Journal of Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Leaf and root economics space in Fraxinus mandshurica: A test of the multidimensional trait framework within species","authors":"Rihan Da, Huaijiang He, Zhonghui Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao, Klaus von Gadow, Chunyu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Andean grassland stability across spatial scales increases with camelid grazing intensity despite biotic homogenization","authors":"Ana Patricia Sandoval-Calderon, Maarten J. J. Meijer, Shaopeng Wang, Marijke van Kuijk, Pita Verweij, Yann Hautier","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt;1 INTRODUCTION&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Grazing by herbivores is a key factor shaping the biodiversity, functioning and stability of grassland ecosystems worldwide (Eskelinen et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Olff &amp; Ritchie, &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;; Wang et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Earlier research has demonstrated that while grazing may lead to either increases (Eskelinen et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) or decreases (Sandoval-Calderon et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) in local plant diversity, contingent upon the nature and extent of grazing pressure, it usually leads to a reduction in plant biomass (Milchunas et al., &lt;span&gt;1988&lt;/span&gt;). Additionally, these changes can arise via indirect effects of herbivores on the amount and distribution of soil nutrients via litter, dung and urine, as well as influencing soil compaction, erosion, organic matter redistribution, pH and hydrological processes (Eldridge &amp; Delgado-Baquerizo, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Eskelinen et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Consequently, both plant diversity and biomass undergo dynamic changes with increasing grazing intensities, potentially influencing the temporal stability of these ecosystems (Ganjurjav et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Hautier et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Liang et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Qin et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The temporal stability of productivity, measured as the temporal mean of productivity divided by its standard deviation, has been the centre of ecological research in the last decades (Hautier et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Hautier &amp; van der Plas, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Hector et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Tilman et al., &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;). It indicates an ecosystem's capacity to sustain consistent biomass production across different years despite environmental fluctuations (Wilcox et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Recently, a mounting body of studies has explored the influence of grazing on the stability of grassland communities (Chen et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Liang et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Qin et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Song et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Results from these studies are mixed, with evidence of positive (e.g. Hallett et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;), neutral (e.g. Bluthgen et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) or negative (e.g. Qin et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) impacts. A recent study proposes that these seemingly contradictory results can be explained by the impact of grazing on plant diversity (Liang et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). That is, in line with numerous studies demonstrating that biodiversity enhances temporal stability (Hautier et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Isbell et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Tilman et al., &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;), grazing should decrease stability when it decreases plant diversity and vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;However, these studies have traditionally been based on experimental manipulation of herbivores, focusing on plant responses at the local scale. While these experiments allow establishing the causal effects of herbivores on plant diversity and functional stability, the","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The afterlife effects of leaf and root litter traits on soil N cycling","authors":"Janna Wambsganss, Raoul Huys, Hättenschwiler Stephan, Vincent Poirier, Alison D. Munson, Grégoire T. Freschet","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70011","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt;1 INTRODUCTION&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Nitrogen (N) is the dominant element in the Earth's atmosphere, and an important constituent of the biosphere, yet it often limits ecosystem productivity owing to its near-absence in bedrock (LeBauer &amp; Treseder, &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;). The availability of N to plants is mainly controlled by organic matter decomposition, during which organic N is immobilized as it becomes incorporated in microbial biomass, or mineralized, that is converted into inorganic forms (Figure 1). The inorganic N content in the soil solution is strongly determined by the rate of net N mineralization (Li et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Schimel &amp; Bennett, &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;), that is when mineralized N exceeds microbial demand. It is also important for ecosystem productivity as inorganic N is the predominant source of N for plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;figure&gt;&lt;picture&gt;\u0000&lt;source media=\"(min-width: 1650px)\" srcset=\"/cms/asset/996e9ed4-a03b-451d-ba51-738a8e3c65a7/jec70011-fig-0001-m.jpg\"/&gt;&lt;img alt=\"Details are in the caption following the image\" data-lg-src=\"/cms/asset/996e9ed4-a03b-451d-ba51-738a8e3c65a7/jec70011-fig-0001-m.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"/cms/asset/bc405334-27ba-4712-9022-6a54fb615aaa/jec70011-fig-0001-m.png\" title=\"Details are in the caption following the image\"/&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;figcaption&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIGURE 1&lt;span style=\"font-weight:normal\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div&gt;Open in figure viewer&lt;i aria-hidden=\"true\"&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;PowerPoint&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;Schematic overview of pools and fluxes related to N dynamics during decomposition. Inspired by Geisseler et al. (&lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;), Averill and Waring (&lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;), Cotrufo et al. (&lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), Jilling et al. (&lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) and Zhang et al. (&lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/figcaption&gt;\u0000&lt;/figure&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The rate and temporal dynamics of N mineralization and release in the soil solution, and its incorporation into soil fractions are of fundamental importance for plant growth and ecosystem productivity. Yet, our knowledge of how litter decomposition drives N dynamics and affects the fate of N in the soil is still rather limited. Nitrogen dynamics during decomposition in soils are affected by various abiotic (e.g. soil properties; Villarino et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) and biotic (e.g. rhizodeposition; Berenstecher et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Jilling et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) parameters. Yet, multiple studies have shown that initial litter chemistry may be the predominant influence on N dynamics during decomposition and eventually on the quantity of inorganic N in the soil solution (Chen et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Orwin et al., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Trinsoutrot, Recous, Bentz, et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Trinsoutrot, Recous, Mary, et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; van Huysen et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). As such, ample evidence exists that the initial litter N concentration and the C/N ratio strongly affect litter net N release, that is the loss of N measured by changes in litter N concentration (Kriiska et al., &lt;span&gt;2021","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling above- and below-ground ecological strategies that underlie woody plant encroachment in grasslands","authors":"Raissa I. L. Jardim, Márcia C. M. Marques, Marta R. B. do Carmo, Pedro O. Cavalin, Ricardo A. C. de Oliveira, Marcos B. Carlucci","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant species loss reduces rare soil microbes through diversity effects amplified by multitrophic interactions","authors":"Jie Li, Yanan Wei, Ruixue Lv, Weixing Liu, Kechang Niu","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Evidence is mounting that plant diversity loss erodes ecosystem function by altering biochemical processes regulated by diverse organisms both above‐ground and below‐ground. However, we know little about how loss of plant diversity influences soil biodiversity, especially whether loss of ecologically rare and/or functionally distinctive plants leads to reduction in rare soil microbes associated with soil multifunctionality.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In species‐rich alpine meadow communities on the Tibetan Plateau, we conducted a 12‐year plant species removal experiment to reveal the effects on soil biodiversity of losing many ecologically rare and functionally distinctive forbs versus the loss of the few dominant sedges and several common species.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found that the removal of rare forbs, rather than dominant species and common plants, significantly decreased the richness of soil bacteria and fungi by decreasing rare microbial taxa in later years. This decline in the richness of rare microbial taxa was attributable not only to the decreased plant species richness but also to the increased abundance of fungivorous and omnivorous nematodes.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. The study revealed that the loss of rare plants induces the loss of rare soil microbes through plant diversity effects amplified by below‐ground multitrophic interactions. Loss of rare soil microbes triggers larger shifts in the microbial community that alter soil biodiversity, food web structure and community functioning.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazing regulates temperate grassland multidimensional stability facing extreme winter snowfall reductions by influencing below‐ground bud density","authors":"Tongtian Guo, Hao Zhang, Meiqi Guo, Gaowen Yang, Hengkang Xu, Xin Jing, Nan Liu, Yingjun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Global climate changes increased the frequency of snowfall reduction events in the Northern Hemisphere, consequently suppressing plant productivity. Grazing, the most widespread use of grasslands, influences productivity in response to climatic extremes by shaping community structure. Since grazing could disrupt normal plant growth and reproduction, rest from grazing at various stages of the growing season may have different effects on above‐ and below‐ground community properties. However, how grazing or grazing rest at different stages of growing season affects grassland stability when facing extreme snowfall reduction remains unclear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We investigated the multidimensional stability (resistance, resilience, recovery and temporal stability) of above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) under a time‐dependent strategic‐rest grazing practice (rest in early, peak and late growing stage) experiment, during which a natural extreme snowfall reduction event occurred. We also assessed plant richness, dominance, asynchrony, key functional group stability and below‐ground bud density to explore the mechanisms underlying multidimensional stability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found that extreme snowfall reduction significantly decreased grassland ANPP under all grazing practices. However, grazing with short‐term rest during the peak growing stage significantly enhanced ANPP, improved resistance and recovery from extreme snowfall reduction, and consequently greatly improved the temporal stability compared to continuous grazing. In contrast, the grazing rest during the early and late growing stages did not improve temporal stability of ANPP. Meanwhile, resilience was not affected by grazing practices. The benefits of peak rest primarily arise from allowing the formation of sufficient below‐ground buds before and after extreme events. Notably, changes in community properties (such as diversity or asynchrony) resulting from the rest were not correlated with resistance and recovery. Additionally, the increases in grass bud density from the peak rest indirectly contributed to temporal stability by enhancing the stability of perennial rhizome grass and preserving community composition.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis.</jats:italic> These findings underscore the essential role of plant below‐ground buds in sustaining stable grassland productivity in response to snowfall reduction and also suggest that grassland management strategies should account for the protection of plant asexual reproductive organs, which contributes to grassland sustainability in the face of future climate change.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing resilience of European beech tree to recurrent extreme drought events through ring growth, wood anatomy and stable isotopes","authors":"Guangqi Zhang, Nathalie Bréda, Nicolas Steil, Pierre‐Antoine Gaertner, Joseph Levillain, Julien Ruelle, Catherine Massonnet","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Recent extreme drought events in Central Europe have caused widespread forest dieback with detrimental effects on forest functioning and carbon and water balance. This impact has been notable on European beech (<jats:italic>Fagus sylvatica</jats:italic> L.), particularly at the core of its distribution, causing concern among forest stakeholders and questions about the resilience capacity of beech trees. The objective of this study is to investigate the physiological processes linked to water and carbon constraints involved in the resilience of beech cambial growth to drought.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We selected 56 beech trees distributed in four plots in north‐eastern France with different soil water deficits characterized retrospectively by a water balance model. Functional traits including tree ring width, wood anatomical traits and stable isotopes (e.g. δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C and δ<jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O) were measured to retrospectively assess the effect of recent recurrent drought in 2015, 2018–2020, and 2022.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Decreased tree growth and increased δ<jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) were observed due to soil water shortage, whereas xylem vessel size and theoretical specific xylem hydraulic conductivity (<jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sub>th</jats:sub>) did not show obvious changes. Vessel density was negatively correlated with annual ring width index and was highly sensitive to drought. δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C, δ<jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O and iWUE were not significantly related to tree ring width index. The plot that experienced the most severe drought intensity in 2018–2020 showed a significant decrease in tree growth resistance and resilience compared to its resistance and resilience during the 2015 drought event. Surprisingly, growth resilience was not associated with tree anatomical and isotopic traits.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. Our results demonstrate that beech xylem structure responds to drought by adjusting the radial growth of tree rings with a relatively stable vessel diameter. Our study also highlights the impact of consecutive or recurrent drought in reducing beech tree resistance and resilience, particularly at sites with higher drought intensity. Tree resilience does not seem to involve changes in traits that would promote the hydraulic functioning to better cope with future soil water shortages.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labile carbon input alleviates nitrogen‐induced community instability in a meadow steppe","authors":"Liangchao Jiang, Jing Wang, Guojiao Yang, Qiushi Ning, Yinliu Wang, Shuo Li, Lingfei Yu, Huajie Liu, Xiaotao Lü, Yong Jiang, Xingguo Han, Cunzheng Wei, Haiyang Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Global nitrogen (N) deposition continues to threaten plant diversity and ecosystem stability despite a recent slowdown in its increasing rates. Labile carbon (C) may help reduce excess N by alleviating microbial C starvations, but their role in mitigating the harmful effects of N enrichment remains unclear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In a meadow steppe in northern China, we conducted a 9‐year (2014–2022) field experiment with six levels of historical N addition (0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 g N m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 2014–2019) and three levels of labile C (0, 200, and 2000 g C m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Three years after ceasing N treatments (2020–2022), above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) remained high under N addition. However, species richness and community stability continued to decline with increasing N addition rates. Labile C addition reduced the dominance of certain plant species within the community while it enhanced species asynchrony and below‐ground net primary productivity (BNPP). Boosted regression tree models indicated that the high levels of labile C inputs improved community stability by enhancing BNPP, which increased the relative importance of BNPP to the community stability from 7.5% to 27.4% as labile C input rose.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. Our results highlight how labile C inputs can counteract the negative impacts of N enrichment on community stability via enhancing plant‐microbe competition and increasing below‐ground biomass allocation.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"80 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local adaptation is highly dependent on common garden conditions where seeds were propagated: Evidence from a 7‐year study on a dominant alpine meadow species","authors":"Dali Chen, Cunzhi Jia, Xiaohua Zhao, Zhen Yuan, Xinping Luo, Jinglong Bao, Hang Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Xiaowen Hu","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.14491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14491","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Combining common garden experiments with reciprocal transplant or sowing experiments is widely used to assess local adaptation in plants. This approach effectively minimizes the potential influence of maternal environments derived from seed origin. However, the impact of divergent common garden environments on local adaptation assessment has received limited attention in previous studies.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>To investigate the effects of diverse common garden conditions on the assessment of local adaptation, we conducted a 2‐year common garden experiment followed by a 5‐year reciprocal sowing experiment, both carried out at two different elevations. Seeds from low‐ and high‐elevation populations of <jats:italic>Elymus nutans</jats:italic> were directly sown in the common garden experiment to propagate seeds for the subsequent reciprocal sowing experiment. Multiple traits, including seedling emergence, survival, plant height, above‐ground biomass, number of reproductive branches, and the number of seeds per individual, were measured in both experiments. This comprehensive method allowed us to examine variations in local adaptation across different growth age and life cycle stages.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The original low‐elevation population consistently outperformed the foreign population at the low‐elevation site, regardless of whether seeds were propagated in low or high‐elevation common gardens, indicating clear local adaptation. In contrast, the original high‐elevation population showed local adaptation only when seeds were propagated in the low‐elevation common garden. Long‐term experiments revealed a gradual decline in the strength of local adaptation in <jats:italic>E. nutans</jats:italic> over the years. Local adaptation was most evident in the number of seeds, with smaller advantages observed in seedling survival and a number of reproductive branches. No evidence of local adaptation was detected in other traits.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis.</jats:italic> The local adaptation of <jats:italic>Elymus nutans</jats:italic> was primarily observed during early growth age since seeding and was highly dependent on the common garden conditions in which the seeds were propagated. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully consider common garden conditions when evaluating plant local adaptation through common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disequilibrium in plant distributions: Challenges and approaches for species distribution models","authors":"Brody Sandel, Cory Merow, Pep Serra-Diaz, Jens-Christian Svenning","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT</h2>\u0000<p>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}