Journal of Ecology最新文献

{"title":"A pan-European citizen science study shows population size, climate and land use are related to biased morph ratios in the heterostylous plant Primula veris","authors":"Tsipe Aavik, Triin Reitalu, Marianne Kivastik, Iris Reinula, Sabrina Träger, Evelyn Uuemaa, Marta Barberis, Arjen Biere, Sílvia Castro, Sara A. O. Cousins, Anikó Csecserits, Eleftherios Dariotis, Živa Fišer, Grzegorz Grzejszczak, Cuong Nguyen Huu, Kertu Hool, Hans Jacquemyn, Margaux Julien, Marcin Klisz, Alexander Kmoch, Nikos Krigas, Attila Lengyel, Michael Lenhard, Desalew M. Moges, Zuzana Münzbergová, Ülo Niinemets, Baudewijn Odé, Hana Pánková, Meelis Pärtel, Ricarda Pätsch, Theodora Petanidou, Jan Plue, Radosław Puchałka, Froukje Rienks, Ioulietta Samartza, Julie K. Sheard, Bojana Stojanova, Joachim P. Töpper, Georgios Tsoktouridis, Spas Uzunov, Martin Zobel","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14477","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2>\u0000<p>The last century has witnessed unprecedented habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of global land use change (Haddad et al., <span>2015</span>). Along with climate change, this trend adversely affects several aspects of biodiversity, causing the loss of genetic diversity (Des Roches et al., <span>2021</span>; Laikre et al., <span>2020</span>; Schlaepfer et al., <span>2018</span>), species richness (Tilman et al., <span>2017</span>), and related ecosystem services (Cardinale et al., <span>2012</span>). However, not all species respond in the same way to these factors, with some species being more vulnerable to the mentioned threats than the others. In plants, the response of certain species may depend on their life history, functional traits, phenotypic plasticity, and biogeographic origin (De Kort et al., <span>2021</span>; Hamrick & Godt, <span>1996</span>). In addition, the effects of fragmentation and climate change on plant mutualistic partners, such as pollinators (Bennett et al., <span>2020</span>; Rodger et al., <span>2021</span>), seed dispersers (Donoso et al., <span>2022</span>) or mycorrhizal fungi (Kiesewetter et al., <span>2023</span>; Outhwaite et al., <span>2022</span>; Senapathi et al., <span>2017</span>), may affect the relative vulnerability of plant species to the factors of global change. Outcrossing, animal-pollinated plants may be more susceptible to climate change and habitat fragmentation than clonally reproducing, selfing, or anemophilous plants due to potential negative impacts of habitat loss and climate change on pollinators (Aguilar et al., <span>2008</span>; Bennett et al., <span>2020</span>; Rodger et al., <span>2021</span>). Furthermore, reduced pollinator abundance and diversity may ultimately cause shifts in plant–pollinator networks (Zoller et al., <span>2023</span>), potentially triggering selection of phenotypes with reduced herkogamy or self-incompatibility (Bodbyl Roels & Kelly, <span>2011</span>; Cheptou, <span>2021</span>; Jacquemyn et al., <span>2012</span>; Opedal, <span>2019</span>). However, our understanding of how reproductive plant traits respond to climate change and land use shifts in contemporary landscapes is still limited (Pontarp et al., <span>2023</span>).</p>\u0000<p>Insufficient pollination poses a particular threat to plant species with floral traits preventing self-pollination, such as heterostyly. Heterostyly is a genetically determined floral polymorphism expressed in the reciprocal positioning of female and male reproductive organs (Barrett, <span>2019</span>). It has evolved independently across at least 28 plant families (Barrett, <span>2019</span>). Populations of heterostylous plants comprise two (distylous species) or three (tristylous species) morphs with reciprocal lengths of style and anthers. Differences between morphs may also be expressed in the size and morphology of stigmatic papillae and pollen grains (Costa, Castro, et al., <span>2017</","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant phylogeny, traits and fungal community composition as drivers of plant–soil feedbacks","authors":"Christopher J. Sweeney, Marina Semchenko, Franciska T. de Vries, Bart E. van Dongen, Richard D. Bardgett","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14481","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>1 INTRODUCTION</h2>\u0000<p>Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are a key component of terrestrial ecosystem functioning and influence vegetation dynamics in many ways, such as: the maintenance of species coexistence (Crawford et al., <span>2019</span>; Klironomos, <span>2002</span>; Teste et al., <span>2017</span>), plant invasiveness (Aldorfová et al., <span>2020</span>; Levine et al., <span>2006</span>) and successional changes in plant community composition (Bauer et al., <span>2015</span>; Kardol et al., <span>2006</span>). PSFs involve the modification of soil biological and abiotic properties by a given plant species that have downstream effects on the growth of future individuals in the same soil. These PSFs can be positive, negative or neutral, where plant performance is improved, reduced or unaffected, respectively, when grown in soil previously occupied by the same species compared with soil conditioned by other species (Bever et al., <span>1997</span>; Van der Putten et al., <span>2013</span>). Given this wide variation in PSF observed among species, there is considerable interest in developing a framework that can be used to predict the direction and magnitude of PSF responses as a function of plant species characteristics (de Vries et al., <span>2023</span>; Rutten & Allan, <span>2023</span>; Semchenko et al., <span>2022</span>). However, despite an abundance of studies exploring individual aspects of PSFs, our understanding of how plant traits and phylogeny, via associated effects on soil microbial communities, shape PSFs is still limited by the lack of comprehensive empirical tests.</p>\u0000<p>Plants modify their immediate environment in many ways and can shape the composition and diversity of microbial communities within their root zones (Grayston et al., <span>1998</span>; Hu et al., <span>2018</span>). This ‘conditioning’ of rhizosphere microbial communities can regulate PSFs, and, as such, PSF responses may be predictable based upon how a particular plant species modifies its root-associated microbiome (Fitzpatrick et al., <span>2018</span>; Semchenko et al., <span>2018</span>; Wilschut et al., <span>2019</span>). Previous studies indicate that root-associated fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fungal pathotrophs, play an important role in determining PSFs (Cortois et al., <span>2016</span>; Semchenko et al., <span>2018</span>). Several studies show that these fungal guilds are strongly influenced by plant species identity (Frac et al., <span>2018</span>; Semchenko et al., <span>2018</span>) and that increased associations with AMF (Cortois et al., <span>2016</span>; Semchenko et al., <span>2018</span>) or fungal pathotrophs (Semchenko et al., <span>2018</span>; Wilschut et al., <span>2019</span>) lead to more positive and negative PSFs, respectively. There is also evidence that AMF and pathotroph communities are strongly determined by plant phylogenetic relatedness (Barberán et al., <span>2015</span>; Sweeney et ","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large seeds as a defensive strategy against partial granivory in the Fagaceae","authors":"Si‐Chong Chen, Alexandre Antonelli, Xiao Huang, Neng Wei, Can Dai, Qing‐Feng Wang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14480","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Large seeds interact with a wide range of animals (e.g. predators) and are dispersed via certain small animals' foraging behaviours, such as caching. Some of the most iconic species of large‐seeded plants have long fascinated ecologists studying biotic interactions, such as oaks and their relatives in the Fagaceae family.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The Fagaceae acorns are dispersed through synzoochory, a specific dispersal mode in which animal partners act as both seed dispersers and granivores. Although granivory (i.e. seed herbivory) can profoundly impact the survival of plant offspring, partial damage on seed reserves is a prevalent phenomenon that does not always result in seed mortality. However, previous single‐species studies have resulted in mixed evidence across treatments and traits, leaving the impact of partial granivory on plant regeneration unclear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Using artificial granivory experiments on 1185 seeds of 20 Fagaceae species, here we quantify how partial loss of seed reserve affects seed germination, seedling growth and biomass allocation across a damage gradient from 0% to 96% biomass loss.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We show that, although partial granivory reduces seedling growth (e.g. total biomass and number of leaves), it does not significantly affect seed germination or the overall biomass allocation of seedlings (e.g. leaf mass fraction and root:shoot biomass ratio). Seedlings from seeds more preyed upon have higher specific leaf area, indicating that they tend to grow larger but less protected leaves against herbivores, perhaps to compete for light.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. As seeds dispersed through scatter‐hoarding granivores have evolved relatively large sizes, like Fagaceae acorns, our findings demonstrate that this type of seeds may tolerate partial granivory in exchange for high dispersal efficiency. This study opens new perspectives to our understanding of seed size diversity and evolution. We conclude that seed size per se is a defensive trait, that large seeds counteract potential losses of seed reserve to escape full predation and allow germination.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rooting depth and specific leaf area modify the impact of experimental drought duration on temperate grassland species","authors":"Yvonne Künzi, Michaela Zeiter, Markus Fischer, Andreas Stampfli","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14468","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Due to climate change, temperate grasslands are being exposed to increasingly severe droughts. Concurrently, land‐use intensification is altering grasslands' functional composition by promoting fast‐growing, resource‐acquisitive species with high specific leaf area (SLA).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>How SLA affects the ability of grassland species to resist and recover from increasingly severe droughts and if deep roots improve their drought performance remains unclear. To investigate this, we established a common‐garden field experiment including temperate grassland species with SLAs of 17.9–39.3 mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and maximal rooting depths of 16–252 cm. After 1.5 years, we simulated droughts for 0, 79, 134, 177 and 220 days.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Drought effects on plant performance increased with drought length, reducing the survival of green tissue and annual biomass by up to ~50% across all 32 species considered. As plant‐available water remained in deep soil layers by the end of all treatments, deep roots mitigated the negative effect of increasing drought length on productivity in the later stage of drought and favoured productivity after a longer drought. The low‐to‐high SLA trait gradient among the 16 graminoid species seemed to represent alternative survival strategies ranging from dehydration tolerance to dehydration avoidance, rather than drought sensitivity. Variable drought responses along the SLA gradient of forbs imply that multiple other traits are related to drought resistance across evolutionarily distant species.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis.</jats:italic> Our results suggest that deep roots are beneficial for temperate grassland species subjected to longer periods without rainfall when plant‐available water is lacking in shallow soil layers but remaining in deep soil layers. In the face of increasing drought severity, we thus recommend (1) fostering deep‐rooted species in intensive grasslands on deep, productive soil and (2) directing further studies towards identifying management practices that support deep rooting in semi‐natural grasslands.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen content of herbarium specimens from arable fields and mesic meadows reflect the intensifying agricultural management during the 20th century","authors":"Paul Kühn, Raymond Umazekabiri, Christine Römermann, Helge Bruelheide, Karsten Wesche","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14474","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors state that no conflict of interest exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal shifts in plant diversity effects on above‐ground–below‐ground phenological synchrony","authors":"Ana E. Bonato Asato, Claudia Guimarães‐Steinicke, Gideon Stein, Berit Schreck, Teja Kattenborn, Anne Ebeling, Stefan Posch, Joachim Denzler, Tim Büchner, Maha Shadaydeh, Christian Wirth, Nico Eisenhauer, Jes Hines","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14470","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>The significance of biological diversity as a mechanism that optimizes niche breadth for resource acquisition and enhancing ecosystem functionality is well‐established. However, a significant gap remains in exploring temporal niche breadth, particularly in the context of phenological aspects of community dynamics. This study takes a unique approach by examining plant phenology, which has traditionally been focused on above‐ground assessments, and delving into the relatively unexplored realm of below‐ground processes. As a result, the influence of biological diversity on the synchronization of above‐ground and below‐ground dynamics is brought to the forefront, providing a novel perspective on this complex relationship.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In this study, community traits (including plant height and greenness) and soil processes (such as root growth and detritivore feeding activity) were meticulously monitored at 2‐week intervals over a year within an experimental grassland exhibiting a spectrum of plant diversity, ranging from monocultures to 60‐species mixtures.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our findings revealed that plant diversity increased yearly plant height, root growth and detritivore feeding activity, while enhancing the synchrony between above‐ground traits and soil dynamics. Soil microclimate also played a role in shaping the phenology of these traits and processes. However, plant diversity and soil microclimate on above‐ground traits and soil dynamics effects varied considerably in strength and direction across seasons, indicating a nuanced relationship between biodiversity, climate and ecosystem processes.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Notably, observations during the growing season unveiled a sequential pattern wherein peak plant community height preceded the onset of greenness. Meanwhile, root production commenced immediately after leaf senescence and persisted throughout winter. Although consistent throughout the year, detritivore activity exhibited pronounced peaks in the summer and late fall, albeit with notable variability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. The study underscores the dynamic interplay between plant diversity, above‐ground–below‐ground phenological patterns and ecosystem functioning. It suggests that plant diversity modulates above‐ground–below‐ground interdependence through intricate phenological dynamics, with the degree of synchrony fluctuating in response to the varying combination of processes and seasonal changes. Thus, by providing comprehensive within‐year data, the research elucidates the fundamental disparities in phenological patterns across shoots, roots and soil fauna activities, thereby emphasizing the pivotal role of plant diversity in shaping ecosystem processes.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global synthesis of the ecological effects of co-invasions","authors":"Rameez Ahmad, Showkeen A. Lone, Irfan Rashid, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14475","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More species, more trees: The role of tree packing in promoting forest productivity","authors":"Xavier Morin, Maude Toigo, Lorenz Fahse, Joannès Guillemot, Maxime Cailleret, Romain Bertrand, Eugénie Cateau, François de Coligny, Raúl García-Valdés, Sophia Ratcliffe, Louise Riotte-Lambert, Miguel A. Zavala, Patrick Vallet","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14460","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt;1 INTRODUCTION&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Despite having supplied humanity for millennia with many important goods and services (Brockerhoff et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; FAO and UNEP, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), forests have only recently received large international attention regarding their role in mitigating both climate change and the biodiversity crisis (FAO and UNEP, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Griscom et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Pachauri &amp; Meyer, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Many studies have shown that tree species diversity can foster forest productivity and carbon sequestration, resulting in positive diversity–productivity relationships (DPRs) (Brockerhoff et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Hooper et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Liang et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). This result is now well-established in the literature and has been corroborated by many methodological approaches relating biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF), including studies relying on forest inventories (Aussenac et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Liang et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Paquette &amp; Messier, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Ratcliffe et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Toigo et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;) or empirical observations (Jucker et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Pretzsch et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;), experiments (Sapijanskas et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Toïgo et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Williams et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;), and simulations with process-based models (Bohn &amp; Huth, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Maréchaux &amp; Chave, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Morin et al., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;DPRs have been assumed to result mostly from species complementarity in resources uptake and use-efficiency (Barry et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), thus primarily depending on niche partitioning between species. In the case of forests, niche partitioning can occur through root spatial stratification (Cabal et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), but most evidence concerns light uptake as forest dynamics are generally strongly driven by light availability (Pacala et al., &lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;; Rüger et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), leading to a size-asymmetric competition (Cordonnier et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Schwinning &amp; Weiner, &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). Niche partitioning may lead to a more efficient use of canopy volume in multispecific forests than in monospecific ones and to an increased light interception at the ecosystem level (Guillemot et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Rissanen et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Williams et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). This ‘canopy packing’ effect has thus been proposed as a key mechanism explaining the positive effect of species diversity on forest productivity (Morin et al., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;), and has been evidenced in both temperate (Jucker et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Pretzsch, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Williams et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;) and tropical forests (Sapijanskas et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The optimization of canopy packing in multispecific stands is usually explained by two complementary processes: neighbourhood-driven plasticity in crown shape and volum","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the long-term dynamics of vegetation since 1953 in high-mountain regions","authors":"Katharina Ramskogler, Léon Lepesant, Erich Tasser","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14472","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt;1 INTRODUCTION&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Understanding the intricate relationship between environmental changes and vegetation distribution is a key challenge in ecological research, particularly in light of accelerating climate change (IPCC, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Alpine ecosystems, with their high sensitivity to climate change, are an important starting point for analysing these effects. In general, alpine plant species are expected to undergo substantial shifts in habitat range and community structure (Engler et al., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Gottfried et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Thuiller et al., &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;). For example, there can be typically observed an upward migration of lower-elevation species and an upward shift of the treeline, which illustrate the profound ecological transformations that are currently ongoing (Gottfried et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; He et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Malfasi &amp; Cannone, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;However, such vegetation responses to climate change are not uniform. Species range adjustments are observed, with particularly fast dynamics at the treeline, and at lower alpine and nival belts (Cannone et al., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; He et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Pauli et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). Evidence suggests that the range of cold-adapted species is shrinking (Lamprecht et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;), while lower-elevation species migrate more rapidly upslope, which increases local species richness but also leads to more competition for space (Steinbauer et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Wipf et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). This thermophilisation of assemblages (Gottfried et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Lamprecht et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Rumpf et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) is driven especially by a prolongation of the growing season, increased energy availability, and changes in precipitation types (Filippa et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Pauli et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Vitasse et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Besides these direct climatic effects, vegetation distribution is also modulated by a complex interplay of other factors, including nutrient availability, soil development, and land use changes, while being mediated by individual adaptation and species interactions (Bektaş et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Bellard et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Bourgeois et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Martinez-Almoyna et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Rogora et al., &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;; Tasser &amp; Tappeiner, &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;; Theurillat et al., &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;; Wipf et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). For instance, changes in land use, such as abandonment or intensification of pasture use, play a crucial role in the distribution of plant species, as they facilitate or suppress species and thus contribute to the homogenisation of communities, regardless of their natural elevation distribution (Gehrig-Fasel et al., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Hülber et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Niedrist et al., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Tasser et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The dynamic framework emerging from this interp","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic particles and their additives promote plant invasion through physicochemical mechanisms on seed germination","authors":"Yudi M. Lozano, Lena Landt, Matthias C. Rillig","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14476","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt;1 INTRODUCTION&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Terrestrial biodiversity is rapidly decreasing as a consequence of several factors of global change, including soil pollution (IPBES, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Of particular concern is pollution with microplastics (plastic particles &lt;5 mm), which is recognized as an important threat to ecosystems worldwide (Sigmund et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Microplastics can contaminate terrestrial systems through soil amendments, plastic mulching, irrigation, flooding, atmospheric input and littering or street run-off (Rochman et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), with both positive and negative effects on plant–soil systems (Boots et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Huang et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). For instance, in European grasslands, the biomass of the native species &lt;i&gt;Daucus carota&lt;/i&gt; can increase in response to the presence of microplastic films in the soil (Huang et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Lozano, Lehnert, et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). This effect is thought to occur because plastic particles could improve soil properties such as porosity and aeration (de Souza Machado et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Lozano, Aguilar-Trigueros, et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). By contrast, the biomass of the native species &lt;i&gt;Lolium perenne&lt;/i&gt; may decrease (Boots et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), presumably due to toxic effects from microplastic leachates. However, not only are native plants affected by microplastics, invasive plants may potentially benefit from microplastic pollution due to traits that enhance their ability to thrive in polluted environments (Lozano &amp; Rillig, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Research shows that microplastic fibres can enhance the growth of species of invasive character such as the range-expanding species &lt;i&gt;Calamagrostis epigejos&lt;/i&gt; (Lozano &amp; Rillig, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Microplastic beads can increase fine root biomass and photosynthesis efficiency in invasive plants compared to native species under dry–wet water cycles (Zhang et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Also, microplastic fragments may have negligible effects on the growth of the invasive plant &lt;i&gt;Solidago canadensis&lt;/i&gt;, while having negative effects on its native counterpart &lt;i&gt;Solidago decurrens&lt;/i&gt; (Li et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). This advantage can be expected, as invasive species could benefit more from the novel environmental conditions created by microplastics, such as changes in soil water content, aeration, microbial activity and aggregation (de Souza Machado et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Lozano, Aguilar-Trigueros, et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). In addition, invasive species can possess advantageous traits that might help them to avoid or better tolerate microplastic pollution (Lozano &amp; Rillig, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), enabling them to thrive in human-altered environments (Montesinos, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), which are most likely the ones exposed to higher levels of plastic pollution. Nonetheless, microplastics can also inhibit the establishment of invasive plants like &lt;i&gt;Amaranthus palmeri&lt;/i&gt; (Meng ","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}