Neurology Research International最新文献

{"title":"Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Neurological Setting in Burkina Faso: Clinical Profile, Causes, and Mortality Risk Factors.","authors":"Alfred Anselme Dabilgou,&nbsp;Alassane Drave,&nbsp;Julie Marie Adeline Kyelem,&nbsp;Lanseni Naon,&nbsp;Christian Napon,&nbsp;Jean Kabore","doi":"10.1155/2019/8492376","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/8492376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To determine the prevalence, clinical profile, causes, and mortality risk factors of spontaneous arachnoid haemorrhage at Yalgado Ouedraogo University teaching Hospital, we conducted a 5-year retrospective study of 1803 stroke patients admitted to Neurology Department during the period from January 2012 to December 2016. During the study period, spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage accounted for 3.2 % of all stroke. The mean age of patients was 60 years (range 20-93 years). There was a female predominance in 55.9%. The common vascular risk factors were hypertension (79.7%) and chronic alcohol consumption (16.9%). The main symptoms were headache (76.2%), motor weakness (74.5%), and consciousness disorders (62.7%). Neurological examination revealed limb weakness in 76.2% and meningeal irritation in 47.4%. The best admission Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 was found only in 37.3 % of patients. About 50.8% of patients were admitted to Hunt and Hess moderate grade (III) resulting in a mortality of 24.80%. The main cause of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage was hypertension (77.9%). Cause could not be determined in 8.5 % of cases. The mortality rate was 37.3%. There was high mortality in patients with intraventricular haemorrhage and in patients with disturbances of consciousness. In conclusion, our study showed a poor frequency of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage with high mortality. Hypertension was the most common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"8492376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/8492376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37065564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features and Treatment in the Spectrum of Paroxysmal Dyskinesias: An Observational Study in South-West Castilla y Leon, Spain.","authors":"Raquel Manso-Calderón","doi":"10.1155/2019/4191796","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/4191796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD) are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by intermittent episodes of involuntary movements. PxD include paroxysmal kinesigenic (PKD), nonkinesigenic (PNK), and exercise-induced (PED) varieties.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To define the phenotype of primary and secondary PxD forms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two patients with PxD (9 men/13 women) were evaluated in two hospitals in south-west Castilla y Leon, Spain. Clinical features of the episodes, causes, family history, and response to treatment were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen participants with primary PxD (6 men/7 women) and 9 with secondary PxD (3 men/6 women) were recruited. Nine patients belong to three nonrelated families (2 had PKD and 1 had PED). Mean age at onset in primary PKD cases was 10 years (range 5-23 years), earlier than in PNKD (24 years) and PED (20 years). Most primary PKD cases experienced daily episodes of duration <1 minute, which are more frequent and shorter attacks than in PNKD (1-2 per month, 5 minutes) and PED (1 per day, 15 minutes). The location of the involuntary movements varied widely; isolated dystonia was more common than mixed chorea and dystonia. All PKD patients who received antiepileptic treatment significantly improved. Levodopa and ketogenic diet proved to be effective in two patients with PED. Secondary forms presented a later mean age of onset (51 years). Six cases had PNKD, 1 had PKD, 1 both PNKD and PKD, and 1 had PED. Causes comprised vascular lesions, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, peripheral trauma, endocrinopathies, and drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The knowledge of the clinical features and spectrum of causes related to PxD is crucial to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment, or even a nonorganic disorder diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"4191796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/4191796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37318666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and Auditory fMRI Paradigms for Presurgical Language Mapping: Convergent Validity and Relationship to Individual Variables.","authors":"Antonina Omisade,&nbsp;Christopher B O'Grady,&nbsp;Matthias H Schmidt,&nbsp;John D Fisk","doi":"10.1155/2019/6728120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6728120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional MRI (fMRI) has emerged as a safe alternative to invasive procedures for determining hemispheric language dominance prior to neurosurgery. Despite this, there are currently no standardized fMRI protocols that have been explored in healthy controls to determine the influence of individual patient variables on the results, which poses challenges in clinical interpretation of ambiguous findings in patient populations. In addition, most fMRI protocols are not suitable for individuals with visual or intellectual disabilities (IQ<70). In the current study, 61 healthy adults (ages: 18-74 years) completed two fMRI paradigms for language mapping. One paradigm used visually based stimuli and has shown good face validity to date in our center. The second paradigm used auditory stimuli presented at slowed speed and was designed for individuals with visual or cognitive dysfunction but has not yet been used clinically. The paradigms demonstrated 97% agreement in classifying individuals as left-hemisphere, right-hemisphere, and bilaterally dominant. Cases that were classified differently showed bilateral dominance in response to either paradigm. Dominance classification rates for right- and left-handed individuals were largely in keeping with published data. Within the left-handed group, IQ and education were positively correlated with laterality indices generated by both paradigms (r values range: 0.44-0.95, p<0.01), suggesting that individuals with higher IQ and formal education were more likely to be classified as left-hemisphere dominant in the current sample. This study will help improve clinical interpretation of language fMRI maps by identifying factors that might impact results (like IQ). It also offers an alternative paradigm to make this procedure more accessible to a broader range of patients. Future studies will replicate results with a sample of patients with epilepsy across a broad range of intellectual abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"6728120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/6728120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37212325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preference and Values of Stroke Interventions, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Reem Alamri,&nbsp;Adel Alhazzani,&nbsp;Saeed A Alqahtani,&nbsp;Hayfa Al-Alfard,&nbsp;Shahad Mukhtar,&nbsp;Khadejah Alshahrany,&nbsp;Faisal Asiri","doi":"10.1155/2019/8502758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8502758","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) occurs when there is a sudden occlusion of the arterial blood supply to part of the brain resulting in sudden focal neurological deficits. Recent major clinical trials of reperfusion therapy had proved the efficacy of timely stroke intervention to restore blood flow. Development of acute stroke protocols waiving the informed consent to obtain necessarily brain images or provide thrombolytic therapy is important to streamline and organize efforts to achieve the goal of early intervention and better functional outcome. Objective. This study aims to identify the preference and values of acute stroke interventions standard of care therapy without informed consent in the absence of surrogate decision-makers. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using an electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed the patients' preference of acute stroke protocol waiving the informed consent for hyperacute brain images and delivering thrombolytic therapy or mechanical thrombectomy in absence of surrogate. All Saudi population aging from 18 to 65 years were invited to participate. Results. The study included 2004 participants with ages ranging from 18 to 65 years with mean age of 30.1 years. About 66% of the participants were females and 95% were Saudi. Overall, 90.5% of the participants agreed on performing computed tomography angiography (CTA) by the medical staff for the acute strokes without consenting followed by 79% for thrombolytic therapy, 70.8% for mechanical thrombectomy, and only 49.3% for acute lifesaving surgical intervention. Conclusion. Researchers found that the high percentage of participants had favorable response and positive perception toward providing acute stroke intervention and mechanical thrombectomy without informed consent. However, the study showed skeptical acceptance among participants regarding invasive surgical measures.","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"8502758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/8502758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37212326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Willingness to Undergo Presymptomatic Genetic Testing for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Mohammed H Alanazy,&nbsp;Khalid A Alghsoon,&nbsp;Abdulaziz F Alkhodairi,&nbsp;Faisal K Binkhonain,&nbsp;Turkey N Alsehli,&nbsp;Feras F Altukhaim,&nbsp;Ibrahim M Alkhodair,&nbsp;Taim Muayqil","doi":"10.1155/2019/2570513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2570513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Presymptomatic genetic testing (PGT) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is available for at-risk individuals. This study aimed to investigate the public perception of PGT in Saudi Arabia and determine variables that might influence the decision to undergo PGT. A questionnaire link was posted on Twitter by the Saudi Alzheimer's Disease Association and was made publicly available on social media networks. A total of 2935 people participated, of which 59.9% were willing to undergo PGT. Of these, 26.8% reported having a family history of AD, and 0.24% had two family members with early onset AD. The reasons cited for willingness to undergo PGT included the following: to adopt a healthier lifestyle, to ensure appropriate family and financial planning, to seek early treatment, and to relieve anxiety. In multiple logistic regression analysis, willingness to undergo PGT was negatively associated with having a self-reported family history of dementia (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.96) and was positively associated with marital status (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.70). In conclusion, PGT for AD seems to be well accepted in this large Saudi cohort. The reasons cited are similar to those reported elsewhere in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2570513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2570513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37277604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prominent T-Cell Responses against the Acetylcholine Receptor <i>ε</i> Subunit in Myasthenia Gravis.","authors":"Oliver Neuhaus,&nbsp;Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Hartung,&nbsp;Heinz Wiendl","doi":"10.1155/2019/1969068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1969068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is well characterized as the target antigen in myasthenia gravis (MG). Pathogenic antibody responses against the AChR alpha-chain have been investigated extensively and are of diagnostic and prognostic value. However, less is known on the pathogenetic relevance of T-cell responses against epitopes of the different AChR chains (alpha, epsilon, gamma). Using an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay we measured T-cell responses against recombinant fragments and synthetic peptides of the <i>α</i> and the <i>ε</i> subunits of the human AChR in MG patients (n=15) and in healthy donors (HD; n=9). In MG, highest T-cell responses were noted against recombinantly expressed Epsilon 1-221. Among the synthetic peptides Epsilon 201-215 showed the most prominent T-cell response and represented the peptide with the most remarkable difference between MG and HD. Taken together, prominent T-cell responses against the <i>ε</i> subunit of the human AChR indicate an important role in the pathogenesis of MG.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"1969068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/1969068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37277602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients Undergoing Urgent Reperfusion for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation-Related Ischemic Stroke: A Brief Report on Literature Evidence.","authors":"Luca Masotti,&nbsp;Elisa Grifoni,&nbsp;Alessandro Dei,&nbsp;Vieri Vannucchi,&nbsp;Federico Moroni,&nbsp;Grazia Panigada,&nbsp;Costanza Nicotra,&nbsp;Stefano Spolveri,&nbsp;Giancarlo Landini","doi":"10.1155/2019/9657073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9657073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The optimal timing for starting anticoagulation in the early phase of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF)-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a challenge, especially in patients undergoing urgent reperfusion by systemic thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy. The aim of our study was to review the literature evidence reporting on safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) starting in the early phase of NVAF-related AIS undergoing systemic thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We reviewed the PubMed databases searching articles reporting on efficacy and safety of DOACs starting time within two weeks from AIS onset in patients undergoing systemic thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three studies were selected, overall including one hundred and six patients (62 females, 58.4%). Median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at hospital admission ranged from 9 to 13 points. Median DOACs starting time ranged from 2 to 6 days. Median CHA₂DS₂-VASC score ranged from 4 to 6 points. Follow-up was limited to 14 days in one study, 30 days in another, and 90 days in a third one. Overall, stroke recurrence and/or intracranial bleeding occurred in two patients (1.9%) and no patient died at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Small sample size real life studies seem to demonstrate that the introduction of DOACs in the early phase of NVAF-related AIS undergoing urgent reperfusion is efficacious and safe. Prospective RCTs are necessary to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"9657073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/9657073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37100347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Encephalopathy Only Stroke Codes\" (EoSC) Rarely Result in Stroke as Final Diagnosis.","authors":"Patrick M Chen,&nbsp;Dawn M Meyer,&nbsp;Robert Claycomb,&nbsp;Kunal Agrawal,&nbsp;Brett C Meyer","doi":"10.1155/2019/2105670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2105670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke codes prompted by isolated encephalopathy often result in nonstroke final diagnoses but require intensive stroke center resources. We assessed the likelihood of \"Encephalopathy only Stroke Codes (EoSC)\" resulting in a true stroke (EoSC CVA+) final diagnosis. 3860 patients were analyzed in a prospective stroke code registry from 2004 to 2016. EoSC was defined using a standard and an exploratory definition. Definition 1 included EoSC patients as stroke codes where NIHSS was nonzero for LOC questions (questions la, 1b, and lc) but remainder of the NIHSS was zero. Definition 2 included the same definition but allowed symmetric pairings on motor questions (5a/5b, 6a/6b, or Question 4 scoring a 3). Groups were assessed for final diagnosis of stoke (EoSC CVA+) or not stroke (EoSC CVA-). EoSC accounted for 60/3860 (1.55%) of total stroke codes. EoSC CVA+ was found in 5/3860 (0.13%) of all stroke codes, 5/60 (8.33%) of EoSC stroke codes, and 5/1514 (0.33%) of all strokes. For Definition 2, EoSC accounted for 96/3860 (2.5%) of total stroke codes. EoSC CVA+ was found in 9/3860 (0.23%) of all stroke codes, 9/96 (9.38%) of EoSC stroke codes, and 9/1514 (0.59%) of all strokes. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes was the highest predictor of stroke (p=0.05). Encephalopathy only Stroke Codes only rarely result in cases with a true final diagnosis of stroke (EoSC CVA+), accounting for 0.1-0.2% of all stroke codes and 8-9% of EoSC stroke codes. This may have important significance for mobilization of limited acute stroke code resources in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2105670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2105670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37069720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction.","authors":"Vijay Renga","doi":"10.1155/2019/3931548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3931548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dizziness is a common reason for outpatient neurology consultation. Oftentimes, a complete workup by general practitioner, including MRI brain fails to reveal a cause. Some patients would have also undergone an ENT evaluation before approaching neurology for an answer. Such scenarios provide a challenge as well as opportunity for the neurologist to exercise their knowledge and clinical skills in arriving at a diagnosis. Conditions like 'Unspecified Vestibular Dysfunction' and 'Presbyvertigo' are often the underlying causes, which are either not recognized or misdiagnosed as BPPV, psychogenic or perceptive dizziness. This article's goal is to help understand vestibular system and diagnose vestibular dysfunction in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"3931548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/3931548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37050847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Diagnosis: Lived Experiences of Persons with Spinal Cord Injury in a Selected Town in Ghana.","authors":"Abdul-Ganiyu Fuseini,&nbsp;Patience Aniteye,&nbsp;Afizu Alhassan","doi":"10.1155/2019/9695740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9695740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although several studies have been conducted on the lived experiences of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) in high income countries, there is no published data on such experiences in Ghana. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of persons with SCI in the Tamale Metropolis of the Northern Region of Ghana.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive design involving thirteen participants was conducted at the Tamale Metropolis-Ghana. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants, using the Neurosurgical Unit of the Tamale Teaching Hospital as an outlet for recruitment of the sample. Data was gathered mainly through face-to-face in-depth interviews. The data was analyzed concurrently with data collection, using thematic content analysis. Ethical approval was obtained for the study from the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research and the research unit of the Tamale Teaching Hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three main themes that emerged from the data during analysis were \"physical effects,\" \"psychological effects,\" and \"social issues.\" <i>Conclusion</i>. The findings from the study suggest that SCI is a life threatening condition and that persons with SCI grapple with a myriad of physical symptoms that range from chronic pain and paralysis of lower and/or upper limbs, to bladder and bowel incontinence. These physical symptoms have significant psychological and social effects on the functioning of the affected persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":19124,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Research International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"9695740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/9695740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36989118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}