Neotropical Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Odonata Diversity and Ecological Thresholds in Protected Areas of the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Kenned Silva Sousa, Joás Silva Brito, Gabriel Martins Cruz, Rafael Costa Bastos, Cristian Camilo Mendoza-Penagos, Everton Silva, Luciano Montag, José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior, Gabriel Brejão, Lilian Casatti, Thaísa Sala Michelan, Leandro Juen, Karina Dias-Silva","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01265-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01265-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment of conservation units (CUs) aims to preserve biodiversity, yet these areas are under great anthropogenic pressure, particularly from logging, mining, and cattle ranching. Considering this context, our study assesses the importance of the protected area (National Park) and habitat integrity using the Habitat Integrity Index (HII) for conserving Odonata assemblages. Our hypothesis is that (1) the sites within the national park would have higher HII scores and greater Zygoptera diversity metrics (species diversity, abundance, proportions, and composition) compared to the scores of the sites outside the park; and (2) considering the habitat integrity of the streams, Anisoptera and Zygoptera serve as indicators, with the former associated with lower scores and the latter with higher scores. We sampled 25 streams (both within and outside) of the Jamanxim National Park, identifying 43 species of Odonata, including 16 Anisoptera and 27 Zygoptera. Streams outside the national park harbored the highest number of exclusive Anisoptera and Zygoptera species. Linear models revealed a significant negative correlation between habitat integrity and Anisoptera abundance only. Moreover, significant differences in Anisoptera abundance were observed between streams within and outside the national park, along with distinct heterogeneity in Anisoptera species composition. The decrease in Anisoptera abundance with increasing habitat integrity may be attributed to their preference for open areas for thermoregulation. Conversely, the positive response of Zygoptera species to habitat integrity underscores their reliance on more conserved environments, enhancing our understanding of their ecological requirements. These results reinforce the importance and efficiency of Odonata as a bioindicators of environmental quality and integrating the order into aquatic monitoring programs alongside the HII, provides a straightforward and objective measure of environmental disturbance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition and Acaricidal and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae).","authors":"Roque Alves da Silva Júnior, Maressa de Carvalho Fragoso, Beatriz Astori Paraguassu, Rodrigues Agostinho Marcos, Rodrigo Scherer, Vanessa Moreira Osório, Hugo Bolsoni Zago, Tadeu Uggere de Andrade","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01263-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01263-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tithonia diversifolia is a plant from the Asteraceae family that, due to the large quantity of hydrogenated monoterpenes present in its essential oil, can be used to prepare a product capable of combating agricultural pests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out a phytochemical screening of the components of the essential oil produced by hydrodistillation of the leaves of T. diversifolia and to verify its possible acaricidal applications in the control of the Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and insecticidal applications in the control of the de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), both via fumigation. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 32.67% β-pinene, 24.74% α-pinene and 22.69% limonene, among other components, in the essential oil of T. diversifolia. Fumigation tests revealed 52% mortality of T. urticae at a concentration of 20 µL/L of air and 96% at 80 µL/L of air. The insecticidal activity tests on the S. zeamais showed no mortality, but the repellency tests on this same insect showed promising results close to 100% at a concentration of 10 µL/L of air. Taken together, these results confirm the acaricidal efficacy of the essential oil through fumigation against the T. urticae and its repellent activity against the S. zeamais. These results suggest the potential for further research into the application of the chemical components of T. diversifolia essential oil in arthropod control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EPG Reveals Dinotefuran's Efficiency in Suppressing the Feeding Behavior of Frankliniella occidentalis on Kidney Bean Leaves.","authors":"Song Tian, Junrui Zhi, Wenbo Yue, Dingyin Li, Li Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01264-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01264-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the serious damage pests on agricultural production globally. Dinotefuran is an effective insecticide to control this pest. This study compared the feeding behavior and feeding area of F. occidentalis on the kidney bean leaves under four treatments: F. occidentalis, whether treated with dinotefuran (DWFT) or untreated (CWFT), each fed on kidney bean leaves that were either treated with dinotefuran (DP) or untreated with dinotefuran (CP). (labeled as: DWFT-DP, CWFT-DP, DWFT-CP, and CWFT-CP (control), respectively). After 72 h, the LC₅₀ and LC₂₅ of dinotefuran against F. occidentalis were 39.018 mg L^-1 and 20.441 mg L^-1, respectively. The total number of probes, total time probing, the number and duration of noningestion probes and short-ingestion probes were significantly lower in DWFT-DP and CWFT-DP compared with the control, while the total duration of non-probing significantly increased, and a significant reduction in the number and total duration of long-ingestion probes was observed only in DWFT-DP. In contrast, there were few significant changes in the feeding behavior of F. occidentalis in DWFT-CP compared to control, with minimal effect on these electrical penetration graph parameters. Moreover, the feeding area of F. occidentalis decreased significantly by 39.20% and 48.58% in CWFT-DP and DWFT-DP than that in control, respectively. This study indicates that F. occidentalis feed on kidney bean leaves treated by sublethal concentrations of dinotefuran, and that their feeding behavior, ingestion, and feeding scars are impaired, and the effects are stronger in treated thrips than untreated ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and Habitat-related Variations in the Cuticular Chemical Profile of Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Foraging Workers.","authors":"Jean Carlos Dos Santos Lima, Omar Bailez, Jonathan Rodriguez Guerrero, Anália Arêdes, Maria Cristina Canela, Ana Maria Viana-Bailez","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01258-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01258-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) protect insects from dehydration and pathogen attack and participate in interindividual communication. In social insects, the CHC profile serves as a chemical identification system that communicates information on nest membership, life stage, caste, and fertility. It is known that factors such as diet composition, temperature, and humidity may affect the cuticular profile of leaf-cutting ants under laboratory conditions, hindering intercolony recognition. This study aimed to determine whether the CHC profile of leaf-cutting ants under natural conditions is influenced by the dominant type of vegetation. Atta sexdens (Linnaeus,1758) foraging workers were collected at different times of the year from nests located in a eucalyptus plantation and an Atlantic Forest site. Cuticular extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The CHC profiles of ants collected from both sites were compared qualitatively and quantitatively by discriminant analysis. In total, 17 compounds were detected in A. sexdens cuticles (n-C16 to n-C31), including 15 compounds in ants from the eucalyptus plantation and 13 compounds in ants from the Atlantic Forest. Of the 17 compounds, 8 were methylated CHCs, 3 were linear alkanes, 3 were unsaturated hydrocarbons, and 3 could not be identified. Ants collected from different sites contained unique cuticular compounds but did not differ in the relative concentrations of common compounds. Qualitative differences in CHC profile between ants inhabiting different environments can be explained by differences in diet composition. Furthermore, quantitative variations in CHCs throughout the year can be partially attributed to physiological responses to seasonal climatic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Fluctuating Head Asymmetry in Natural Populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae): How Does a Vector Control Treatment Influence the Phenotype of Nymphs and Adults?","authors":"María Laura Hernández, Raquel Miranda Gleiser","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01251-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01251-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In triatomines, the measurement of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) might help us infer the (non-lethal) effects of insecticides on morphological characters and how these changes can impact activities of utmost importance in vector management. Insects that survive chemical control present morphological alterations that impact their final development. Our work measures for the first time the changes in FA in nymphs and their comparison with the occurrence of these changes in adults before and after a chemical control. We determined the occurrence and quantified the FA of the head as an indicator of stress during development in adults and fifth instar nymphs of Triatoma infestans-one of the main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern cone of South America-to estimate the effect of exposure to insecticide in the different stages. We measured the FA of the heads of peridomestic populations of the Rioja Llanos (Argentina), pre-treatment with insecticide (15 years without chemical treatment) and post-treatment (3-4 months after the application). Our results show lower FA values in nymphs compared with adults. Furthermore, shape FA was higher post-treatment, although with some exceptions depending on sex. According to what was observed, we conclude that the post-treatment population would have differences over the pre-treatment population (FA increases), at least for fifth instar nymphs and adult males. The results are discussed considering the stage of nymphal development where the insecticide was applied, the possible repellence caused by the insecticide, the influence of insects from neighboring habitats, seasonality, and the compensatory mechanisms of development, among others. Working with field insects allows us to understand how populations react to an insecticide application, but without leaving aside characteristics of T. infestans populations under natural conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triatomine Fauna and Natural Infection by Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae) in the Caribbean Region of Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Marlon Mauricio Ardila, Adriano Cavadias-Barrozo, Iván Benavides-Céspedes, Jose D Sarmiento-Roa, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza, Sebastián Muñoz-Leal, Gabriel Parra-Henao, Leidi Herrera","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01254-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01254-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chagas disease (CD) is a zoonosis caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by insects of the subfamily Triatominae. Studies to identify the vectors involved in the transmission of T. cruzi have been conducted in the Caribbean regions of Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama. However, retrospective studies and comprehensive reviews covering these three countries are still lacking, limiting our understanding of this issue. This study used the PRISMA method to conduct a systematic review of studies on the triatomine fauna and its natural infection by T. cruzi in the Caribbean regions of Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela, using descriptors such as \"Chagas disease,\" \"Triatominae,\" and \"Trypanosoma cruzi\" applied individually for each state, department, or province of the three countries. A total of 3477 studies were identified through a search of the PubMed, Scielo, and ScienceDirect databases. After the selection process, 48 articles were included, with six additional articles obtained through indirect search methods. A total of 18,344 triatomines belonging to 14 species of seven genera were identified from these 48 articles. The most common species was Rhodnius pallescens (Barber) with 7540 individuals (41.10%). Among the total sample, 5158 triatomines (28.28%) tested positive for T. cruzi infection. Five discrete typing units (DTUs) were detected, TcI, TcII, TcIII, TcIV, and TcV, with TcI being more prevalent and widely distributed in the three countries. This study contributed significantly to the identification of knowledge gaps and priority areas for future epidemiologic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval and Larval-Pupal Parasitoids Associated with Major Owlet Moth Pests of Soybean and Maize in the Brazilian Savanna: Measures to Preserve Them in Crop Succession.","authors":"Norton Polo Benito, Filipe Macedo Gudin, Elcimar Pereira da Silva, Alexandre Specht, Elisangela Gomes Fidelis, Rogerio Biaggioni Lopes","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01262-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01262-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owlet moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) are among the most threatening pests of soybean and maize systems under intensive cropping in tropical and subtropical regions. Their high dispersal, larval polyphagia, and voracious feeding behavior often lead to severe grain production losses. Many parasitoids are associated with owlet moths; however, the ecological importance of larval parasitism in the soybean-maize crop rotation of the Brazilian savanna remains uncertain. We assessed larval parasitism in major lepidopteran pests of soybean and maize crops over three agricultural seasons in eight fields across Brazil's central-west region. Parasitic wasps were more common than tachinids on larvae of all lepidopteran species in both soybean and maize fields over the years. The larval parasitism rate by wasps averaged 9.7% in soybean fields and 13.6% in maize fields, whereas tachinids accounted for only 1.7% of parasitized larvae across both crops. The parasitism rate of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner was low in all soybean fields (< 4.9%), in contrast to the ones for Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (5.9 to 32.5%) and the Spodoptera Guenée complex (4.2 to 29.2%). In maize, parasitism rates of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) ranged from 8.4 to 26.0% among fields, primarily by Ichneumonidae. The consistent presence of wasps, such as Cotesia Cameron and Campoletis Förster, parasitizing multiple hosts across all soybean and maize fields and seasons highlights their role in the natural biological control of caterpillars in the soybean-maize crop succession. In this sense, this study discusses relevant aspects of conservation biological control within multiple cropping systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variability of Dalbulus maidis Populations from Brazil and Their Infectivity with Pathogens of Corn Stunt Complex.","authors":"Eduardo Silva Gorayeb, Samara Campos do Nascimento, Jacson Ferreira, Vitória Gabrielli Ferreira de Oliveira, Daian Marcos Savaris, Luan Tiago Dos Santos Carbonari, Leandro Prado Ribeiro, Maria Cristina Canale, Fábio Nascimento da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01257-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01257-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a key pest of maize crops in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. In addition to direct damage, its major impact is related to its action as insect vector of pathogens related to corn stunting complex (CSC). CSC diseases are currently the most important and cause severe crop losses in Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, and the southern United States, and outbreaks have been more oftenly reported. Little information is available on the population characteristics of the corn leafhopper and its bioecology. In this sense, we analyzed the genetic diversity of 120 representative specimens of D. maidis from four regions of Brazil (Northeast, Southeast, South, and Central-West) using a region of the mitochondrial gene coding for the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) as molecular marker. In addition, the infectivity of the collected insects with CSC pathogens was assessed to verify the prevalence of each CSC pathogen in specimens collected from different regions of Brazil. The Brazilian D. maidis population studied was divided into 18 mitochondrial haplotypes, focusing on haplotypes A, B, and C, which are predominant in this country. In addition, the mtCOI gene of D. maidis was found to have low variability in Brazil (π = 0.00171). Our data suggest that there are no spatial or temporal barriers between the different populations of D. maidis studied, which could be due to a short evolutionary time and its outstanding dispersion capacity. In addition, this study revealed a prevalence of infected leafhoppers with any of the CSC pathogens in Brazil, with more than half of the samples analyzed carrying at least one of the phytopathogens studied. Our study provides insights on population pest management of D. maidis in order to prevent CSC incidence in maize crops and pest resistance development in these vector populations to agricultural pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab Toxins on the Development of the Predator Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi Through Prey-Mediated Tri-trophic Interactions.","authors":"Jagdeep Kaur, Naveen Aggarwal","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01255-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01255-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adopting genetically modified crops in developing nations like India has consistently been hindered by apprehensions regarding their impact on non-target arthropods. Consequently, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of Bt toxins of BG-II cotton on the common green lacewing [Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen)], indirectly exposing them to the toxins. Prey-mediated feeding bioassays, utilizing BG-II cotton and non-Bt cotton plants as hosts, two prey herbivores, specifically Aphis gossypii Glover and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), were conducted on several days to assess the effects of Cry toxins on the growth of C. z. sillemi. The ELISA assay quantified the Cry toxins across three trophic levels and revealed that the leaves had the highest quantities of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins, measuring 7.36 and 23.54 µg/g FW, respectively. In contrast, herbivores and predators exhibited very low concentrations of Cry toxins. Although traces of Cry toxins were found in both herbivores and predators, they had no negative impacts on any of the predator's developmental characteristics including total larval development period, pupal period, adult weight, adult longevity, and fecundity/female confirming that these toxins do not threaten C. z. sillemi.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal Efficacy of Chloris virgata Extracts Against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus with Insights into Mode of Action via Molecular Docking.","authors":"Babu Muthu, Patheri Kunyil Kaleena, Abirami Thanigachalam, Velu Kuppan, Janaki Arumugam, Ashok Kamalanathan, Nael Abutaha, Fahd A Al-Mekhlafi, Mohammed S Al-Khalifa","doi":"10.1007/s13744-025-01250-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-025-01250-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has resulted in significant challenges, such as environmental pollution and growing insecticide resistance. In response, there is increasing interest in eco-friendly alternatives like plant-based larvicides. This study assesses the larvicidal efficacy of Chloris virgate (Poales: Poaceae) extracts against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae), and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae), and investigates the bioactive chemical compounds responsible for this activity. Soxhlet individual extraction was performed using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethanol, and methanol solvents are used separately to extract bioactive compounds from C. virgata. This approach allows for the selective extraction of specific compounds based on their solubility in each solvent. The extracts were tested on fourth instar larvae, and lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) were calculated via probit analysis. The methanol extract exhibited the lowest LC50 and LC90 values against Culex quinquefasciatus, with LC50 at 80.11 ppm and LC90 at 176.22 ppm, suggesting higher toxicity and effectiveness in larvicidal activity. Methanol extracts significantly affected mosquito larvae midguts, causing cytoplasmic thinning, muscle fiber disorganization, and brush border disruption. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified major compounds such as stigmasterol, campesterol, and γ-sitosterol. Campesterol, 4.alpha.,14-Dimethyl-5.alpha, and Lanosterol showed strong binding affinities with acetylcholine esterase (5X61), exhibiting multiple hydrophobic interactions with key residues, including TRP 441, TYR 282, and CYS 447. Campesterol also displayed significant binding to Sterol Carrier Protein-2 (1PZ4) and Odorant-Binding Protein (3OGN) with several hydrophobic interactions, achieving binding affinities of - 10.1 kcal/mol and - 9.7 kcal/mol, respectively. This study highlights the potential of C. virgata methanol extracts as a promising eco-friendly larvicide for mosquito population management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"54 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}