Our mechanistic analysis identified three cascading drivers of legume extinction: (1) competitive exclusion by N‐responsive species, (2) light limitation from canopy closure and (3) phytotoxic effects of metal element accumulation.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. This study predicts an ecosystem regime shift toward simplified N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐fixing associations and dominance of non‐symbiotic plant species in temperate grasslands under chronic N deposition. Such compositional changes could fundamentally alter terrestrial N cycling patterns, with cascading consequences for ecosystem functioning. While mowing provides limited buffering capacity at moderate N loads, our results emphasize the imperative for stricter atmospheric N emission controls to preserve legume biodiversity and associated ecological services.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar herbivory pushes plant individuals towards the periphery of a plant–floral visitor interaction network","authors":"Luiz Rezende, Leandro G. Cosmo, Gustavo Q. Romero, Martín Pareja","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Indirect interactions are major forces structuring communities. In terrestrial ecosystems, changes in plant traits caused by herbivory have the potential to mediate cascades of indirect interactions that can profoundly affect community structure. We have begun to understand the mechanisms behind indirect effects mediated by trait changes in plants, but we still know little about how these interaction‐level mechanisms affect higher levels of community organization, in particular network structure and how this is dependent on community context.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In this study, we aimed to understand how herbivory affects floral traits, flower visitation and the position of plant individuals in a plant–flower visitor network. To do this, we assessed the natural incidence of leaf and flowerhead herbivory in a tropical shrub and tested whether it affects flowerhead density and the interactions between flowers and Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera at the pairwise and network levels. We also tested how the local density of conspecific plants adds context dependency to these interactions by affecting both herbivory and flowerhead visitation in focal plants.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Increased leaf herbivory reduced flowerhead density per plant and indirectly reduced flowerhead visitation by Hymenoptera, while for Diptera direct effects of herbivory were important and Lepidoptera were not affected. At the network level, plants with more flowerheads were more connected and central. By reducing flowerhead density, leaf herbivory caused individual plants to lose centrality, becoming less connected and therefore peripheral in the plant–flower visitor network. This dynamic is context dependent as increased plant conspecific local density reduced leaf herbivory in the focal plant and indirectly benefited its flowerhead density, flowerhead visitation and network centrality.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. We demonstrate how the effects of herbivory on a key plant trait can cascade to shape the interactions between individual plants and their flower visitors and how the indirect effects between herbivores and pollinators can modulate the structure of interaction networks.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early departures and delayed arrivals: Holocene dynamics of temperate tree species in the boreal‐temperate ecotone","authors":"Todor S. Minchev, Julia Cigana, Pierre Grondin, Yves Bergeron, Guillaume de Lafontaine","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Understanding historical dynamics of peripheral populations over the Holocene provides key insights to anticipate species responses to ongoing global changes. A marginal stand at the leading edge of sugar maple (<jats:italic>Acer saccharum</jats:italic>) range was hereby investigated to infer the Holocene dynamics of sugar maple, red maple (<jats:italic>Acer rubrum</jats:italic>), eastern white pine (<jats:italic>Pinus strobu</jats:italic>s), three prominent temperate tree species of the boreal–temperate forest ecotone in eastern Canada.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Soil macrofossil charcoal analysis of 25,595 charred wood particles revealed that white pine is detected at this marginal temperate forest site since the early Holocene, red maple since the mid‐Holocene and sugar maple since the late‐Holocene.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The transition from the warmer mid‐Holocene to the cooler late‐Holocene was marked by a decrease of white pine, which was expected because the environmental envelope of temperate species shifted southward in response to lower mean temperatures of the Neoglacial. In contrast, the abundance of sugar and red maples increased during the cool late‐Holocene period.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>There was a significant lag between the establishment of maples, whereby the hardier red maple was found since the warmer mid‐Holocene, while the cold intolerant sugar maple was only detected during the cooler late‐Holocene. A shift in the fire regime, a disruption of coniferous priority effects in the soil, as well as the introduction of shared mycorrhizal fungi might tentatively explain the late establishment of maples and the migration lag between the two species.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. As temperate tree species require warmer temperatures than boreal species, some thermophilous species such as white pine increased in abundance at their northern edge during historically warmer periods. Our data reveal that not all temperate species behaved accordingly: maples were scarce during the warm mid‐Holocene, while their abundance increased during the cool late‐Holocene. A migration lag suggests that an earlier arrival of generalist species such as red maple might be required to facilitate the later establishment of specialists such as sugar maple. The historic decoupling between macroclimatic trends and temperate species range shift sheds new light on the potential responses of the boreal–temperate ecotone facing modern‐day anthropogenic climate change.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144603001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}