Yu Gou, T. Zhang, Jun Liu, Tingting Yang, Shanshan Song, Jun-hong Cui
{"title":"Achieving Time-Sharing and Spatial-Reuse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks with Communication Fairness: A Distributed Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach","authors":"Yu Gou, T. Zhang, Jun Liu, Tingting Yang, Shanshan Song, Jun-hong Cui","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491334","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult to provide qualified and fair communications for time-sharing and spatial reuse underwater wireless sensor networks when energy supplements are limited, the environment is non-stationary, and communication interference is strong. Due to the physical separation of underwater nodes, transmissions are intended to occur concurrently to maximize network capacity. Currently available approaches for improving fairness are frequently at the expense of network capacity. Methods that seek a better trade-off between fairness and network capacity are required. This paper proposes a novel approach to maximize network capacity and improve communication fairness by increasing simultaneous communications, achieving time-sharing, and spatial-reuse UWSNs. It is a distributed, multi-agent reinforcement learning approach that utilizes an observation encoder and a local utility network to coordinate collaboration across underwater nodes by adaptively tuning transmit parameters in response to local observations. In terms of network capacity, fairness, and reuse, we compared the suggested methodology to standard methods. Experiments reveal that, when compared to other ways, ours maximizes reuse and produces a significantly superior trade-off between network capacity and fairness, while still meeting lifetime and energy restrictions. The work presented in this article is anticipated to develop into valuable tools for designing and optimizing UWSNs.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134139420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Delphin Raj Kesari Mary, Eunbi Ko, S. Shin, Seung-Geun Kim, Soo-Hyun Park
{"title":"Underwater Internet of Things -Network and Device Management for Mobile Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks","authors":"Delphin Raj Kesari Mary, Eunbi Ko, S. Shin, Seung-Geun Kim, Soo-Hyun Park","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491353","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater Internet of Things (U-IoT) is increasingly becoming popular among scientists in oceanography; to identify the physical, chemical, and biological changes in ocean and industries; for deep-sea exploration, coastal monitoring, early warning system, etc. However, the technical challenges of the U-IoT environment, such as node mobility, low bandwidth, low data rate, limited battery, link quality, etc., may cause device hardware and network connectivity problems. In this case, it is necessary to build network management and device management for mobile U-IoT applications. This paper deals with underwater network management and device management concerning node mobility for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs). Moreover, in order to support a lightweight network management system for UWASN applications, this paper provides a framework and unique managed objects (MOs) design for management information based (UW-MIB) in UW-NMS. In addition, the topology is generated, and the communication setup is tested using the underwater acoustic networks (UAN) module of the NS3 simulator.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132908637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jifeng Zhu, Xiaohe Pan, Jun-hong Cui, Tingting Yang
{"title":"uw-WiFi: An Underwater Wireless Sensor Network for Data Collection and Network Control in Real Environments","authors":"Jifeng Zhu, Xiaohe Pan, Jun-hong Cui, Tingting Yang","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491318","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater acoustic networking has become a promising approach for diverse oceanic applications range from civilian to military. This type of networks is vastly different from terrestrial wireless sensor networks and tremendous work have accelerated the realization. However, very few works study the issue of underwater data collection and network nodes control, which is crucial in many real applications. This calls for a new underwater acoustic network design. In this paper we present a Wi-Fi based underwater acoustic network, called uw-WiFi. which is robust, highly customizable, energy efficient to tackle the real harsh underwater environment and meet the diverse application requirements. We first give a detailed design of uw-WiFi including the network architecture and protocols at different layers. Following that, we conduct a case study with 5 different kinds of network nodes. The network has been tested in the real environments. The results show that the uw-WiFi network is not only able to meet the current urgent application needs but also achieve a satisfying network performance.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126133486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modulation Recognition of Underwater Acoustic Communication Bandpass Signals Based on Deep Learning∗","authors":"Kunyu Wu, Lan-jun Liu, Junfeng Wang, Jialin Chen, Hui Ren, Jiachen Qiang","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491363","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a modulation recognition method of underwater acoustic (UWA) bandpass signal based on deep learning. By building a simulated UWA communication system, the data set of UWA communication signal can be obtained by simulation. The excellent model of image recognition is applied to the modulation recognition of UWA signal by deep learning method.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130270426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chirp Based Robust and Low-power Underwater Acoustic Communication With Index Modulation: Extended Abstract","authors":"Hao Zhao, Fei Ji, Hua Qing, Miaowen Wen, Hua Yu","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491342","url":null,"abstract":"For underwater acoustic communications (UWA COMMs), not only severe multi-path bringing serious inter symbol interference (ISI), but also path loss and ambient noise leading to lower effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver, make robust UWA COMMs very difficult. In this paper, to overcome ISI and low SNR problems, and achieve robust and low-power UWA COMMs, a novel chirp based UWA COMMs with index modulation (IM) is proposed, called IM-Chirp. From our simulation results and analysis, the proposed IM-Chirp can provide better BER performance than classical chirp systems in severe multi-path and low SNR scenarios.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126503927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Zhilin, Osama M. Bushnaq, G. Masi, E. Natalizio, I. Akyildiz
{"title":"A Universal Multimode (Acoustic, Magnetic Induction, Optical, RF) Software Defined Radio Architecture for Underwater Communication","authors":"I. Zhilin, Osama M. Bushnaq, G. Masi, E. Natalizio, I. Akyildiz","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491327","url":null,"abstract":"Various underwater communication applications are proposed to maintain different economic, environmental, and security gains. To support the high quality of service (QoS) requirements of the involved communication tasks, one solution is to rely on multi-mode (i.e., acoustic, optical, magnetic induction (MI), and radio frequency (RF)) communication systems. Such a multi-mode communication system can take advantage of the complementary modes’ features, to obtain QoS requirements per transmission flow. However, challenges including high system cost and coordination between different modes need to be addressed. Therefore, in this paper a Universal Underwater Software Defined Radio (UniSDR) architecture is proposed that realizes joint operation of different modes, in order to deal with the latest use cases demands. Detailed description of the UniSDR architecture is presented. Novelty of the architecture provides flexibility, allowing designer to build a radio that includes any set of modes, which can operate jointly by exchanging data, control and synchronization. A numerical evaluation is conducted to assess the performance of the proposed UniSDR architecture. It clearly shows that the utilization of UniSDR allows to decrease the transmission latency and improve energy efficiency, while maintaining the reliability and robustness.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117278319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eunbi Ko, Delphin Raj Kesari Mary, S. Shin, Seung-Geun Kim, Soo-Hyun Park
{"title":"International Standardization for Maritime, Underwater Internet of Things and Digital Twin Applications","authors":"Eunbi Ko, Delphin Raj Kesari Mary, S. Shin, Seung-Geun Kim, Soo-Hyun Park","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491366","url":null,"abstract":"As a standard development organization, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41 considers standardization of the Internet of Things and digital twin to be applied to maritime and underwater environments. As a result, Working Group 7 has been established in 2021 under the authority of SC 41. This paper introduces the expected ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 41/WG 7 activities, which contribute to maritime IoT, underwater IoT, and digital twin applications.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124738418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Switching for Multimodal Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Cheng Fan, Zhaohui Wang","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491354","url":null,"abstract":"The underwater acoustic (UWA) channel is a complex and stochastic process with large spatial and temporal dynamics. This work studies the adaptation of the communication strategy to the channel dynamics. Specifically, a set of communication strategies are considered, including frequency shift keying (FSK), single-carrier communication, and multicarrier communication. Based on the channel condition, a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, the Depth Determined Strategy Gradient (DDPG) method along with a Gumbel-softmax scheme is employed for intelligent and adaptive switching among those communication strategies. The adaptive switching is performed on a transmission block-by-block basis, with the goal of maximizing a long-term system performance. The reward function is defined based on the energy efficiency and the spectral efficiency of the communication strategies. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method outperforms a random selection method in time-varying channels.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126825363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto Signori, Emanuele Coccolo, Filippo Campagnaro, I. Nissen, M. Zorzi
{"title":"Trustworthiness in the GUWMANET Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks","authors":"Alberto Signori, Emanuele Coccolo, Filippo Campagnaro, I. Nissen, M. Zorzi","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491316","url":null,"abstract":"Security in underwater networks is a crucial aspect to maintain correct network operations, but has only partially been investigated so far. Most of the applications of an underwater network are related to military or public safety scenarios, which should exhibit a high robustness to attacks and failures in order to avoid disastrous consequences even with simple Denial-of-Service attacks. The defense mechanisms and countermeasures are usually tailored to specific types of attacks. Albeit this procedure allows to obtain very effective defense mechanisms, it requires the development of different countermeasures for each possible attack. Another possible solution is to use reputation systems to identify the attackers; hence, in this paper we design a trust model able to tackle a wide range of attacks. The idea of the trust model is to observe the behavior of the nodes overhearing the neighbors’ transmissions and use this information in a subjective logic framework to assign a trust metric to each of the neighbors. In addition, in order to take into account the unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel, which alternates periods of high packet loss to periods with low errors, we include the channel state in the trust model to avoid to erroneously mark as not trustworthy nodes that correctly forwarded the packets, but could not be overheard due to an unreliable channel.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130893842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Xiao, Min Zhao, Ning Jia, Li Wei, Yan Chen, Li Ma
{"title":"Underwater Acoustic Network Protocol based on Directed Graph: A self-organization method of underwater acoustic network with asymmetric communication links","authors":"Dong Xiao, Min Zhao, Ning Jia, Li Wei, Yan Chen, Li Ma","doi":"10.1145/3491315.3491370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491315.3491370","url":null,"abstract":"In an underwater acoustic network, the position of each underwater node is relatively fixed after it is deployed. Commonly, it is not easy to obtain auxiliary information before the network is established, such as accurate geographical position, environmental characteristics, and topological structure. The problem of asymmetry between communication uplink and downlink among nodes occurs due to the differences in transmission source level, transmission directivity, background noise, and propagation conditions of different nodes. To solve this problem, a self-organization method based on directed graph of the underwater acoustic network is proposed. In this proposed method, an adjacency matrix is established by adding the \"neighbor discovery\" phase before a round of simple flooding-based broadcasts and \"inquire-reply\" phase after that. The routing table is calculated based on the adjacency matrix using the classical shortest route algorithm to quickly complete the self-organization of the network with asymmetric communication links.","PeriodicalId":191580,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126157089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}