{"title":"Challenges and Distortions of Translating Grammatical Gender in Literary Texts: Julio Cortázar Translated into Various European Languages","authors":"U. Nissen","doi":"10.3828/BHS.2021.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/BHS.2021.40","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000With a focus on various translations of the short story ‘Historia con migalas’ by one of the most renowned Latin American writers, the Argentinian author Julio Cortázar, this article describes and exemplifies numerous translational problems with respect to grammatical gender. In spite of the difficulties in Spanish of entirely avoiding gender/ sex references, Cortázar deliberately endeavours (successfully) to hide the gender of the protagonist couple by tricking the reader into a heterosexual, stereotypical mindset until, at the end of the story, he reveals that the couple consists of two women, forcing the reader to reanalyse and reinterpret the entire story. As this article shows, not all translators seem to be aware of Cortázar’s subtle play with grammatical gender, and vice versa - in this case - biological gender and, therefore, entirely miss the quintessence of the story. A relevant question that arises is whether it is possible in the languages under consideration to translate this playing with gender at all, or whether constraints as to the structure of the languages impede it (for example, differences between grammatical gender and natural gender languages). Finally, some evidence is brought forward to address the question of how the (mis)translated short stories were received by reviewers.","PeriodicalId":190848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 7","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121182433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Un andaluz responde a Washington Irving: las Tradiciones granadinas (1849) de José Soler de la Fuente","authors":"J. Galiana","doi":"10.3828/BHS.2021.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/BHS.2021.38","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000José Soler de la Fuente publicó en 1849 una compilación de cuentos titulada Tradiciones granadinas. La obra tenía por objeto recrear numerosas leyendas y tradiciones asociadas a la ciudad de Granada. Por el tema, la colección bien podría relacionarse con los Cuentos de la Alhambra (1832) de Washington Irving, si bien con una salvedad, y es que Soler de la Fuente se propone, en esta ocasión, llevar a cabo una respuesta a la obra de Washington Irving, que presentaba España como una nación oriental, influenciada por los musulmanes. La Granada que vemos en las Tradiciones granadinas, en cambio, será por completo cristiana, y las tropas islámicas aparecen únicamente retratadas como enemigos que vencer, cuya derrota llena de honor y gloria a las huestes cristianas, y supone un orgullo para la imaginada nación.","PeriodicalId":190848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 7","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130853542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elegir el mal menor: las derivaciones de un debate ético-económico medieval en El Conde Lucanor","authors":"Raúl Álvarez Moreno","doi":"10.3828/BHS.2021.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/BHS.2021.36","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Este artículo investiga el exemplum 38 del Conde Lucanor, en el que un hombre muere cruzando un río tras decidir no soltar su tesoro, que apenas ha recibido atención de la crítica. Sin que se conozca el origen de la historia, tras proponer dos potenciales fuentes dominicas y estudiar el contexto económico-social, planteamos que, más allá de una condena abstracta del pecado de la avaricia, don Juan Manuel reprueba la acumulación de riquezas por el estamento no nobiliario. El exemplum podría leerse además como una variante del debate escolástico de los actos voluntarios e involuntarios (elección), desarrollado por figuras como Tomás de Aquino. Esta doble lectura confirmaría, además de algunos de los aspectos apuntados por la crítica tradicional para el Conde Lucanor (relevancia cultural del reinado de Sancho IV, conexión dominica, necesidad de leer los exempla en conjunción con el resto de partes…), la mayor complejidad semántica sugerida por críticos como Laurence de Looze o Jonathan Burgoyne.","PeriodicalId":190848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 7","volume":"os-4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128078750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who Translated Lorca into English First? An Analysis of the 1929 New York Translations and their Possible Authorship","authors":"A. Walsh","doi":"10.3828/BHS.2021.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/BHS.2021.39","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article analyses the disputed and currently unresolved issue of who was responsible for the first translations into English of the work of Federico García Lorca. These were versions of two of the Gypsy Ballads, which were published anonymously in August 1929 in the New York based Hispanic journal Alhambra, shortly after Lorca’s arrival in the city. The article first presents the background to these translations and the publication in which they appeared, and examines the respective biographical merits and circumstantial claims of the two candidates to be Lorca’s first translators into English, Philip Cummings and Ángel Flores. The article then analyses the textual characteristics of the translations, compares and contrasts them with the translational styles of both candidates in their other Spanish-English poetry translations, and offers some conclusions as to who was most likely to have been Lorca’s first translator into English.","PeriodicalId":190848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 7","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128746886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Narrativas del desierto: la literatura mexicana ante la crisis actual de derechos humanos","authors":"Francisco Carrillo Martín","doi":"10.3828/BHS.2021.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/BHS.2021.41","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Este artículo analiza uno de los motivos, el viaje de la ciudad al desierto, más reiterados en la literatura mexicana de las últimas tres décadas. El espacio de partida simboliza la promesa moderna de progreso; el de destino, el fracaso de esta, sustituida por una dimensión donde la mirada letrada cede ante los lenguajes del crimen organizado, la desaparición forzada o el tránsito migrante. Tal desplazamiento caracteriza las ‘narrativas del desierto’ a las que me refiero en el título, así como los tres archivos que surgen de ellas y articulan el presente trabajo: el archivo necropolítico hace referencia a la crisis de derechos humanos que ejerce de motor de estas escrituras. El archivo de género a la conciencia feminista que muestran y al hecho de que el feminicidio se destaque como uno de sus principales ejes temáticos. Por último, el archivo migrante surge de un viaje que oscila del ámbito argumental al formal, como propuestas que cuestionan la unidad del libro y las lógicas del mundo editorial. A través de estos tres archivos trazo un panorama de la literatura mexicana de hoy.","PeriodicalId":190848,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 7","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128813875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}