Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-31DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02143-8
Markus Joos, Xiaolan Kang, Rotraut Merkle, Joachim Maier
{"title":"Water uptake of solids and its impact on ion transport","authors":"Markus Joos, Xiaolan Kang, Rotraut Merkle, Joachim Maier","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02143-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02143-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interaction modes of water with (polar) solids are manifold, comprising surface adsorption and incorporation into the bulk, both in molecular and in dissociated form. This Review discusses these processes and the respective pronounced effects on the ionic transport properties. The concentration as well as the mobility of ionic carriers can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the water content on or within a solid. Selected materials examples, which are relevant for electrochemical devices (for example, low- and intermediate-temperature fuel cells) or which are of fundamental interest (such as molecular water acting as dopant in a lithium halide), are treated in more detail. Interrelations between hydration and electronic defects are also briefly touched upon.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02194-x
Zhigong Song, Boyu Zhang, Yingchao Yang, Guanhui Gao, Daiming Tang, Qiyi Fang, Youtian Zhang, Bongki Shin, Doug Steinbach, Qing Ai, Xuan Zhao, Yimo Han, Nitin P. Padture, Brian W. Sheldon, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Huajian Gao, Jun Lou
{"title":"Flaw-size-dependent mechanical interlayer coupling and edge-reconstruction embrittlement in van der Waals materials","authors":"Zhigong Song, Boyu Zhang, Yingchao Yang, Guanhui Gao, Daiming Tang, Qiyi Fang, Youtian Zhang, Bongki Shin, Doug Steinbach, Qing Ai, Xuan Zhao, Yimo Han, Nitin P. Padture, Brian W. Sheldon, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Huajian Gao, Jun Lou","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02194-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02194-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Van der Waals (vdW) materials consisting of two-dimensional (2D) building blocks have strong in-plane covalent bonding and weak interlayer interactions. While monolayer 2D materials exhibit impressive fracture resistance, as demonstrated in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), preserving these remarkable properties in vdW materials remains a challenge. Here we reveal an anomalous mechanical interlayer coupling that involves interlayer-friction toughening and edge-reconstruction embrittlement during the fracture of multilayer h-BN. Both asynchronous and synchronous fracture modes and their flaw-size dependence are identified. Edge reconstruction in the synchronous fracture mode can eliminate a toughening mechanism induced by lattice asymmetry in monolayer h-BN, leading to embrittlement of the multilayer h-BN, while the asynchronous fracture mode results in greater fracture resistance. Such findings will provide fundamental guidelines for engineering interlayer interactions in vdW materials including heterostructures and layered architectures for better mechanical and functional performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02191-0
Zhagen Miao, Can Gao, Molin Shen, Peng Wang, Haikuo Gao, Jinbei Wei, Jian Deng, Dan Liu, Zhengsheng Qin, Pu Wang, Yanan Lei, Shih-Chun Lo, Xiaotao Zhang, Guangcai Yuan, Ebinazar B. Namdas, Yuguang Ma, Huanli Dong, Wenping Hu
{"title":"Organic light-emitting transistors with high efficiency and narrow emission originating from intrinsic multiple-order microcavities","authors":"Zhagen Miao, Can Gao, Molin Shen, Peng Wang, Haikuo Gao, Jinbei Wei, Jian Deng, Dan Liu, Zhengsheng Qin, Pu Wang, Yanan Lei, Shih-Chun Lo, Xiaotao Zhang, Guangcai Yuan, Ebinazar B. Namdas, Yuguang Ma, Huanli Dong, Wenping Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02191-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02191-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Narrow electroluminescence is in high demand for high-resolution displays, optical communication and medical phototherapy. Organic light-emitting transistors, as three-terminal electroluminescent devices, offer advantages in simplifying device architecture and achieving high efficiency under gate regulation. However, achieving high efficiency and narrow emission remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate that laterally integrated organic light-emitting transistors with intrinsic multiple-order microcavities can enhance efficiency and narrow emission with a universal capability for different emitters. Full-width at half-maximum values of 18 nm for red, 14 nm for green and 13 nm for blue were achieved with a maximum narrowed degree of 68%. This resulted in an impressive BT.2020 colour gamut of 97%. The peak current efficiency or blue index values for red, green and blue organic light-emitting transistors reached 26.3 cd A<sup>−1</sup>, 37.3 cd A<sup>−1</sup> and 72.6, respectively. Moreover, organic light-emitting transistors exhibit much narrower emission and higher efficiency than equivalent, comparable devices due to their unique gate regulation capability. Our work could enable smart display technologies with high colour purity and enhanced efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"57 14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02195-w
Sai C. Yelishala, Yunxuan Zhu, P. M. Martinez, Hongxuan Chen, Mohammad Habibi, Giacomo Prampolini, Juan Carlos Cuevas, Wei Zhang, J. G. Vilhena, Longji Cui
{"title":"Phonon interference in single-molecule junctions","authors":"Sai C. Yelishala, Yunxuan Zhu, P. M. Martinez, Hongxuan Chen, Mohammad Habibi, Giacomo Prampolini, Juan Carlos Cuevas, Wei Zhang, J. G. Vilhena, Longji Cui","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02195-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02195-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wave interference allows unprecedented coherent control of various physical properties and has been widely studied in electronic and photonic materials. However, the interference of phonons, or thermal vibrations, central to understanding coherent thermal transport in all electrically insulating materials, has been poorly characterized due to experimental challenges. Here we report the observation of phonon interference at room temperature in molecular-scale junctions. This is enabled by custom-developed scanning thermal probes with combined high stability and sensitivity, allowing quantification of heat flow through molecular junctions one molecule at a time. Using isomers of oligo(phenylene ethynylene)3 with either <i>para</i>- or <i>meta</i>-connected centre rings, our experiments revealed a remarkable reduction in thermal conductance in <i>meta</i>-conformations. Quantum-mechanically accurate molecular dynamics simulations show that this difference arises from the destructive interference of phonons through the molecular backbone. This work opens opportunities for studying numerous wave-driven material properties of phonons down to the single-molecule level that have remained experimentally inaccessible.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02170-5
M. Kaniselvan, Y.-R. Jeon, M. Mladenović, M. Luisier, D. Akinwande
{"title":"Mechanisms of resistive switching in two-dimensional monolayer and multilayer materials","authors":"M. Kaniselvan, Y.-R. Jeon, M. Mladenović, M. Luisier, D. Akinwande","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02170-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02170-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The power and energy consumption of resistive switching devices can be lowered by reducing the dimensions of their active layers. Efforts to push this low-energy switching property to its limits have led to the investigation of active regions made with two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. Despite their small dimensions, 2D layered materials exhibit a rich variety of switching mechanisms, each involving different types of atomic structure reconfiguration. In this Review, we highlight and classify the mechanisms of resistive switching in monolayer and bulk 2D layered materials, with a subsequent focus on those occurring in a monolayer and/or localized to point defects in the crystalline sheet. We discuss the complex energetics involved in these fundamentally defect-assisted processes, including the coexistence of multiple mechanisms and the effects of the contacts used. Examining the highly localized ‘atomristor’-type switching, we provide insights into atomic motions and electronic transport across the metal–2D interfaces underlying their operation. Finally, we discuss progress and our perspective on the challenges associated with the development of 2D resistive switching devices. Promising application areas and material systems are identified and suggested for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02162-5
Farid Alisafaei, Delaram Shakiba, Yuan Hong, Ghiska Ramahdita, Yuxuan Huang, Leanne E. Iannucci, Matthew D. Davidson, Mohammad Jafari, Jin Qian, Chengqing Qu, David Ju, Dashiell R. Flory, Yin-Yuan Huang, Prashant Gupta, Shumeng Jiang, Aliza Mujahid, Srikanth Singamaneni, Kenneth M. Pryse, Pen-hsiu Grace Chao, Jason A. Burdick, Spencer P. Lake, Elliot L. Elson, Nathaniel Huebsch, Vivek B. Shenoy, Guy M. Genin
{"title":"Tension anisotropy drives fibroblast phenotypic transition by self-reinforcing cell–extracellular matrix mechanical feedback","authors":"Farid Alisafaei, Delaram Shakiba, Yuan Hong, Ghiska Ramahdita, Yuxuan Huang, Leanne E. Iannucci, Matthew D. Davidson, Mohammad Jafari, Jin Qian, Chengqing Qu, David Ju, Dashiell R. Flory, Yin-Yuan Huang, Prashant Gupta, Shumeng Jiang, Aliza Mujahid, Srikanth Singamaneni, Kenneth M. Pryse, Pen-hsiu Grace Chao, Jason A. Burdick, Spencer P. Lake, Elliot L. Elson, Nathaniel Huebsch, Vivek B. Shenoy, Guy M. Genin","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02162-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02162-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mechanical factors such as stress in the extracellular environment affect the phenotypic commitment of cells. Stress fields experienced by cells in tissues are multiaxial, but how cells integrate such information is largely unknown. Here we report that the anisotropy of stress fields is a critical factor triggering a phenotypic transition in fibroblast cells, outweighing the role of stress amplitude, a factor previously described to modulate such a transition. Combining experimental and computational approaches, we identified a self-reinforcing mechanism in which cellular protrusions interact with collagen fibres to establish tension anisotropy. This anisotropy, in turn, stabilizes the protrusions and enhances their contractile forces. Disruption of this self-reinforcing process, either by reducing tension anisotropy or by inhibiting contractile protrusions, prevents the phenotypic conversion of fibroblasts to contractile myofibroblasts. Overall, our findings support stress anisotropy as a factor modulating cellular responses, expanding our understanding of the role of mechanical forces in biological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02185-y
Fang Lu, Yugang Zhang, Tobias Dwyer, Aaron Michelson, Timothy C. Moore, Hanfei Yan, Kim Kisslinger, Honghu Zhang, Xiaobo Chen, Sharon C. Glotzer, Oleg Gang
{"title":"Octo-diamond crystal of nanoscale tetrahedra with interchanging chiral motifs","authors":"Fang Lu, Yugang Zhang, Tobias Dwyer, Aaron Michelson, Timothy C. Moore, Hanfei Yan, Kim Kisslinger, Honghu Zhang, Xiaobo Chen, Sharon C. Glotzer, Oleg Gang","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02185-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02185-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite their simplicity, tetrahedra can assemble into diverse high- and low-density structures. Here we report a low-density ‘octo-diamond’ structure formed by nanoscale solid tetrahedra with a 64-tetrahedron unit cell containing 8 cubic-diamond subcells. The formed crystal is achiral, but is composed of chiral bilayers with alternating handedness. The left- and right-handed chirality of the bilayers, combined with the plasmonic nature of the gold tetrahedra, produces chiroptical responses at the crystal surface. We uncover that the hydrophobic substrate facilitates the arrangement of tetrahedra into irregular ring-like patterns, creating a critical, uneven topography to stabilize the observed octo-diamond structure. This study reveals a potent way to affect colloidal crystallization through particle–substrate interactions, expanding the nanoparticle self-assembly toolbox.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02180-3
Roshan Krishna Kumar, Geng Li, Riccardo Bertini, Swati Chaudhary, Krystian Nowakowski, Jeong Min Park, Sebastian Castilla, Zhen Zhan, Pierre A. Pantaleón, Hitesh Agarwal, Sergi Batlle-Porro, Eike Icking, Matteo Ceccanti, Antoine Reserbat-Plantey, Giulia Piccinini, Julien Barrier, Ekaterina Khestanova, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Christoph Stampfer, Gil Refael, Francisco Guinea, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Justin C. W. Song, Petr Stepanov, Cyprian Lewandowski, Frank H. L. Koppens
{"title":"Terahertz photocurrent probe of quantum geometry and interactions in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene","authors":"Roshan Krishna Kumar, Geng Li, Riccardo Bertini, Swati Chaudhary, Krystian Nowakowski, Jeong Min Park, Sebastian Castilla, Zhen Zhan, Pierre A. Pantaleón, Hitesh Agarwal, Sergi Batlle-Porro, Eike Icking, Matteo Ceccanti, Antoine Reserbat-Plantey, Giulia Piccinini, Julien Barrier, Ekaterina Khestanova, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Christoph Stampfer, Gil Refael, Francisco Guinea, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Justin C. W. Song, Petr Stepanov, Cyprian Lewandowski, Frank H. L. Koppens","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02180-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02180-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Moiré materials represent strongly interacting electron systems bridging topological and correlated physics. Despite notable advances, decoding wavefunction properties underlying the quantum geometry remains challenging. Here we utilize polarization-resolved photocurrent measurements to probe magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, leveraging its sensitivity to the Berry connection that encompasses quantum ‘textures’ of electron wavefunctions. Using terahertz light resonant with optical transitions of its flat bands, we observe bulk photocurrents driven by broken symmetries and reveal the interplay between electron interactions and quantum geometry. We observe inversion-breaking gapped states undetectable through quantum transport, sharp changes in the polarization axes caused by interaction-induced band renormalization and recurring photocurrent patterns at integer filling factors of the moiré unit cell that track the evolution of quantum geometry through the cascade of phase transitions. The large and tunable terahertz response intrinsic to flat-band systems offers direct insights into the quantum geometry of interacting electrons and paves the way for innovative terahertz quantum technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature MaterialsPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1038/s41563-025-02184-z
Emily L. Han, Hannah C. Safford, Michael J. Mitchell
{"title":"Designer lipids for delivering mRNA to the brain","authors":"Emily L. Han, Hannah C. Safford, Michael J. Mitchell","doi":"10.1038/s41563-025-02184-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02184-z","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid nanoparticles formulated with ionizable lipids inspired by brain-targeting small molecules facilitate the delivery of mRNA past the blood–brain barrier and into the brain.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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