Netsu Sokutei最新文献

{"title":"Microscopic Two-Dimensional Thermal Analysis by a High-Speed Infrared Focal Plane Array","authors":"T. Hashimoto, J. Morikawa","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.58","url":null,"abstract":"熱分析法は,温度プログラムやセンシング方法で数多く の方法が考案され,特にDSCは高い感度や操作性の良さか ら生産現場の品質管理にまで普及してきた。一方で,近年 の材料開発の進歩のなかで,熱測定への要求がより高いレ ベルになってきたことも見逃すわけにはいかない。熱分析 では温度計測が基本であるが,従来型の熱分析に使われる 温度センサーは,安定性の観点から熱電対,白金抵抗体, サーミスターなど接触型のセンサーが用いられてきた。セ ンサーの熱容量の影響がない非接触型である赤外線温度セ ンサーは,輻射率や反射率が決定できないと正確な温度が 決まらないという難点がある一方で,高速であること,空 間的な温度分布が同時に取得できることなど特有の利点は 熱分析にとって魅力的である。 本解説では,最近進歩の著しい高速赤外線カメラを用い て,筆者らが開発した熱物性測定装置について概説する。1-12) 特に各種物質を昇降温し,融解・結晶化過程で生じる潜熱 を画像として観測する二次元DTAの可能性と,外部から変 調温度波を与えたときの試料内の各部分の温度変化を時間 の関数として捉える熱拡散観測装置としての両面から考察 した。通常のバルクサンプルの平均データが得られる従来 型熱分析法とは異なった視点からの考察が期待できる。","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"2012 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86387690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamics of Bilayer Phase Transitions of Phospholipids","authors":"H. Matsuki, S. Kaneshina","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.74","url":null,"abstract":"生物の構成単位である細胞は細胞膜により外部と隔離さ れている。細胞膜の主構成成分はリン脂質であり,リン脂 質を水中に分散すると自発的に自己組織化し,ベシクルあ るいはリポソームと呼ばれる二分子膜構造の閉鎖型小胞体 を構築する。このため,リン脂質二分子膜構造体は生体膜 モデル系として幅広く利用されている。脂質二分子膜の最 も大きな特徴は,その周囲の環境変化(温度,圧力,塩濃 度,溶媒置換など)に鋭敏に応答し,その集合体構造を変 化させ相転移を起こすことである。脂質二分子膜相転移の 検出は様々な物理化学的手法で行われているが,中でも特 に有効なのは示差走査熱量(DSC)測定である。1,2) これま でに多数のリン脂質が形成する二分子膜の相転移がDSC測 定により調べられ,脂質二分子膜の温度感受性が明らかに されている。他方,温度と並んで重要な熱力学変数に圧力 がある。近年,麻酔作用の圧拮抗,深海生物の高圧力環境 適応,食品加工における高圧力殺菌などのような圧力変化 による膜物性変化への注目が高まってきている3,4)が,これ まで圧力を変数として脂質二分子膜の状態を解析した研究 は非常に少ない。 脂質二分子膜の圧力感受性を調べ,温度感受性と組み合 わせることにより,以下のことが可能となる。5,6) (1) DSC 測定から得られる相転移温度および相転移に伴う熱力学量 変化(相転移エンタルピーおよび相転移エントロピー)に 相転移圧力,相転移温度の圧力依存性および相転移に伴う リン脂質二分子膜相転移の熱力学","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"1 1","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90465175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calorimetric Analysis of the Formation and the Thermal Response of β2 Microglobulin Amyloid Fibril","authors":"K. Sasahara, Y. Goto","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.83","url":null,"abstract":"蛋白質は,それぞれ特有の立体構造(天然構造)に折り たたまれてその機能を担う。天然構造は,熱力学的に最も 安定な状態であり,蛋白質の唯一規則的立体構造と考えら れてきた。このような立場からは,機能をもたない凝集体 は研究の対象外であった。ところが近年,蛋白質の天然構 造が壊れたり,間違ってフォールディング(ミスフォール ディング)をすることが原因で凝集体を形成し,病気の引 き起こされる例が多く見つかってきた。このような病気は, 蛋白質の立体構造(コンフォメーション)変化によって引 き起こされるので,フォールディング病あるいはコンフォ メーション病として注目されている。1,2) これらの凝集体の 中には,蛋白質がコンゴーレッド色素で橙赤色に染色され, 偏光顕微鏡下で緑色偏光を呈する幅約10 nmで枝分かれの ない線維構造をつくって体内に沈着している例が多くある (Fig.1)。これをアミロイド線維(医学用語として繊維では なく線維をもちいる)とよび,アミロイド線維の沈着する 疾患をアミロイド病(あるいはアミロイドーシス)と総称 する。1-3) 約20種類のアミロイド病と,その原因となる蛋白質ある いはペプチドが知られている。アルツハイマー病(Aβペプ チド),透析アミロイドーシス(β 2ミクログロブリン),AL アミロイドーシス(免疫グロブリンL鎖),家族性アミロイ ドポリニューロパチー(トランスサイレチン)などのほか, 狂牛病やクロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病などのプリオン病も アミロイド病と考えられている。カッコ内は原因蛋白質で あり,それらの多くは生命機能を支える重要な蛋白質であ ることがわかる。さらには,アミロイド線維はアミロイド ーシスにかかわる蛋白質だけでなく,疾病と関係しないさ まざまな蛋白質やポリアミノ酸によっても形成されること がわかってきている。4) このことは蛋白質が天然構造を形成","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"33 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81632681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trehalose: a Molecule Responsible for Desiccation Tolerance in the Sleeping Chironomid, Polypedilum Vanderplanki","authors":"T. Okuda","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.20","url":null,"abstract":"Life and death are mutually exclusive states. But some organisms showing no sign of living due to complete desiccation are nevertheless able to resume active life after rehydration. This peculiar biological state of organisms is referred to as cryptobiosis. Larvae of an insect species, the African chironomid Polypedilum vanderplanki, live in temporary rock pools in semi-arid areas and are able to achieve cryptobiosis. P. vanderplanki larvae accumulate trehalose to levels of","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"12 3 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78268402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Adaptation and Molecular Evolution of Enzyme","authors":"A. Yamagishi","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.2","url":null,"abstract":"There are many cold places around the Earth. From the psychrophiles isolated from those environments, cold-adapted enzymes have been isolated. Cold-adapted enzymes have sufficient activity and sufficient substrate-affinity to support the growth, and show low thermo-stability. Artificially cold-adapted enzymes have been obtained by evolutionary engineering from thermophile enzymes. The analysis revealed one of the cold-adaptation mechanisms: the cold-adapted enzymes showed lower enthalpy of substrate-binding thus providing lower activation enthalpy for high activity at low temperature. Some of the cold-adapted enzymes retained high thermal stability of the original thermophile enzyme. The results suggest that it is possible to reconcile high stability with high activity at low temperature. However, the issue needs further investigation. It has been elucidated that life evolved from the hyperthermophilic common ancestor (Commonote). Accordingly, the in vitro evolution experiments for obtaining cold-adapted enzymes from thermophile enzyme are, in a sense, reproducing the evolution of life.","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"44 1","pages":"2-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87532684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase Transition of Lipids in Overwintering Insects","authors":"C. Katagiri","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.10","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid is one of the major components in organisms; that is, triacyiglycerols and phospholipids are known as an energy source and the major constituent of the membrane, respectively. Their transition between liquid and solid occurs often under the biological environments. Insects are ectotherm of tropical origin. They, however, flourish everywhere on the earth except ocean. We have investigated how they can survive during the cold winter. Insects sometimes avoid and sometimes utilise the thermal transition of the lipids above and hydrocarbons that cover the body surface against dehydration.","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"1 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84655114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise Evaluation of Enzyme Activity using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry","authors":"Nurul Karim, S. Kidokoro","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.27","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes, the catalysts of biological systems, are remarkable molecular devices that determine the patterns of chemical transformations. For many decades, a great deal of pure and applied studies have been devoted to enzyme reactions, as the mechanisms underlying the special characteristics of the reactions, such as high specificity and high efficiency, have not only attracted scientific interest but also indicated the possibility of employing enzymes as highly useful catalysts in many application fields. Quantitative evaluation of the catalytic activity of enzymes is inevitably important to reveal the enzymes' reaction mechanisms and to use the catalysts most effectively. To evaluate enzyme kinetics, it is necessary that the transformation of a substrate into a product is accompanied with an observable event. Since the change in enthalpy is one of a reaction's general features, several approaches have been employed to monitor enzyme-catalyzed reactions using calorimetry.1-17) The heat generated as the reaction proceeds is a direct and sensitive observable quantity. Because it allows the direct determination of the reaction rate, which indicates the enzyme activity itself, calorimetry is expected to provide a general and effective way to evaluate enzyme activity. ITC provides one possibility for detecting the catalytic reaction heat as a function of time with high sensitivity and reproducibility. Two calorimetric variables, the compensation power and its integral, can be determined directly and precisely by this method.13-15) Under hydrolytic conditions, the combination of a calorimetric LineweaverBurk plot with these two variables and the non-linear least-squares method was found to be effective for determining enzymatic parameters precisely.13-15) The kinetic parameters, kcat and KM, obtained from calorimetric observables, clearly indicated that the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction is well approximated by a simple Michaelis-Menten equation.13-15) Tradit ionally, ITC analysis has used data obtained only after the enzyme solution has been fully titrated.13, 14) However, since the enzyme reaction occurs in the cell even during titration, and since the precise total enzyme concentration in the cell is determined by the titration program, it is possible to use the experimental data gathered during titration for the analysis. To determine the reaction heat and enzyme parameters more precisely, the traditional method has been modified to treat all of the hydrolysis data observed by ITC.15) In addition to activity measurement, inhibition studies of different enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions have used ITC with great success.8-11,14,15) In most models of","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"31 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79262519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Unusual Thermal Conductivity of Ices at Elevated Pressures","authors":"O. Andersson, H. Suga","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.32.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.32.232","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous forms of ice including 13 crystalline phases,1) several distinctly different amorphous solid states and various clathrate hydrates. Ten of the crystalline phases, namely, ices II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XII, are produced at high pressures and three, hexagonal (Ih) and cubic (Ic) ices and ice XI, are produced at ambient pressure. The amorphous forms of solid water are: (i) amorphous solid water formed by hyperquenching micron-sized droplets (HQW) and by vapor-deposition on a cold plate (ASW),1) (ii) high-density amorphous ice,2) (iii) low-density amorphous ice3) and (iv) very high-density amorphous ice.4) While all the crystalline phases of water have been unequivocally established and the similarity between ASW and HQW is reasonably well established, the distinction between the amorphous states produced at high pressures and their relation to ASW is not. One of these amorphous states is formed by subjecting ice","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"86 1","pages":"232-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86053929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophysical Properties of Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)","authors":"N. Sakai","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.32.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.32.226","url":null,"abstract":"The data of heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion behavior for materials in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are reviewed. Most of the SOFC materials are complex metal oxides and their thermal conductivities are generally low, that causes a large temperature distribution during the operation. Since the SOFC consists of metal oxides and composites, a good thermal expansion matching is the most important point in order to fabricate durable cells and stacks. The electrolytes and interconnects are exposed in a large gradient of oxygen partial pressure at a high temperature, and isothermal expansion is observed for rare earth substituted ceria and alkaline earth substituted lanthanum chromites. Although the isothermal expansion in lanthanum chromites can be alleviated by substituting the transition metals, it can not in rare earth substituted ceria. 解　説","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"25 1","pages":"226-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72846216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scanning Probe Microscopic Measurements at Low Temperatures","authors":"Tetsuya Hasegawa, S. Okazaki","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.32.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.32.218","url":null,"abstract":"@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@ @?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@? @@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@? @?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@?@?e@?@? @?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@?@?@@@?@? @?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@?@?f@? @@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@?","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"61 1","pages":"218-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89448977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}