New biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Establishing a cutting-edge protoplast technology platform for applying new genomic techniques in Cichorium spp","authors":"Adriana Fernanda Soria Garcia ,&nbsp;Silvia Farinati ,&nbsp;Samela Draga,&nbsp;Damiano Riommi,&nbsp;Giovanni Gabelli,&nbsp;Alessandro Vannozzi,&nbsp;Gianni Barcaccia,&nbsp;Fabio Palumbo","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genome editing technologies, especially those based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, have revolutionized crop breeding by enabling precise genetic modifications. Specifically, delivering preassembled ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes—consisting of the Cas9 endonuclease coupled to specific single guide RNAs (sgRNAs)—into protoplasts offers an effective DNA-free method that prevents the integration of foreign genetic material. Despite the availability of detailed protocols, establishing a standardized and efficient <em>in vitro</em> regeneration procedure—from protoplast isolation to whole plant regeneration—remains challenging due to significant variability in regeneration efficiency across different varieties and biotypes. Therefore, optimizing each step is essential to maximize the recovery of successful edited plants. In this study, we developed an efficient protocol for regenerating whole plants from protoplasts isolated from 12 representative Italian varieties of chicory and endive. We focused on leaf chicory and endive biotypes with high horticultural value, including Radicchio types, which are important targets for quality improvement. Our optimized platform supports protoplast isolation, PEG-mediated transfection, and plant regeneration, demonstrating promising potential for future genome editing applications. Notably, the high responsiveness of protoplasts to PEG-mediated transfection suggests that coupling this method with our regeneration procedure could facilitate the use of advanced biotechnological strategies. The combination of high transient transformation efficiency, versatile encapsulation techniques, and successful plant regeneration establishes chicory and endive as promising candidates for DNA-free genome editing via protoplasts, providing a technically precise approach with reduced environmental and economic impacts compared to conventional breeding methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 206-222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the compensation effect on the production of recombinant CD81-functionalized HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles and extracellular vesicles in HEK293 cells","authors":"Marc García-Trujillo ,&nbsp;Silvia Xiang Hernandez ,&nbsp;Francesc Gòdia ,&nbsp;Laura Cervera","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CD81 is a membrane protein of the tetraspanin family present in the tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). CD81 is incorporated in the surface of both Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using this feature a recombinant CD81 variant, incorporating a hexahistidine tag (His-tag) within its variable region, was designed to enable surface peptide display in HIV-1 Gag::eGFP virus-like particles (VLPs) and EVs. Immunofluorescence and immunogold analyses confirmed the correct localization of CD81-His-tag in the plasma membrane and its incorporation into both VLPs and EVs. However, co-expression of CD81-His-tag with Gag::eGFP led to a significant reduction (6.8-fold) in Gag::eGFP VLP production, that could be attributed to the overexpression burden associated to the co-expression of two recombinant proteins through transient transfection. Additionally, to study the compensation effect on the production and functionalization of VLPs and EVs, shRNA-mediated knockdowns were performed targeting proteins known to interact with CD81 in TEMs, including CD9, CD63, EWI-2, and EWI-F. The compensation effect on CD81-His-tag caused by shCD9 and shCD81-WT knockdowns allowed to maintain the levels of CD81-His-tag per particle while increasing particle production. These findings contribute to the development of engineered vesicles as platforms for peptide display in drug delivery, vaccines, and therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 298-312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive approach to optimized ultrasound stimulation for enhanced astaxanthin synthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis: The cultivation strategy","authors":"Ju Yeon Lee ,&nbsp;Jaewon Park ,&nbsp;Sang-Il Han ,&nbsp;Min Seo Jeon ,&nbsp;Yoon-E. Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astaxanthin, a ketocarotenoid, is a potent antioxidant, and the microalga <em>Haematococcus pluvialis</em> is one of the major natural producers of astaxanthin. In this study, a strategy utilizing ultrasound throughout the cultivation process was introduced to induce astaxanthin biosynthesis in <em>H. pluvialis</em>. The effects of various ultrasound intensities, treatment durations, and frequencies on both cell viability and astaxanthin induction were characterized and optimized. The optimized approach was then applied throughout the culture process for each stage, and the physiological effects of long-term ultrasound stimulation on <em>H. pluvialis</em> were analyzed. The results demonstrated a significant increase of 43.2 % in astaxanthin content compared to the control. Ultrasound, as a stress stimulus, not only promoted astaxanthin synthesis but also enhanced its intracellular accumulation by facilitating its distribution throughout the cell. These findings highlight the potential of ultrasound as an effective tool for enhancing astaxanthin production in <em>H. pluvialis</em>, contributing to the sustainable and cost-effective production of high-value antioxidants in the biotechnology industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the quorum sensing toolbox: Promoter libraries and hybrid promoter for dynamic genetic circuits","authors":"Jasmine De Baets,&nbsp;Irene Parmentier,&nbsp;Brecht De Paepe,&nbsp;Marjan De Mey","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interesting features of quorum sensing systems make them very appealing for synthetic biology applications. The first steps have already been taken in characterizing these systems to accelerate their successful implementation. In this work, we explore the next step, tuning. Multiple strategies exist for tuning genetic circuits and quorum sensing systems in general, where the most straightforward solution is to vary the expression level of the synthase or transcription factor. However, these tuning possibilities can be broadened by expanding the variety of quorum sensing-regulated promoters. Here, we expand the range of tuning possibilities by constructing promoter libraries for P_lasI (LasI/LasR system) and P_esaR/PesaS (EsaI/EsaR system), enabling direct modulation of downstream gene expression levels. Next, the quorum sensing synthetic biology toolbox was further expanded with the creation of a new-to-nature genetic part, the hybrid promoter, which requires two autoinducers for activation, namely 3-oxo-hexanoyl- and 3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone. This promoter was optimized and applied to design a multistage genetic switch capable of creating a growth stage followed by two sequential production stages. Additionally, the circuit was optimized by incorporating the new promoter variants created in this study. This complex genetic circuit demonstrates the true potential of these quorum sensing systems for achieving various cell-density related dynamic circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 97-113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of culture medium composition and reuse on the growth of Porphyridium cruentum","authors":"Florencia Cáceres-Ferroni ,&nbsp;María Salinas-García ,&nbsp;Silvia Villaró-Cos ,&nbsp;Elia Rivera-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Tomás Lafarga","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to develop a fertiliser-based culture medium to reduce production costs and to enhance the sustainability of producing <em>Porphyridium cruentum</em>, a red marine microalga of commercial interest. Additionally, the impact of water recirculation on microalgal growth was assessed. Overall, the results indicated that the nitrogen source significantly affected biomass growth, with sodium nitrate supporting higher biomass productivity (0.23 g·L⁻¹·day⁻¹), surpassing sodium nitrite (0.18 g·L⁻¹·day⁻¹) and ammonium chloride (0.14 g·L⁻¹·day⁻¹). Urea had a negative impact on growth. A N:P molar ratio of 20:1 increased biomass productivity by approximately 24 % compared to the lower ratio studied (8:1) while also reducing phosphorus demand. The optimal medium composition was: 1.75 g·L⁻¹ NaNO₃, 0.23 g·L⁻¹ K₂HPO₄·3 H₂O, 0.04 g·L⁻¹ CaCl₂, 0.49 g·L⁻¹ MgSO₄·7 H₂O, and 24.0 mg·L⁻¹ Karentol®. Lastly, water reutilisation negatively impacted biomass concentration, promoting the accumulation of extracellular organic carbon and bacteria as well as increasing the viscosity and turbidity of the culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximity-based site-specific labeling of a native IgG Fab fragment by a fusion microbial transglutaminase-protein G variant","authors":"Koki Murozono ,&nbsp;Riko Nishioka ,&nbsp;Yoshirou Kawaguchi ,&nbsp;Michio Kimura ,&nbsp;Noriho Kamiya","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fragment antigen-binding (Fab) fragment of IgG has been studied widely as a delivery vehicle for tumor-targeting drugs and dyes due to its high specificity and enhanced tumor penetration, which is attributed to its small size. Functionalizing Fab with chemical entities requires site-specific modification to preserve the binding ninity and ensure product homogeneity. In this study, we report a tag-free, site-specific labeling approach targeting a Lys residue in Fab using the recently developed engineered zymogen of microbial transglutaminase fused with an antibody-binding protein G. Fab of trastuzumab, prepared via papain digestion, was selectively modified at Lys 65 in the heavy chain with a glutamine-donor fluorescent substrate, achieving a high labeling efficiency (∼96 %). Bio-layer interferometry experiments confirmed that the modified Fab retained antigen-binding affinity (<em>K</em>_D = 5.71 ± 3.89 nM) comparable to its native counterpart (4.72 ± 3.19 nM). Confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated selective binding of the fluorescent-modified Fab to human epidermal growth factor receptor type2 (HER2)-positive SK-BR-3 cells, with negligible binding to HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. The proposed strategy enables site-specific Fab modification without genetic engineering, offering a streamlined approach to producing homogeneous Fab conjugates for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic antibody engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant production of silk fibroin in Nicotiana benthamiana using a modular library for transgene assembly.","authors":"Lara Bitar ,&nbsp;Julia Jansing ,&nbsp;Benedetta Isella ,&nbsp;Alexander Kopp ,&nbsp;Luisa Bortesi","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibroin, the primary component of silkworm silk, is a natural biocompatible and biodegradable material known for its exceptional mechanical properties, making it highly valued in the biomedical field. Traditional methods of extracting fibroin from <em>Bombyx mori</em> silk present challenges related to quality and purity of the product, as well as sustainability and ethics of the process. This underscores the need for a recombinant platform for producing high-quality, monodisperse vegan fibroin. The production of fibroin is particularly challenging due to its large and repetitive nature, also at the nucleic acid level. To address this challenge, we developed a DNA-mediated assembly method that utilizes a vector library offering flexibility to test the expression of recombinant proteins in different subcellular localizations in plants and the combination of various protein modules. This approach involves a series of Golden Gate cloning steps to gradually assemble the fibroin coding sequence, starting from the smallest repetitive unit. Using this method, we successfully produced recombinant fibroin polymers of up to 172 kDa in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> via agroinfiltration. Additionally, we demonstrated the versatility of our vector library by assembling genetic constructs for another repetitive protein, resilin, and by creating chimeric proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 313-326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145452484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering enhanced signal peptides: A high-throughput computational pipeline for optimizing therapeutic protein production in CHO cells","authors":"Ji-Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhao-Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Chun-Liu Mi ,&nbsp;Zi-Meng Han ,&nbsp;Hui-Xian Dong ,&nbsp;Tian-Yun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rational design of signal peptides (SPs), crucial for efficient therapeutic protein secretion in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, remains challenging due to their context-dependency activity. To overcome this limitation and enable the discovery of novel high-performance SPs, we developed a high-throughput computational screening pipeline. This approach leverages the deep learning model SignalP 6.0 to screen millions of SP variants derived from diverse mouse/human wild-type libraries and C-region mutants. As a demonstration of its broad applicability, we applied this pipeline to optimize SPs for human serum albumin (HSA) expression. Ranking candidates based on predicted translocation efficiency and cleavage accuracy identified thirty promising SPs outperforming native HSA SP. Experimental validation in CHO cells confirmed multiple novel SPs that significantly enhanced HSA yields, both transiently (e.g., M1_MATN2, 1.93-fold; H5_CXL14, 1.63-fold) and stably (e.g., H5_CXL14, 2.89-fold; M1_MATN2, 1.86-fold). Crucially, our analysis revealed novel insights: hydropathicity profiling uncovered a distinctive and highly effective signature in the top high-performing H5_CXL14 SP, characterized by rapid hydrophobic onset, a continuous highly hydrophobic core, and peak hydrophobicity. Solubility predictions suggested wild-type SPs enhanced secreted protein solubility, while C-region mutants had neutral or negative effects. Furthermore, a novel correlation was observed between high-expression levels and more stable mRNA secondary structures (lower minimum free energy, MFE). This integrated computational-experimental pipeline represents a significant advance, enabling the rational design of protein-specific SP with high efficiency. It drastically reduces the experimental screening burden and holds substantial promise for broadly optimizing therapeutic protein production platforms, as demonstrated here for HSA in CHO cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 223-235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterologous production of β-pinene in the chloroplast of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum","authors":"Nicola Trevisan ,&nbsp;Michele Fabris ,&nbsp;John van der Oost ,&nbsp;Maria Barbosa ,&nbsp;Sarah D’Adamo","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are considered promising hosts for the sustainable production of plant-derived secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids. In particular, the model marine diatom <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em> is a promising candidate for the heterologous production of such chemicals due to its robustness, relatively fast growth, and high natural accumulation of terpenoids. In addition, <em>P. tricornutum</em> possesses two separate pathways for the synthesis of terpenoid precursors, the MEP pathway in the chloroplast and the MVA pathway in the cytosol. In this study, we explored the two pathways for the heterologous β-pinene production in <em>P. tricornutum</em> by episomally expressing pinene synthase in either the chloroplast or cytosol for the first time. Our results show that the chloroplast expression from episomes led to β-pinene titers of up to 10.27 ± 1.45 µg<strong>·</strong>L⁻¹. No β-pinene synthesized from the cytosolic MVA pathway precursors was detected, however the expression and functionality of the pinene synthase was confirmed both in the cytosol and in the chloroplast. Furthermore, to enhance production in the chloroplast, we developed more stable transgenic lines with random chromosomal integration of two different pinene synthase genes. We observed higher titers compared to the episomal mutants, up to 19.35 ± 1.42 µg<strong>·</strong>L⁻¹ with the pinene synthase from <em>Abies grandis</em> and 20.07 ± 0.51 µg<strong>·</strong>L⁻¹ with the pinene synthase from <em>Citrus limon</em>. All the β-pinene producing strains used in this study also produced α-pinene as a side product, which accounted for 20–25 % of total monoterpenoid production. Overall, this study represents a fundamental step in microalgal engineering towards the synthesis of monoterpenoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 174-184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus salivarius HHuMin-U attenuates vulvovaginal candidiasis via vaginal epithelial immune enhancement mediated by NF-κB activation","authors":"Juwon Choi ,&nbsp;Jay-Young Jo ,&nbsp;Jisu Lee ,&nbsp;Jo Eun Son ,&nbsp;Sun Young Kim ,&nbsp;Hye Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Yeong-Je Seong ,&nbsp;Keon Heo ,&nbsp;Yongbaek Kim ,&nbsp;Myeong Soo Park ,&nbsp;Sanguine Byun","doi":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbt.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), primarily caused by <em>Candida albicans</em> infection, is one of the most common diseases among women and leads to various symptoms that adversely impact quality of life. VVC is conventionally treated with antifungal agents, but the high recurrence rates and the risk of inducing vaginal microbiome dysbiosis pose major concerns in effective treatment. Probiotics with immune-enhancing properties can be an effective strategy by strengthening mucosal immunity and reducing susceptibility to infection. Herein, this study investigates the therapeutic potential of <em>Lactobacillus salivarius</em> HHuMin-U (HMU) as a probiotic agent for treating VVC. Phenotype screening identified HMU as a top candidate with antifungal activity against <em>C. albicans</em>. HMU significantly upregulated immunomodulatory factors such as antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines in human vaginal epithelial cells, which can strengthen the antifungal immune system. In an animal study, administration of HMU in a mouse VVC model significantly decreased the fungal burden and protected the mice from vaginal infection. Additionally, cellular infection models revealed that HMU reduced fungal adhesion and the cytolytic activity of <em>C. albicans</em>, while conditioned media from HMU-treated epithelial cells inhibited fungal growth. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HMU treatment enriched gene sets related to epithelial barrier integrity, innate immune responses mediated by epithelial cells, and immune cell regulation. Mechanistically, the NF-κB pathway emerged as a key mediator of these responses. Collectively, HMU inhibits VVC by enhancing epithelial immunity and thus could be considered as a probiotic agent for the prevention and treatment of VVC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19190,"journal":{"name":"New biotechnology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 36-47"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}