Neurological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Neurological findings in a cohort of adults with down syndrome.","authors":"Nicola Grotteschi, Magali Jane Rochat, Virginia Pollarini, Alessandro Ghezzo, Camilla Pellegrini, Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura, Raffaele Lodi, Caterina Tonon, Pietro Cortelli, Maria Giulia Bacalini, Gian Luca Pirazzoli, Luisa Sambati","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08195-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08195-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to describe the results of a comprehensive neurological assessment conducted on a cohort of 70 adults with Down syndrome (DS), aged 21 to 74 years, recruited in Bologna, Italy. Neurocognitive disorder (NcD) was identified in 28.6% of participants and showed a significant association with psychiatric disorders (p=0.03). Psychiatric conditions were present in 40% of the cohort, while Down Syndrome Regression Disorder (DSRD) was diagnosed in 7.1%. Transient loss of consciousness affected 28.6% of individuals. Epilepsy, observed in 7.1%, was significantly associated with NcD (p=0.02). Neurological examination revealed that stereotypic movements correlated with DSRD (p<0.01), tics with obsessive-compulsive disorders (p=0.01), and hypokinetic movement disorders with psychotic conditions (p=0.03). Additionally, nystagmus and cerebellar signs were significantly associated with elevated serum bilirubin levels (p<0.01). These findings underscore the high prevalence and complexity of neurological comorbidities in adults with DS, emphasizing the need for specialized, multidisciplinary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"3639-3649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering correlation assumptions in meta analyses of migraine prophylaxis.","authors":"Rishu Raj, Arkansh Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08202-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08202-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"4069-4070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic breathing arm syndrome.","authors":"Ragavendar Bhuvaneswaran, Jayaram Saibaba, Ramkumar Sugumaran, Sunil K Narayan, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08203-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08203-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"4081-4085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of Alzheimer's disease risk prediction: a systematic review.","authors":"Sophia Nazir","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08167-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08167-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent kind of age-associated dementia among older adults globally. Traditional diagnostic models for predicting Alzheimer's disease risks primarily rely on demographic and clinical data to develop policies and assess probabilities. However, recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and other artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in developing personalized risk models. These models use specific patient data from medical imaging and related reports. In this systematic review, different studies comprehensively examined the use of ML in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), genetics, radiomics, and medical data for Alzheimer's disease risk assessment. I highlighted the results of our rigorous analysis of this research and emphasized the exciting potential of ML methods for Alzheimer's disease risk prediction. We also looked at current research projects and possible uses of AI-driven methods to enhance Alzheimer's disease risk prediction and enable more efficient investigating and individualized risk mitigation strategies.</p><p><strong>Aim and methods: </strong>This review integrates both conventional and AI-based models to thoroughly analyze neuroimaging and non-neuroimaging features used in Alzheimer's disease prediction. This study examined factors related to imaging, radiomics, genetics, and clinical aspects. In addition, this study comprehensively presented machine learning for predicting the risk of Alzheimer's disease detection to benefit both beginner and expert researchers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 700 publications from 2000 and 2024, were initially retrieved, out of which 120 studies met the inclusion criteria and were elected for review. The diagnosis of neurological disorders, along with the application of deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) were central themes in studies on the subject. When analyzing the medical implementation or design of innovative models, various machine learning models applied to neuroimaging and non-neuroimaging data may help researchers and clinicians become more informed. This review provides an extensive guide to the state of Alzheimer's disease risk assessment with artificial AI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By integrating diverse neuroimaging and non-neuroimaging data sources, this study provides researchers with an alternative viewpoint on the application of AI in Alzheimer's disease risk prediction emphasizing its potential to improve early diagnosis and personalized intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"3377-3390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-grade gliomas with autoimmune encephalitis-like presentation: case report and systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Giulia Sofia Cereda, Fabio M Doniselli, Francesco Deleo, Roberta Di Giacomo, Giuseppe Didato, Chiara Pastori, Giulia Battaglia, Elisa Visani, Elena Corsini, Emilio Ciusani, Gianluca Marucci, Angelo Del Sole, Marica Eoli, Flavio Villani, Marco de Curtis, Andrea Stabile","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08159-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08159-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) consists of a heterogeneous group of inflammatory disorders affecting the central nervous system. Since several conditions, including primary brain tumors, can mimic AIE, diagnosis may be challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report the case of a 69-year-old woman initially diagnosed and treated for a suspected AIE, who later received a histological diagnosis of glioblastoma. Based on this case, we performed a systematic review of the literature to identify cases of high-grade gliomas (HGG) with an AIE-like presentation. Data were collected from each article to characterize patient demographics, clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results, antibody profiling, neuroradiological and other findings, treatment options and outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 15 studies that described 21 patients were included in the literature revision. Median age was 59 years (range 32-86). Seizures were present in 17 patients. The first brain MRI did not reveal typical HGG features in any case. CSF analysis showed pleocytosis in 6 patients, increased protein content in 4, CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in 1 patient. Autoantibodies were detected in 8 patients. Four patients retrospectively met the 2016 criteria for a definite AIE diagnosis by Graus et al. The median diagnostic delay to the later diagnosis of glioma was 3 months (range 1-24). One patient was diagnosed post-mortem.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HGG may uncommonly have an AIE-like presentation, showing potentially initial overlapping clinical and radiological features. Moreover, HGG may present with CSF pleocytosis and elevated protein count, CSF-restricted OCBs, positive autoantibodies and transitory response to immunotherapy. Patients who initially meet AIE diagnostic criteria must be followed closely over time, as distinctive oncologic features may emerge later during the disease course.</p>","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"3559-3572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrospinal-fluid Orexin-A levels in different neurocognitive disorders: a comparison study.","authors":"Susana Lozano-Tovar, Riccardo Cremascoli, Marzia Nuccetelli, Giuseppe Sancesario, Stefania Cattaldo, Elisa Prina, Federico Verde, Simone Cappelli, Sergio Bernardini, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Claudio Liguori","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08148-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08148-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, we investigated the differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin-A levels among patients with different neurocognitive disorders, such as mild or moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD; mAD, msAD, respectively), behavioral variants of frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD), non-fluent primary aphasia (NFPA), and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). A total of 214 participants were evaluated (mAD, 45; msAD, 31; bv-FTD, 12; NFPA, 22; iNPH, 13; non-demented elderly controls, 91). The highest CSF orexin-A levels were found in iNPH patients (263.31 ± 56.89 pg/mL). Patients affected by NFPA (210.86 ± 61.99 pg/mL), iNPH, and msAD (173.04 ± 19.76 pg/mL) showed higher CSF orexin-A concentrations than controls (145.18 ± 27.01pg/mL) (p < 0.001). Bv-FTD (190.12 ± 100.84 pg/mL) and mAD (130.76 ± 21.70 pg/mL) patients showed no significant differences in CSF orexin-A levels compared with controls. mAD patients showed also lower CSF orexin-A concentrations than all other patient groups.In conclusion, orexin-A presents different CSF levels among neurocognitive disorders. The mechanisms underlying this difference vary and may include sleep-wake cycle impairment, behavioral disturbances, and CSF dynamics. The development of drugs that antagonize the orexin system could open a new frontier of research linking orexin neurotransmission to neurocognitive disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"3631-3638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Brivaracetam as adjunctive therapy in pediatric epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Malak A Hassan, Abdelaziz A Awad, Ahmed Marey, Ahmed Mostafa Amin, Ahmed Elshahat, Mohamed El-Moslemani, Ahmed Mansour, Shrouk Ramadan, Mohamed A Aldemerdash","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08185-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08185-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brivaracetam is a novel third-generation antiseizure medication and an analog of levetiracetam with selective affinity for synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A). By binding SV2A, brivaracetam decreases pre-synaptic neurotransmitter release.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of brivaracetam in pediatric epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) for relevant clinical and observational studies from inception until February 2024. We carried out statistical analysis using Open Meta-Analyst. Dichotomous data were pooled as proportions with a 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies with a total of 805 patients were identified. The analysis of four studies revealed the more than 50% responder rate in a cohort of 252 focal epilepsy patients to be 51.5% (95% CI: [32.6%, 70.5%]). The analysis of three studies involving a cohort of 266 patients found a 20.7% incidence (95% CI: [15.8%, 25.6%]) of complete seizure freedom. The analysis of nine studies involving a cohort of 737 epilepsy patients revealed a retention rate of 66% (95% CI: [40%, 92%]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of brivaracetam as adjunctive therapy in pediatric patients with epilepsy. The findings support its consideration as a valuable treatment option for children and adolescents, particularly those with drug-resistant epilepsy. Further trials with longer follow-up durations are needed to study the optimal doses and explore factors affecting drug response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"3525-3536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AChR-blocking antibodies and complement system dynamics: evaluating their interplay and clinical implications in myasthenia gravis.","authors":"Florencia Aguirre, Mariano E Justo, Lucía Cialdella, Mariela L Paz","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08137-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08137-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"4071-4072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulse control and related behavioral disorders in Parkinson's disease. Risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Is there a possible role for non-invasive brain stimulation?","authors":"Stefano Terruzzi, Lina Urh, Daniele Piscitelli, Mario Rosanova, Cecilia Perin","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08151-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08151-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Among the non-motor symptoms, Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) and related behaviors (ICBs), severely affect patient's global health. Despite their psychosocial consequences, ICDs are underrecognized in PD because routine screening is still not common. The main risk factor for ICDs is the use of dopamine agonists (DAs). Therefore, the latest guidelines on ICDs management emphasize pharmacological adjustments. However, these approaches are not always feasible due to the recurrence or worsening of motor and/or non-motor symptoms. As a result, there is an urgent need to find alternative solutions for the management of PD-ICDs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has shown promising results, improving not only patients' ICDs but also caregivers' well-being. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) seems instead effective for the motor symptoms of PD but is not indicated for ICDs. Finally, Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS - namely, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation), has shown the potential to improve motor and cognitive symptoms in PD by targeting the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Preventative strategies considering demographic, clinical, genetic, and cognitive risk factors could help identify individuals at very high vs. low risk of developing ICDs. These strategies may assist clinicians in making informed drug choices in PD patients, prioritizing L-dopa for motor symptoms management and evaluating additional approaches such as NIBS to prevent ICDs. However high-quality studies remain lacking, and further controlled trials are necessary to validate the effectiveness of these approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"3391-3403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and avatrombopag: two cases of coincident events.","authors":"Bernat Boy, Gloria Iacoboni, David Valcárcel, Carlos Molina, Marc Rodrigo-Gisbert","doi":"10.1007/s10072-025-08186-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10072-025-08186-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19191,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"4051-4055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}