Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions on the Performance of Media against Corruption in Tanzania: A Survey of Ubungo Municipality Residents in Dar es Salaam","authors":"Julieth Mtuy, Francis Ng’atigwa","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5637","url":null,"abstract":"The media play significant roles as a vigilant guardian of the public interest and as an influential pillar of society, encompassing the responsibility of actively opposing and unequivocally condemning acts of corruption. The extent to which the media provides coverage of a particular subject might impact individuals' perception of its significance or insignificance. This paper presents part of the findings of the research titled Perceptions on the Performance of Media against Corruption in Tanzania: A survey over Ubungo Municipality residents in Dar es Salaam. The study was guided by social responsibility theory and meaning and construction theory. The study relied on a total of 110 respondents. These comprised 100 randomly sampled Ubungo residents and 10 key informants who were purposively selected from the media profession and comprised senior public relations experts. Data captured through the questionnaire were analysed using the SPSS package, whereby results were presented in frequencies and percentages and illustrated in graphs, while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis and presented using verbatim statements and reported speech. The study found that the majority of the surveyed Ubungo residents do not consider the media in Tanzania to play a role in exposing corrupt practices in the country. The study further found that laxity and complicity of corruption news complicate effective corruption reporting, hence undermining the role of the media in the war against corruption. This paper recommends that more studies be carried out on the area that has not been adequately researched and holds the potential to improve the role of the media in the fight against corruption.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"17 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Government’s e-Communication in Tanzania: Survey of Dar es Salaam Residents","authors":"Josephine Majula, Francis Ng’atigwa","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5638","url":null,"abstract":"As governments recognize the capacity of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to create a favourable socioeconomic shift for the populace, digital technologies continue to open up exciting opportunities around the world. This paper presents part of the findings of the research titled “Effectiveness of Government’s e-Communication in Tanzania: Survey of Dar es Salaam Residents.” The paper set out to explore the views on the government’s e-communication services in Tanzania from Dar es Salaam residents. The study relied on the Technology Acceptance Model, which is relevant to the study, as it shows that the majority of the respondents became more interested in e-communications services owing to the ease of use of such services. Likewise, when e-communication devices are deemed difficult by some government officials, there is a likelihood of limited or no use of such e-communication services. The study relied on a survey design, where 150 respondents from selected households in Dar es Salaam were sampled with a structured questionnaire about their knowledge of the e-communication services offered by the various government departments in Tanzania. The majority of the respondents (54%) showed that they had accessed various types of e-communications services; however, one of the drawbacks was that 46% of respondents did not take some of these services very seriously, as they believed that such services were not as efficient as they had thought. Despite the shortcomings associated with e-communications, when asked about the usefulness of e-communication services, the majority of the respondents (46%) strongly agreed that, indeed, the government’s e-communication services were critical. It can be concluded that given the wave of technological advancements sweeping across the globe, the government is supposed to strengthen ICT services and the capacity of its officials for more service delivery. This study recommends the need for an e-communication policy and strategic plan as one of the ways to improve the use and promotion of e-communication services in almost all government departments.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"108 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Social Networks as Forums for Political Debates in Tanzania: A Case of Chama Cha Mapinduzi and Chadema Tanzania Twitter Platforms","authors":"Jane Gamaliel, Francis Ng’atigwa","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5636","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of social media platforms has transformed the way political debates are conducted in Tanzania. Among the social media platforms, Twitter is the most popular social network in Tanzania, and it has become an important tool for political communication and debates. Currently, political parties, including CCM and CHADEMA, have an active Twitter account, which they use to engage with their supporters and the general public. The paper presents part of the findings of the study on Assessment of Social Networks as Forums for Political Debates in Tanzania, A Case of Chama Cha Mapinduzi and Chadema Tanzania Twitter Platforms. This paper examines types of issues discussed on social media platforms, specifically focusing on Twitter accounts of Chadema Tanzania and Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). It analyses the content of their posts, engagement levels, and the extent to which various issues are addressed. By studying these two prominent Tanzanian political parties, the paper aims to provide insights into the key political issues that garner attention and attraction on social media in the Tanzanian context. The paper uses Habermas’ theory of public sphere to analyse political discussions on the two Twitter accounts. The paper used the qualitative content analysis technique to explore the two Twitter accounts from January to March 2023. The study found that the two Twitter accounts have become a significant avenue for public discourse, enabling individuals to engage with political issues, express opinions, and connect with others. The discussions cover a wide range of topics, from local to global matters, and often include debates on policies, elections, governance, social justice, and more. The paper further found that there is freedom to obtain information that is not limited, and interaction in social media also encourages young voters to participate in political debates. The paper recommends that political parties invest more in social media to allow their members to engage in political discussions and debates to widen the horizon of democracy.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"103 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Design and Performance Analysis of Multiband MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Network","authors":"Ater David Utahile, U. K. Michael, Saturday Chukwudi Jeffrey","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5635","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and performance comparison of a multiband dual diversity 8-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a 4-element MIMO antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) at 2.45/3.5/5.2/6 GHz. The proposed antennas were designed on a flame retardant (FR-4) having a dielectric constant of 4.4 , ((varepsilon)r =4.4), dimensions of 200x200x1.6 mm 140x90x1.6 mm  respectively. The antennas were simulated and analyzed using Computer Simulation Studio (CST Studio). Results obtained from the simulation showed that the 8-element MIMO antenna achieved a combined bandwidth of 908.68 MHz. In contrast, the 4-element MIMO antenna with DGS achieved 4.22 GHz bandwidth on average. Broadside radiation pattern was observed across the three frequency bands in both E- and H-plane with an average main lobe magnitude of 7.8 dBi. Furthermore, the proposed antennas achieved consistent Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG) values of 0.0008 and 9.999 and Port-to-port isolation of 27 dB across all frequencies considered. Also, an antenna gain of 8.58 dB was achieved at a frequency of 6 GHz for the 8-element MIMO antenna, while a maximum gain of 5.58 dBi was achieved by the 4-element MIMO antenna with DGS. The gain, isolation, DG, and ECC between adjacent ports and the loss in capacity were within the standard margins, making the antenna structure suitable for MIMO applications.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Plasmid-mediated qnr Genes among the Quinolone Resistant Salmonella typhi from Patients Attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"Fasema, R, Ngwai, Y. B, Ishaleku, D, Nkene, I. H, Abimiku, R. H, Tama, S. C, Igbawua, I. N","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5634","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the qnr genes among S. typhi isolated from stool of patients with suspected typhoid fever, in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Cross sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2022 and November 2023. \u0000Methodology: Stool samples of patients with suspected typhoid fever were collected by standard methods in sterile disposable containers. After analysis of stool, microscopic observations and culture analysis, Salmonella typhi was isolated, antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out, and the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method. PCR for detection of qnr genes including qnrA, qnrB and qnrS was done by specific primers, then PCR products were run using gel electrophoresis and visualized by gel documentation system. \u0000Results: Out of 150 isolates, 13 (8.7%) were positive for S. typhi.  Antibiotic resistance among the isolates in decreasing order were as follows: imipenems (100.0%), cefuroxime (100.0%), cefotaxime (100.0%), nalidixic acid (92.3%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (84.6%), ceftriaxone/sulbactam (84.6%), ciprofloxacin (84.6%), gentamicin (76.9%), levofloxacin (46.2%) and ofloxacin (46.2%). The most common antibiotic resistant phenotype was AUG- CTX-IMP-OFX-CN-NA-CXM-CRO-CIP-LBC at 30.4%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 100% (13/13) of the isolates with the common MAR indices being 1.0 (30.8%), 0.7 (23.5%), 0.8 (23.1%) and 0.9 (15.4%). The only positive PMQR genes were qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr with percentage occurrence of 50.0% respectively \u0000Conclusion: The S. typhi isolates showed lower resistance to ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gentamicin, and all isolates were MAR, with resistance to 10 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, qnrS resistance gene was the most common gene expressed.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"119 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Relationships of Psychosocial Hazard and Workplace Safety Outcomes among Construction Workers in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Kelechi D. Ekeke, I. Nwaogazie, K. S. Nnadede","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i4621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i4621","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to investigate the relationship between psychosocial hazards and safety outcomes among workers engaged in a range of industrial construction occupations in Rivers State. Questionnaires were adapted from various studies and were distributed. Two-hundred and ninty-five (295) respondents had a complete and usable questionnaire. A conceptual model was posited for this study, the model comprises of equipment and environment, work schedule, role organisation, social aspect, organisational culture, and work life balance as the workplace psychosocial hazards and near miss, accident, absenteeism, and job performance as the safety outcomes on the study. Structural equation modelling was then used to test the conceptual model and test the hypotheses using SPSS AMOS software. The result from the study shows that all six workplace psychosocial hazards used in the study had direct significant relationship with the accident safety outcome at p-value (< 0.05). The result also shows that environment and equipment, role in the organization, social aspect and work-life balance showed significant relationships with near miss safety outcome at p-value .05. The study also inferred that equipment and environment, work schedule, role organisation, social aspect, and organisational culture are factors in the workplace that may be associated with absenteeism. The impact of psychosocial hazards experienced by construction workers is an area of growing research as this study has shown, which is yielding results that suggest overall work safety on the construction site should consider psychosocial aspects of work.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pertubation of Road Construction and Inorganic Sedimentation on the Macroinvetebrate Fauna in the Midstream Segment of Qua Iboe River, Nigeria","authors":"J. U. Akpabio, A. O. Okon, G. A. Ebong, E. P. Udoinyang, E. A. Essien, I. U. Josiah, A. W. Akpan","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i4620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i4620","url":null,"abstract":"The massive road construction projects in the drainage basin of Qua Iboe River (Nigeria) seriously affect the environment with elevated levels of some physico-chemical variables in perturbed segments of the river. The road construction resulted in elevated levels of the three pollution parameters (turbidity, bed load and suspended load which also had significant effect on the macroinvertebrate species richness and diversity in the perturbed zone, Biotic scores and biomass of macroinvertebrates were lower at perturbed than unperturbed zones. The three zones of the midstream segment of the stream were heterotrophic (P/R < 1.0) due to high turbidity, high silt load and suspended organic matter occasioned by the massive road development and maintenance across the drainage basin in the study area.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Empirical Investigation into how Nigerian Skit Makers Portray Cross Dressing on Facebook and Its Impact on Public Perception","authors":"Amadi, Mercy Agbo, M. S. Uche, Fatima Ijeoma Emetumah","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i4619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i4619","url":null,"abstract":"The study focused on public perception of the depiction of cross dressing among Nigeria skit makers on Facebook. The study was guided by four research objectives. Based on the nature of the study, survey research method was adopted as the research design and Marshal McLuhan’s Technological Determinism Theory was the theoretical framework for the study. The instrument for data collection was an online Google form questionnaire that was distributed to Facebook users online who were randomly selected from three comedy skit making group on Facebook. Taro Yamane’s formula was used for sample size selection of 400 Respondents from a population of 46,061,400 Facebook users in Nigeria. However, 385 responses were received; representing 96.3% out of whom 36.9% were males and 63.1% were females. Findings from the study showed that the public perceive cross dressing by Nigeria skit makers on Facebook as hilarious; also, social recognition was found to be the major factor that motivates cross dressing skits on Facebook and the viewership of cross dressed skits on Facebook does not influence the viewers’ offline sense of dressing and behaviour. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended the need for public enlightenment about cross dressing skits on Facebook and other social media platforms, so that the public becomes aware that such skits are basically for entertainment and for social recognition by the skit makers. Also, skit makers should include in their contents/skits issues challenging our society and how the society can be free of these vices, even while being entertained.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"41 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Neighborhood Fund Programs on Regional Development in the Siantar Marimbun Sub-District from a Community-driven Development Perspective","authors":"Intan Ganisha Chintia Manurung, Satia Negara Lubis, Badaruddin","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i4618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i4618","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of neighborhood fund management through the lens of Community-Driven Development. Purposive sampling was used in this study, with a sample size of 100 individuals. The researcher employed a quantitative method with SEM-PLS analysis technique. The findings indicate that neighborhood funds, under the Community-Driven Development approach, significantly influence the development of neighborhood infrastructure but do not significantly affect community empowerment in the Siantar Marimbun Sub-District. The Neighborhood Fund Program for regional development achieves an effectiveness ratio of 98%. This suggests that the management of neighborhood funds in the Siantar Marimbun Sub-District in 2020 still focuses on physical programs (infrastructure) and has yet to emphasize community empowerment development, partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the absence of specific guidelines regarding the allocation percentage for infrastructure development versus community empowerment in Mayor Regulation No. 13 of 2019 for Pematangsiantar.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"22 S17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corruption Menace in Building Construction Industry in Nigeria: Causes and Remedies","authors":"kayode oloruntoba, G. Umar, Johnson Dele Matthew","doi":"10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i3617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i3617","url":null,"abstract":"Industries play vital roles in nation's socio-economic development, and building construction industries constitute an integral path in the Nigerian industrial sectors. Thus, corruption is a social factor associated with the existence of mankind, as it strives to manifest itself when not prevented in every human activity that involves monetary encouragement. Corruption is one of the major negative phenomena in the construction industry that requires sustainable remedies. Therefore, this study investigates the variables that are associated with building construction processes ranging from tendering, construction stage, handover, post-occupancy, and maintenance to the corruption phenomenon that was regrouped into five basic corruption constructs [government influence and bureaucracy, unethical professional practice, client discretional opinion and control, societal greed, and project contractual types] in the Nigerian building construction industries. One hundred and twenty (120) structured questionnaires were administered to building construction professionals [architects, civil engineers, quantity surveyors, service engineers], government agencies in public building units, building contractors and related agencies, and individuals in the field of building construction industries across Ondo and Ekiti State, Nigeria. The collated data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Thus, government influence and untidy bureaucracy, societal greed, unethical professional practice, and the unguided imposition of clients' discretionary opinions on building construction projects constitute the major factors responsible for corruption in the building construction industry, as evidenced by our findings. In contrast, project contractual types and their indicators exhibit fewer challenges compared to other corruption factors. This study proposes remedies to address the findings and gives recommendations for achieving corruption-free building construction in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":190996,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","volume":"34 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}