{"title":"Triangular modulation technique for digital data transmission","authors":"S. Monaco","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179670","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel technique for digital data modulation and demodulation called triangular modulation (TM). The modulation technique was developed primarily to maximize the amount of data sent over a limited bandwidth channel while still maintaining very good noise rejection and signal distortion performance. The modulation technique involves breaking digital data into a series of parallel words. Each word is then represented by one half period of a triangular waveform whose slope is proportional to the value of the parallel word it represents. The demodulation technique for this uniquely defined waveform involves first digitizing the waveform at a higher constant sampling rate. A linear regression algorithm using the method of least squares is then used to compute the slope of the digitized waveform to a very high precision. This process is repeated for each rising and falling edge of the triangular modulated waveform. All encoded data is extracted by precise slope computation since each slope uniquely defines the encoded data word it represents. The ability of the demodulation algorithm to compute the exact slope of the modulated waveform determines how many bits can be represented by the modulated waveform. Transmission channel bandwidth limitations determine the allowable range of slopes used. Several simulations are performed to provide a sample of how the modulation method will perform in various real world environments. The paper also discusses several application areas where the modulation technique will provide superior results over other modulation methods.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122712033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distance ADaptive (DAD) broadcasting for ad hoc networks","authors":"Xiaohu Chen, M. Faloutsos, S. Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179590","url":null,"abstract":"In mobile ad hoc networks, it is often necessary to broadcast control information to all the constituent nodes in the network. Possible applications include searching for a destination node (as a part of routing) or a particular service such as DNS look-up. Flooding, which is often deployed to achieve the above objective, is expensive in terms of overhead and wastes valuable resources such as bandwidth and power. An improvement to flooding is to choose probabilistically a subset of nodes to rebroadcast. In this paper, we propose to use the signal-strength to improve the efficiency of broadcasting. We propose a protocol to select a set of nodes for rebroadcasting on the basis of their relative distance from the previous broadcast. We show how we can use the signal strength as an estimate of the relative node distance. Our simulations indicate that our approach can increase the efficiency of broadcasting significantly. Our simulations show that we can achieve the same coverage with approximately 20% less rebroadcasts. In addition, the time taken by the global broadcast is also reduced by more than 20%.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131528549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RISE: reducing interference and saving energy through multicasting in ad hoc wireless networks","authors":"K. Wang, C. Chiasserini, J. Proakis, R. Rao","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179581","url":null,"abstract":"We develop an approach that makes use of directional antennas to improve the performance of multicasting in ad hoc wireless networks. We first assume that multicast trees are known for all the active sessions. The antenna beamwidth at the network nodes is determined in such a way that both the nodes' transmit power and the interference among simultaneous transmissions are reduced, while the signal power at the intended receivers remains unchanged. We propose a model to study the performance improvement that results solely from interference reduction by using directional antennas. The proposed approach is then applied to a simple distributed algorithm for multicast tree construction and the performance is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127673862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. L. Tapp, R. Mickelson, R. A. Groshong, C. Behmlander, J. T. Graf, J. Whited
{"title":"Turbo-detected coded continuous-phase modulation for military UHF satellite communications","authors":"T. L. Tapp, R. Mickelson, R. A. Groshong, C. Behmlander, J. T. Graf, J. Whited","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1180430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1180430","url":null,"abstract":"The joint iterative demodulation and decoding of coded continuous-phase modulation (CPM) has been shown to offer near-optimal performance for constant envelope signalling in additive white Gaussian noise. An in-depth trade study of the parameters for such a system is used to derive the optimal waveform parameters for a variety of channels. In particular, the optimal parameters are selected for the military 25-kHz UHF follow-on (UFO) satellite communications (SATCOM) channel. A set of four waveforms are defined for that application that provide a range of power-efficient and bandwidth-efficient solutions, with data rates from 56 kbps to 80 kbps. Each operates within the typical link margins available for UHF SATCOM and meets typical (MIL-STD-188-181B) adjacent channel interference specifications. The implementation of a prototype modem using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware is described.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127760286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bandlimited covert data communications using zinc waveforms","authors":"M.S. Nowak, J. LoCicero, D. Ucci","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179615","url":null,"abstract":"A covert data communications signal is generated with zinc waveforms, which are formed from a complete set of mutually orthogonal zinc basis functions. It is shown that the data signal is covert since it is noise-like in the time-domain with a white and strictly bandlimited spectrum. The zinc data waveform is a baseband signal that can be compactly represented in a two-dimensional signal space, as a baseband phase shift keyed (PSK) signal. Two demodulation techniques are developed and symbol error rate performance presented. Zinc waveforms am also employed as a spreading signal in a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication system. The zinc DSSS signal is seen to be more covert than a standard binary pseudo-noise (PN) DSSS signal. Bit error rate performance is obtained for zinc DSSS systems, and compared to PN DSSS systems. The zinc communication systems outperform the more conventional communication systems and afford significant covert signal transmission.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132694292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of ground segment broadcast architectures for the Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS)","authors":"R.A. Williams, H. Paul","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179689","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to summarize the findings of an assessment tasked by the joint staff regarding the broadcast ground segment architecture for the Wideband Gapfiller Satellite (WGS). WGS has the capability to permit Global Broadcast Service (GBS) injection at either Ka-band (30 GHz) or X-band (8-GHz), and be cross-banded and received by current GBS receive-only suites at 20-GHz. Original plans were to buy three new GBS Ka-band injection terminals to support GBS on WGS; however, to save costs, one alternative is to use existing DSCS X-band terminals to perform the GBS injection on WGS with crossbanding to the current Ka-band GBS receive suites. Then, as UHF Follow-On (UFO) GBS satellites reach their end of life, the existing Ka-band GBS injection terminals will replace the X-band injection, freeing the latter for other missions. This paper examines various options and provides recommendations for GBS injection on WGS in consideration of the available Xand Ka-band bandwidth and the corresponding antenna coverage issues. This paper also discusses an option for GBS reception at X-band for sites with existing X-band two-way services. Based on this capability, the paper shows options for a Ka-only GBS, cross-banded Ka-to-X band GBS, X-to-Ka-band GBS, and X-to-X-band GBS. Planned use of these options will provide coverage flexibility and ease the current planning burden and will minimize the amount of beam movement to achieve desired worldwide coverage goals.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134252491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel scaleable architecture for intrusion detection and mitigation in switched networks","authors":"E. L. Witzke, T. Tarman, S. Ghosh, G. Woodard","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1180474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1180474","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed, switched networks present scalability challenges to a network intrusion detection system, both in terms of the volume of data that must be analyzed, and the extent to which sensors must be inserted into the switched network to achieve comprehensive visibility. An architecture that uses a single point for intrusion assessment would quickly become overwhelmed with incoming event data from intrusion sensors that are deployed on even a moderate number of high-speed links. This is particularly true if an earnest attack (generating many events in a short period of time) is underway. The authors propose a novel architecture that hierarchically distributes the assessment function into two assessment categories - tactical assessment, and strategic assessment. The tactical assessment function provides low-level event correlation and decision making for a small sub-network (e.g., a department LAN, an ATM switch peer group, etc.), and is capable of providing fast, real-time response when millisecond response times are required due to network attacks. The strategic assessment function, on the other hand, implements high-level event correlation, which is useful when a larger view of the network is required (e.g., for low intensity or distributed attacks). The tactical assessment engines interface to the strategic assessment engine by, filtering and summarizing low-level events, ensuring that the strategic assessment engine's workload remains manageable. This paper describes the distributed intrusion assessment architecture in more detail, presents a few application scenarios that benefit from hierarchical attack assessment, and summarizes ongoing work in developing prototype components for this architecture.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134590965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"OFDM transmitter power amplifier and PAR reduction performance: measurement and simulation","authors":"S. Gifford, J. Kleider, S. Chuprun","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1180510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1180510","url":null,"abstract":"Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is known to exhibit high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR), which may limit the average transmitted power output from a nonlinear power amplifier (PA). We evaluate spectral regrowth and bit-error-rate (BER) performance characteristics when applying OFDM PAR reduction techniques, while integrated to a fixed output level \"class A\" transmit amplifier. Any potential degradation resulting from the transmitter baseband-to-IF conversion and PA, and the receiver IF-to-baseband conversion, is represented. Through proper modeling of the transmitter PA characteristics, and the transmitter-receiver conversion processes, the transmitted spectrum can be predicted using simulation with remarkable agreement to actual measurements. The complete software defined radio transceiver model demonstrates the expected BER degradations at various PA input backoff operating points. A promising solution to increase the average transmitted power using PAR reduction based on Tellado's method (Tellado, J. and Cioffi, J.M., ANSI Document T1E1.4, Technical Subcommittee no.97-367, 98-083; ITU, Q4/15, no.D-150; Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Inf. Theory, p.191, 1998) is presented. A 2.1 dB improvement in input back off (IBO) of the PA is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114152797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IP roaming over cellular digital video broadcast networks","authors":"R. Segura","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1180486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1180486","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid deployments of multi-national forces involve the quick formation of wide area networks over a deployed IP backbone infrastructure. Networks provided by each nation in the coalition shall be able to dock wirelessly into the terrestrial IP network after they deploy in theatre, and ultimately roam across a cellular access network for executing their mission. In order to enable the provision of wideband data services to nomadic networks, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Digital Video Broadcast technology (DVB) is proposed to implement a wideband broadcast cellular infrastructure. Commercial mobile routing protocols, adapted to operate over unidirectional (broadcast) channels, build the core technology for supporting IP roaming and broadband data delivery in these scenarios. Various narrowband media allow the roving networks to transmit back into the fixed network, under a highly bandwidth-asymmetric, split-path network configuration.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116763767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A low complexity blind space-time multiuser detector for multipath fading channel in DS/CDMA systems","authors":"Tae-Sung Kang, Hyung-Myung Kim","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.2002.1179667","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a low complexity blind space-time multiuser detector for multipath fading channel in DS/CDMA systems. The conventional blind space-time multiuser detector uses MOE (minimum output energy) detectors to suppress interference and MRC (maximum ratio combiner) to obtain spatial and temporal diversity. But this receiver has disadvantage that the number of MOE detectors grows with the number of resolvable multipaths. The proposed space-time multiuser detector reduces the number of detectors using a MV (minimum variance) detection scheme. It is shown that one MV detector has the same performance as many MOE detectors as the number of multipaths. From this result, fewer blind multiuser detectors are required in the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that MV detector has the same performance as MOE detectors with MRC and the proposed scheme exhibits better performance than the conventional scheme.","PeriodicalId":191931,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 2002. Proceedings","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117279267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}