Nature Materials最新文献

{"title":"Non-fullerene electron-transporting materials for high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells","authors":"Kui Feng, Guoliang Wang, Qing Lian, Sergio Gámez-Valenzuela, Bolin Li, Riqing Ding, Wanli Yang, Keli Wang, Jie Zeng, Yong Zhang, Sang Young Jeong, Baomin Xu, Anita Ho-Baillie, Han Young Woo, Antonio Facchetti, Xugang Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02163-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02163-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electron-transporting material (ETM) is a key component of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) optimizing electron extraction from perovskite to cathode. Fullerenes, specifically C₆₀ and [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), have been used as the benchmark ETMs for inverted PSCs. However, C₆₀ is restricted to thermal evaporation, and PCBM suffers from poor photothermal stability and suboptimal electron transport, limiting their PSC applications. Here a solution-processable non-fullerene ETM, cyano-functionalized bithiophene imide dimer (CNI2)-based polymer (PCNI2-BTI), holds multiple advantages, including excellent photothermal stability, efficient electron transport and improved interaction with the perovskite layer. Consequently, inverted PSCs incorporating PCNI2-BTI deliver an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.0% (certified 25.4%) and remarkable operational stability, with a <i>T</i>₈₀ approaching 1,300 h under ISOS-L-3. Moreover, we synthesize three additional CNI2-based polymer ETMs, yielding an average PCE of &gt;25% in PSCs. These findings demonstrate unprecedented potential of non-fullerene ETMs enabling high-performance and stable PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab-to-fab progress for organic photovoltaics","authors":"Wei Fan","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02160-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-025-02160-7","url":null,"abstract":"Derya Baran, an associate professor at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Department of Materials Science and Engineering), talks to Nature Materials about the progress of laboratory-to-fabrication for organic photovoltaics","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"24 3","pages":"324-325"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frozen non-equilibrium dynamics of exciton Mott insulators in moiré superlattices","authors":"Shibin Deng,&nbsp;Heonjoon Park,&nbsp;Jonas Reimann,&nbsp;Jonas M. Peterson,&nbsp;Daria D. Blach,&nbsp;Meng-Jia Sun,&nbsp;Tengfei Yan,&nbsp;Dewei Sun,&nbsp;Takashi Taniguchi,&nbsp;Kenji Watanabe,&nbsp;Xiaodong Xu,&nbsp;Dante M. Kennes,&nbsp;Libai Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02135-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-025-02135-8","url":null,"abstract":"Moiré superlattices, such as those formed from transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures, have emerged as an exciting platform for exploring quantum many-body physics. They have the potential to serve as solid-state analogues to ultracold gases for quantum simulations. A key open question is the coherence and dynamics of the quantum phases arising from photoexcited moiré excitons, particularly amid dissipation. Here we use transient photoluminescence and ultrafast reflectance microscopy to image non-equilibrium exciton phase transitions. Counterintuitively, experimental results and theoretical simulations indicate that strong long-range dipolar repulsion freezes the motion of the Mott insulator phase for over 70 ns. In mixed electron–exciton lattices, reduced dipolar interactions lead to diminished freezing dynamics. These findings challenge the prevailing notion that repulsion disperses particles, whereas attraction binds them. The observed phenomenon of frozen dynamics due to strong repulsive interactions is characteristic of highly coherent systems, a feature previously realized exclusively in ultracold gases. The authors image non-equilibrium exciton phase-transition dynamics in moiré superlattices, revealing how strong long-range dipolar repulsion freezes the motion of the Mott insulator over a timescale of tens of nanoseconds.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"24 4","pages":"527-534"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic crystallographic analysis of dislocations in molecular crystals","authors":"Sang T. Pham, Natalia Koniuch, Emily Wynne, Andy Brown, Sean M. Collins","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02138-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02138-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organic molecular crystals encompass a vast range of materials from pharmaceuticals to organic optoelectronics, proteins and waxes in biological and industrial settings. Crystal defects from grain boundaries to dislocations are known to play key roles in mechanisms of growth^1,2 and in the functional properties of molecular crystals^3,4,5. In contrast to the precise analysis of individual defects in metals, ceramics and inorganic semiconductors enabled by electron microscopy, substantially greater ambiguity remains in the experimental determination of individual dislocation character and slip systems in molecular materials³. In large part, nanoscale dislocation analysis in molecular crystals has been hindered by the low electron doses required to avoid irreversibly degrading these crystals⁶. Here we present a low-dose, single-exposure approach enabling nanometre-resolved analysis of individual dislocations in molecular crystals. We demonstrate the approach for a range of crystal types to reveal dislocation character and operative slip systems unambiguously.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic view of frozen excitons","authors":"Nadine Leisgang,&nbsp;Andrés M. Mier Valdivia","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02174-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-025-02174-1","url":null,"abstract":"Moiré superlattices formed from semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides have become an exciting platform for visualizing Hubbard physics in hybrid fermionic and bosonic systems.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"24 4","pages":"476-477"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-density brush-shaped polymer lipids reduce anti-PEG antibody binding for repeated administration of mRNA therapeutics","authors":"Yufen Xiao, Xizhen Lian, Yehui Sun, Yun-Chieh Sung, Amogh Vaidya, Zexiang Chen, Ankit Gupta, Sumanta Chatterjee, Lining Zheng, Erick Guerrero, Xu Wang, Lukas Farbiak, Yangyang Yang, Marc I. Diamond, Cecilia Leal, Jeffrey G. McDonald, Daniel J. Siegwart","doi":"10.1038/s41563-024-02116-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-02116-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Messenger RNA lipid-nanoparticle-based therapies represent an emerging class of medicines for a variety of applications. However, anti-poly(ethylene glycol) (anti-PEG) antibodies generated by widely used PEGylated medicines and lipid nanoparticles hinder therapeutic efficacy upon repeated dosing. Here we report the chemical design, synthesis and optimization of high-density brush-shaped polymer lipids that reduce anti-PEG antibody binding to improve protein production consistency in repeated dosing. Brush-shaped polymer lipid parameters, including side chain length, degree of polymerization, anchor alkyl length and surface regimes on lipid nanoparticles modulate anti-PEG antibody binding affinity and control their blood circulation pharmacokinetics. Compared to widely used 1,2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000, lipid nanoparticles containing brush-shaped polymer lipids generate superior therapeutic outcomes in protein replacement therapy and genome editing models, reformulating structure–activity guidelines for the design of PEG lipid substitutes. Overall, these findings contribute to the general effort in the development of lipid nanoparticles with low immunogenicity to overcome current roadblocks to nucleic acid medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operando-informed precatalyst programming towards reliable high-current-density electrolysis","authors":"Lu Xia, Bruna Ferreira Gomes, Wulyu Jiang, Daniel Escalera-López, Yang Wang, Yang Hu, Alaa Y. Faid, Kaiwen Wang, Tengyu Chen, Kaiqi Zhao, Xu Zhang, Yingtang Zhou, Ranit Ram, Barbara Polesso, Anku Guha, Jiaqi Su, Carlos M. S. Lobo, Michael Haumann, Robert Spatschek, Svein Sunde, Lin Gan, Ming Huang, Xiaoyuan Zhou, Christina Roth, Werner Lehnert, Serhiy Cherevko, Liyong Gan, F. Pelayo García de Arquer, Meital Shviro","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02128-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02128-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrocatalysts support crucial industrial processes and emerging decarbonization technologies, but their design is hindered by structural and compositional changes during operation, especially at application-relevant current densities. Here we use operando X-ray spectroscopy and modelling to track, and eventually direct, the reconstruction of iron sulfides and oxides for the oxygen evolution reaction. We show that inappropriate activation protocols lead to uncontrollable Fe oxidation and irreversible catalyst degradation, compromising stability and reliability and precluding predictive design. Based on these, we develop activation programming strategies that, considering the thermodynamics and kinetics of surface reconstruction, offer control over precatalyst oxidation. This enables reliable predictions and the design of active and stable electrocatalysts. In a Ni_<i>x</i>Fe_1−<i>x</i>S₂ model system, this leads to a threefold improvement in durability after programmed activation, with a cell degradation rate of 0.12 mV h⁻¹ over 550 h (standard operation: 0.29 mV h⁻¹, constrained to 200 h), in an anion exchange membrane water electrolyser operating at 1 A cm⁻². This work bridges predictive modelling and experimental design, improving the electrocatalyst reliability for industrial water electrolysis and beyond at high current densities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"85 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High electrostrain due to a chemopiezoelectric effect","authors":"Dragan Damjanovic","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02149-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-025-02149-2","url":null,"abstract":"Hopping of oxygen vacancies under an alternating field generates a large and robust electrostrain in lead-free piezoelectrics.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"24 4","pages":"484-486"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid self-strengthening in double-network hydrogels triggered by bond scission","authors":"Zhi Jian Wang,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Xueyu Li,&nbsp;Tasuku Nakajima,&nbsp;Michael Rubinstein,&nbsp;Jian Ping Gong","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02137-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-025-02137-6","url":null,"abstract":"The scission of chemical bonds in materials can lead to catastrophic failure, with weak bonds typically undermining the materials’ strength. Here we demonstrate how weak bonds can be leveraged to achieve self-strengthening in polymer network materials. These weak sacrificial bonds trigger mechanochemical reactions, forming new networks rapidly enough to reinforce the material during deformation and significantly improve crack resistance. This rapid strengthening exhibits strong rate dependence, dictated by the interplay between bond breaking and the kinetics of force-induced network formation. As the network formation is generally applicable to diverse monomers and crosslinkers with different kinetics, a wide range of mechanical properties can be obtained. These findings may inspire the design of tough polymer materials with on-demand, rate-dependent mechanical behaviours through mechanochemistry, broadening their applications across various fields. Weak bonds enable self-strengthening in polymers by triggering mechanochemical reactions during deformation, forming new networks that enhance strength and crack resistance. This rate-dependent process allows custom design of tough polymers.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"24 4","pages":"607-614"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High electrostrain in a lead-free piezoceramic from a chemopiezoelectric effect","authors":"Ze Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoming Shi,&nbsp;Yi-Xuan Liu,&nbsp;Danyang Wang,&nbsp;Hao-Cheng Thong,&nbsp;Yuqi Jiang,&nbsp;Zijie Sha,&nbsp;Zhao Li,&nbsp;Fang-Zhou Yao,&nbsp;Xian-Xian Cai,&nbsp;Hao-Feng Huang,&nbsp;Zhanpeng Xu,&nbsp;Xinyu Jin,&nbsp;Chen-Bo-Wen Li,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaowei Ren,&nbsp;Zhihao Dong,&nbsp;Chaofeng Wu,&nbsp;Peter Kabakov,&nbsp;Fangyuan Zhu,&nbsp;Feng Chen,&nbsp;Peng Tan,&nbsp;Hao Tian,&nbsp;Haozhi Sha,&nbsp;Rong Yu,&nbsp;Ben Xu,&nbsp;Wen Gong,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wang,&nbsp;Jing-Feng Li,&nbsp;Stephen J. Skinner,&nbsp;Ming Li,&nbsp;Houbing Huang,&nbsp;Shujun Zhang,&nbsp;Ke Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41563-024-02092-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-024-02092-8","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric materials are indispensable in electromechanical actuators, which require a large electrostrain with a fast and precise response. By designing a chemopiezoelectric effect, we developed an approach to achieve a high electrostrain of 1.9% under −3 kV mm−1, at 1 Hz, corresponding to an effective piezoelectric coefficient of &gt;6,300 pm V−1 at room temperature in lead-free potassium sodium niobate piezoceramics. This electrostrain has satisfactory fatigue resistance and thermal stability, and low hysteresis, far outperforming existing lead-based and lead-free perovskite counterparts. From tracer diffusion, atomic optical emission spectrometry experiments, combined with machine-learning molecular dynamics and phase-field simulations, we attribute the high electrostrain to short-range hopping of oxygen vacancies near ceramic surfaces under an alternating electric field, which is supported by strain levels reaching 3.0% under the same applied field when the sample was annealed at a low oxygen partial pressure. These findings provide an additional degree of freedom for designing materials on the basis of defect engineering, which will favour not only the electrostrain of piezoelectrics but also the functional properties of a broader range of oxide-based materials. The authors demonstrate a chemopiezoelectric effect in which the displacive migration of oxygen vacancies driven by an electric field induces a large strain in the surface layer of thin (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics. They achieve an electrostrain of 1.9% under a field of −3 kV mm−1, with thermal stability up to 200 °C.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"24 4","pages":"565-573"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}