{"title":"X-Ray Optics for X-Ray Laser Research Applications","authors":"N. Ceglio","doi":"10.1017/S0263034600002342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263034600002342","url":null,"abstract":"State of the art capabilities in soft x-ray lenses, multilayer mirrors, beamsplitters, and synthetically generated holograms are reviewed. Application of these capabilities in recent x-ray laser cavity experiments, and to the development of a soft x-ray interferometer and a high intensity (≳1013 watt/cm2) soft x-ray laser are discussed.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124126541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Watanabe, A. Endoh, M. Watanabe, N. Sarukura, K. Hata
{"title":"Multiterawatt Excimer Laser System","authors":"S. Watanabe, A. Endoh, M. Watanabe, N. Sarukura, K. Hata","doi":"10.1364/JOSAB.6.001870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.6.001870","url":null,"abstract":"A peak power of 4 TW has been obtained in KrF with an output energy of 1.5 J in 390 fs from an electron-beam-pumped amplifier with an active cross section of 320 cm2. The amplified spontaneous emission was as low as 1.8% in energy. The pulse width was measured by the newly-developed third-order autocorrelation technique based on the XeF C-A transition. An initial pulse width of 210 fs was increased to 390 fs through amplifiers. The process of the pulse width broadening was investigated in detail through dummy optics, the thickness of which coinsides with the entire system. The broadening was attributed mainly to the linear dispersion of thick optics for near-transform-limited input pulses. Nonlinear absorption and self-phase modulation were not significant in the output window of a 25-cm-thick CaF2 at an intensity of 13 GW/cm2.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114161107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X-Ray Laser Related Experiments and Theory at Princeton","authors":"S. Suckewer","doi":"10.1364/swcr.1988.swlos36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1988.swlos36","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new system for the development of an X-ray laser in the wavelength region from 5 nm to 1 nm utilizing a Powerful Sub-Picosecond Laser (PP-Laser) of expected peak power up to 0.5 TW in a 300 fsec pulse. Soft X-ray spectra generated by the interaction of the PP-Laser beam with different targets are presented and compared to the spectra generated by a much less intense laser beam (20-30 GW). A theoretical model for the interaction of atoms with such a strong laser EM field is also briefly discussed. The development of additional amplifiers for the recombining soft X-ray laser and the design of a cavity are presented from the point of view of applications for X-ray microscopy and microlithography. The overview ends with the presentation of recent results on the quenching of spontaneous emission radiation and its possible effect on the absolute intensity calibration of soft X-ray spectrometers.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128319236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Meixler, C. Nam, J. Robinson, W. Tighe, K. Krushelnick, S. Suckewer, J. Goldhar, J. Seely, U. Feldman
{"title":"High Power, Short Pulse Ultra-Violet Laser for the Development of a New X-Ray Laser","authors":"L. Meixler, C. Nam, J. Robinson, W. Tighe, K. Krushelnick, S. Suckewer, J. Goldhar, J. Seely, U. Feldman","doi":"10.2172/6139488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6139488","url":null,"abstract":"A high power, short pulse ultra-violet laser system (Powerful Picosecond-Laser) has been developed at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) as part of experiments designed to generate shorter wavelength X-ray lasers. With the addition of pulse compression and a final KrF amplifier the laser output is expected to have reached 1/3-1/2 TW levels. The laser system, particularly the final amplifier, will be described along with some initial soft X-ray spectra from laser-target experiments, The front-end of the PP-Laser provides an output of 20-30 GW and can be focussed to intensities of ~1016 W/cm2. Experiments using this output to examine the effects of a prepulse on laser-target interaction will be described.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129956900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigations of Multiphoton Excitation and Ionization in a Short Range Potential","authors":"S. Susskind, S. Cowley, E. Valeo","doi":"10.1364/swcr.1988.hilim251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1988.hilim251","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce an approach to the study of excitation and ionization for a system containing a model confining potential consisting of a set of δ-functions. In particular, analytical and numerical results are presented for the multiphoton ionization rate, under strong field conditions, of an electron confined by a δ-function potential.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132185572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflectance of Aluminum Reflectors in the Extreme Ultraviolet","authors":"M. L. Scott","doi":"10.1364/swcr.1988.od322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1988.od322","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated a new concept in retro-reflectors for use in the extreme ultraviolet, namely, UHV aluminum coated, multi-facet, grazing-incidence mirrors. Our results indicate that this type of mirror, which utilizes total-external-reflectance, works very well in the wavelength range from 35 nm to 100 nm (89 ± 3% measured retroreflectance at 58.4 nm for a 9-facet mirror). However, the coated mirror surfaces must not be allowed to oxidize after deposition, which implies that the retro-reflector must be coated and used in situ or the oxide layer must be removed in a ultra-high vacuum (UHV) system.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114612355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X-Ray Holographic Microscopy: Improved Images of Zymogen Granules","authors":"C. Jacobsen, M. Howels, J. Kirz","doi":"10.1364/swcr.1988.mh303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1988.mh303","url":null,"abstract":"Soft x-ray holography has long been considered as a technique for x-ray microscopy [1]. It has been only recently, however, that sub-micron resolution has been obtained in x-ray holography [2-4]. This paper will concentrate on recent progress we have made in obtaining reconstructed images of improved quality.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"03 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121085018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kung, T. Trickl, E. Cromwell, M.J.J. Varkking, Yuan‐Pern Lee
{"title":"Ultra-High Resolution VUV-XUV Laser: Application to the Hyperfine Study of Krypton","authors":"A. Kung, T. Trickl, E. Cromwell, M.J.J. Varkking, Yuan‐Pern Lee","doi":"10.1364/swcr.1988.soa411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1988.soa411","url":null,"abstract":"A near-transform-limited VUV-XUV laser source with 210 MHz resolution has been constructed and used to study the hyperfine splitting, isotope shift, and lifetime of the three lowest ns (n=5,6,7) Rydberg states of Krypton.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"1034 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123130334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Attwood, Y. Vladimirsky, D. Kern, W. Meyer-Ilse, J. Kirz, S. Rothman, H. Rarback, N. Iskander, K. Mcquaid, H. Ade
{"title":"X-Ray Microscopy for the Life and Physical Sciences","authors":"D. Attwood, Y. Vladimirsky, D. Kern, W. Meyer-Ilse, J. Kirz, S. Rothman, H. Rarback, N. Iskander, K. Mcquaid, H. Ade","doi":"10.1364/swcr.1988.mh274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1988.mh274","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in x-ray microscopy coupled with the development of bright, partially coherent radiation at x-ray wavelengths, herald a new period in which scientists in diverse disciplines will use x-ray imaging and probing techniques to see ever smaller structures, write ever smaller patterns, and study physical, chemical and biological systems, not only with an elemental sensitivity, but in many cases with a sensitivity to details of bonding. The combination of x-ray microscopy and various emission spectroscopies will permit the study of surfaces, thin films and material interfaces, as well as biological samples in their natural, unaltered and hydrated state1,2.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114188005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Feitisch, T. Muller, H. Welling, B. Wellegehausen
{"title":"Continuous Anti-Stokes Raman Laser Operation","authors":"A. Feitisch, T. Muller, H. Welling, B. Wellegehausen","doi":"10.1364/swcr.1988.swlos163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1988.swlos163","url":null,"abstract":"The non parametric anti-Stokes Raman process provides a possibility for the efficient upconversion of infrared or visible laser radiation into the uv and vuv spectral range. Especially for cw operation the active materials in discharge excited gas laser systems may be used. A first cw system has been operated in an argon ion laser, where 648.3 nm radiation of a dye laser could be converted into 437.5 nm radiation, with a conversion efficiency of more than 20 % and a maximum output power of 150 mW.","PeriodicalId":190758,"journal":{"name":"Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121723554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}