New Zealand Plant Protection最新文献_第8页

How much captan is required for wound protection of Neonectria ditissima conidial infection in apple? 苹果新蝇孢子感染创面防护需用多少?

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.273

M. Walter, D. Manktelow, F. Le Berre, R. Campbell, L. Turner, L. Vorster, E. Patrick, R. Butler, G. Northcott

{"title":"How much captan is required for wound protection of Neonectria ditissima conidial infection in apple?","authors":"M. Walter, D. Manktelow, F. Le Berre, R. Campbell, L. Turner, L. Vorster, E. Patrick, R. Butler, G. Northcott","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.273","url":null,"abstract":"Captan (a trichloromethyl sulfenyl fungicide) is commonly used for control of Neonectria ditissima in apple. In New Zealand, picking and leaf scars are the main source of new infections. The captan concentrations required for wound protection of leaf scars, picking and rasp wounds was determined in planta. Fresh wounds, inoculated with N. ditissima, were sprayed with captan using a motorised knapsack (leaf scars) or hand-held spray bottles targeting the wound area (picking and rasp wounds). Captan concentrations ranged from 0 to 400% field rate (100% = 2 kg captan/ha). Wounds were sampled pre- and post-captan application for residue analyses and the remainder assessed regularly in the field for disease expression. Disease development decreased as captan concentrations increased. Approximately 2 μg captan/scar (100% field rate) was required to protect leaf scars. Four times the field rate of captan was needed for a 55 and 70% disease reduction on picking and rasp wounds, respectively. Label-rate applications of captan controlled low incidence of N. ditissima leaf-scar infections in the field in autumn, but disease control of picking scars and other large wounds might be difficult to achieve.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73324413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Understanding flower-bud rot development caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in green-fleshed kiwifruit 丁香假单胞菌引起的花芽腐烂发育的认识。绿瓤猕猴桃中的猕猴桃属

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.252

M. Kabir, B. E. Parry, J. Tyson, R. Beresford

{"title":"Understanding flower-bud rot development caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in green-fleshed kiwifruit","authors":"M. Kabir, B. E. Parry, J. Tyson, R. Beresford","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.252","url":null,"abstract":"A greater understanding of the epidemiology of flower bud rot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) in New Zealand green-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars is required to develop successful disease-management strategies. This study sought evidence as to whether the source of Psa bacteria that causes flower bud infection is internal or external to the flower buds as they emerge in spring. Psa was detected using qPCR in asymptomatic flower buds of two green-fleshed cultivars during spring 2016 and 2017, between bud emergence and immediately before flower opening. Bacterial isolations were made from surface sterilised and non-sterilised buds. Asymptomatic and symptomatic buds were dissected and isolations made from each of the dissected flower parts over time. Significantly more Psa was detected from non-sterilised flower buds during the early stages of bud development compared with later stages. Bud dissections showed that Psa colonisation began in the outer flower parts and moved inwards and this coincided with the development of bud rot symptoms. This study supports a hypothesis that bud rot arises when buds are externally contaminated by Psa early in their development and subsequent infection moves into the inner parts of developing flowers, destroying tissue and causing bud death. Effective control must aim to prevent initial Psa contamination.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"327 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77593640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pathogenicity of Phoma betae isolates from red beet (Beta vulgaris) at seed farms in Canterbury, New Zealand 新西兰坎特伯雷种子场红甜菜(Beta vulgaris)中甜菜瘤菌株的致病性

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.272

N. Chand, E. E. Jones, S. Casonato

引用次数: 2

A comparison of postharvest quality of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) after disinfestation with hot air or hot water treatments 热空气与热水处理对面包果采后品质的影响

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.332

S. Molimau-Samasoni, V. Vaaiva, Semi Seruvakula, Angelika Tugaga, G. Ortiz, S. Wallace, M. Seelye, B. Waddell, Samuel D. J. Brown, L. Jamieson, A. Woolf

引用次数: 4

The impact of cutting prior to goat grazing on variegated thistle (Silybum marianum) 放牧前刈割对斑蓟的影响

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.315

R. Greenfield, K. Tozer, G. Zobel, C. Cameron, E. North

引用次数: 2

Pathogenicity of Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules to grapevine rootstocks 葡萄砧木假毁灭伊氏菌繁殖的致病性

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.314

C. Probst, H. Ridgway, M. Jaspers, E. Jones

{"title":"Pathogenicity of Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules to grapevine rootstocks","authors":"C. Probst, H. Ridgway, M. Jaspers, E. Jones","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.314","url":null,"abstract":"Black foot disease of grapevines is a major economic issue for the viticulture industry, with several Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria species identified as causal agents worldwide. This study aimed to confirm the pathogenicity of an Ilyonectria pseudodestructans isolate recovered from a symptomatic grapevine in a nationwide survey. An initial pot experiment inoculated callused and root-wounded grapevine propagation material of varieties ‘101- 14’ and ‘5C’ with I. pseudodestructans conidia. The second pot experiment compared the pathogenicity of I. pseudodestructans conidial, chlamydospore and mycelial inocula. Disease incidence, severity and root and shoot dry weights were determined after 4–5 months of growth. Ilyonectria pseudodestructans was recovered from inoculated plants resulting in higher disease incidence and severity compared with the uninoculated control. Disease severity and incidence was higher for callused compared to rooted propagation material, but did not differ between grapevine varieties. Conidial inoculum caused greater disease incidence and severity compared with chlamydospore and mycelial inocula. Ilyonectria pseudodestructans propagules infected grapevine plant material via the callused basal ends or wounded roots, indicating this species is a potentially important pathogen of grapevines both in nurseries and vineyards.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87917168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lesion development and conidial production of Neonectria ditissima on apple trees in four New Zealand regions 新西兰4个地区苹果树上新树病的发育和分生孢子的产生

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.302

R. Scheper, L. Vorster, L. Turner, R. Campbell, K. Colhoun, D. McArley, Rosalind A. Murti, A. Hodson, R. Beresford, M. Stock, B. M. Fisher, D. Hedderley, M. Walter

{"title":"Lesion development and conidial production of Neonectria ditissima on apple trees in four New Zealand regions","authors":"R. Scheper, L. Vorster, L. Turner, R. Campbell, K. Colhoun, D. McArley, Rosalind A. Murti, A. Hodson, R. Beresford, M. Stock, B. M. Fisher, D. Hedderley, M. Walter","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.302","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined incubation period, lesion length and conidial release in Neonectria ditissima (European canker) in four New Zealand regions in relation to climatic factors. Incubation period was studied on potted ‘Royal Gala’ trees inoculated with N. ditissima. One week after inoculation, symptomless trees were dispatched to Waikato, Hawke’s Bay, Tasman, Otago and positive controls remained in a glasshouse. Conidial release was studied in trees with lesions that were dispatched to the same regions. Rain traps were placed under each lesion and conidia quantified after each rain event. Disease progress and conidial production were examined in relation to weather. Lesions developed significantly slower in Otago and faster in Waikato and the glasshouse, compared with Tasman and Hawke’s Bay. Symptom development accelerated with increasing daily hours of 11–16°C and humidity (74.6–87.2% RH). The highest conidium counts occurred in Waikato and the lowest in Otago, while conidial production started earlier in Tasman than elsewhere. Temperature is the main driver for symptom development during the incubation period and rainfall is not required. Rainfall frequency drives conidial production.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87272249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Fate of mycelial and conidial propagules of Ilyonectria and Dactylonectria species in soil 土壤中伊氏菌和达克氏菌菌丝和分生孢子繁殖体的命运

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.244

C. Probst, Dudley Crabbe, H. Ridgway, M. Jaspers, E. Jones

{"title":"Fate of mycelial and conidial propagules of Ilyonectria and Dactylonectria species in soil","authors":"C. Probst, Dudley Crabbe, H. Ridgway, M. Jaspers, E. Jones","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.244","url":null,"abstract":"Black foot disease of grapevines causes significant economic loss to the viticulture industry worldwide. A novel method was developed to investigate the fate of propagules of three species associated with black foot disease in New Zealand, Dactylonectria macrodidyma, Ilyonectria europaea and I. liriodendri, in soil. Conidia or mycelium of one isolate each of the three species were buried in soil in nylon mesh bags, and conidia/chlamydospore numbers were determined microscopically after 2 and 3 weeks. Conidia and chlamydospores were produced by mycelial inocula of all isolates, with greater numbers of chlamydospores after 3 weeks. Conidial inocula of all isolates also produced chlamydospores. Chlamydospores were formed at either the terminus or side of a hypha, and single and multiple conidia formed chlamydospores by combining their cellular protoplasm. Chlamydospores were produced from conidia, and conidia from mycelium faster for the I. europaea isolate than the D. macrodidyma and I. liriodendri isolates. The rapid formation of chlamydospores as survival propagules will facilitate the ability of these pathogens to persist in soil in the absence of a host.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81492280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Preliminary pathogenicity screening of Verticillium spp. on kiwifruit in New Zealand 新西兰猕猴桃黄萎病致病性初步筛选

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.247

K. Mellow, J. Tyson, M. Manning, P. Wright

{"title":"Preliminary pathogenicity screening of Verticillium spp. on kiwifruit in New Zealand","authors":"K. Mellow, J. Tyson, M. Manning, P. Wright","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.247","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-pathogenic Verticillium species have been present in New Zealand for many years, and have been considered minor wilt pathogens of kiwifruit. However, an outbreak of Verticillium nonalfalfae (previously identified as Verticillium alboatrum) causing wilt and death of the kiwifruit cultivar Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Hort16A’ in Chile has raised questions around the pathogenicity and significance of New Zealand Verticillium species. This study investigated the pathogenicity of New Zealand isolates of Verticillium spp. to ‘Hort16A’. Three isolates of Verticillium dahliae and one of V. alboatrum sensu stricto, previously recovered from kiwifruit in New Zealand, were tested for pathogenicity against ‘Hort16A’ by artificial inoculation of young vines. Disease assessments were carried out monthly. Symptoms observed ranged from minor wilt to vine death. The V. alboatrum isolate appeared the most aggressive. Although there is evidence of some pathogenicity on kiwifruit within this group of isolates from Verticillium species in New Zealand, they appear less aggressive than those recorded in Chile. However, this cannot be confirmed without testing isolates from both countries concurrently under the same conditions.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"361 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76432934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of various ecological factors on the germination of two crop and pasture weed species, Vulpia bromoides and Vulpia myuros 不同生态因子对两种作物和牧草杂草——溴化Vulpia bromoides和野Vulpia myuros发芽的影响

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2019-07-26 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.231

S. Weller, S. Florentine, B. Chauhan, A. Mahmood, Arunthathy Florentine

{"title":"Effects of various ecological factors on the germination of two crop and pasture weed species, Vulpia bromoides and Vulpia myuros","authors":"S. Weller, S. Florentine, B. Chauhan, A. Mahmood, Arunthathy Florentine","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2019.72.231","url":null,"abstract":"Vulpia species (silver grasses), including V. bromoides and V. myuros, are native to the Mediterranean, Middle East and Eurasia, but have become dispersed worldwide. These two species reduce the grazing quality of pastures, frequently co-occur and are often associated with poor-quality acidic soils. This study investigated two species, Vulpia bromoides and V. myuros. Germination trials tested the effects of seasonal temperature, light,pH, moisture, salinity, pre-germination heat shock and smoke, and seed burial depth. Vulpia bromoides germinated well regardless of temperature or light (>80%, all conditions), whereas V. myuros preferred lower temperatures and absence of light (97%, 7/17oC in 24-h dark). Under different culture conditions, the two species germinated well across the pH range 4 to 10 (>85%). Reduced moisture, pre-germination heat shock and smoke, and increased burial depth reduced germination and emergence of both species. Preventing germination of these species in pastures must begin before or during winter. Fire may be useful for control, butsufficiently high temperatures must be achieved to kill seeds. Tillage to bury seeds, prior to pasture renovation, may prevent germination of seeds.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75301112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3