Nature Sustainability最新文献_第9页

African food system and biodiversity mainly affected by urbanization via dietary shifts 非洲的粮食系统和生物多样性主要受到城市化通过饮食结构变化带来的影响

IF 25.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Nature Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01362-2

Koen De Vos, Charlotte Janssens, Liesbet Jacobs, Benjamin Campforts, Esther Boere, Marta Kozicka, David Leclère, Petr Havlík, Lisa-Marie Hemerijckx, Anton Van Rompaey, Miet Maertens, Gerard Govers

{"title":"African food system and biodiversity mainly affected by urbanization via dietary shifts","authors":"Koen De Vos, Charlotte Janssens, Liesbet Jacobs, Benjamin Campforts, Esther Boere, Marta Kozicka, David Leclère, Petr Havlík, Lisa-Marie Hemerijckx, Anton Van Rompaey, Miet Maertens, Gerard Govers","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01362-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01362-2","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid urbanization in Africa profoundly affects local food and ecological systems. According to earlier research, urbanization may cause food production and biodiversity losses as agricultural or natural lands are absorbed by expanding cities. Land-use displacement effects may buffer agricultural production losses or may lead to additional biodiversity losses but are often overlooked. Moreover, impacts of dietary changes associated with urbanization are rarely considered. To address this, we combined spatially explicit projections of African urban area expansion with observed rice consumption shifts to inform a partial equilibrium model (the Global Biosphere Management Model). We demonstrate the importance of displacement effects to identify potential food production or biodiversity issues until 2050 and argue for their integration in land-use planning and policymaking across spatial scales. We identify that because of agricultural displacement, the impact of urban area expansion on food production losses is probably limited (<1%)—at the cost of additional losses of natural lands by 2050 (up to 2 Mt). We also show that considering dietary shifts associated with urbanization increases rice consumption, production (+8.0%), trade (up to +2 Mt of required import) and agricultural methane emissions (up to +12 MtCO2-equivalent yr–1), thereby underscoring the need for a systems approach in future sustainability studies. Rapid urbanization affects both local food and ecological systems in Africa. This study integrates the effects of land-use displacement and dietary shifts associated with urbanization in scenarios of future food demand to understand the impact of future urbanization on the African environment.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 7","pages":"869-878"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-024-01362-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polymeric membranes with highly homogenized nanopores for ultrafast water purification 用于超快水净化的具有高度均匀纳米孔的聚合物膜

IF 25.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Nature Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01371-1

Junhui Huang, Yanqiu Zhang, Jing Guo, Fan Yang, Jun Ma, Yongping Bai, Lu Shao, Shaomin Liu, Huanting Wang

{"title":"Polymeric membranes with highly homogenized nanopores for ultrafast water purification","authors":"Junhui Huang, Yanqiu Zhang, Jing Guo, Fan Yang, Jun Ma, Yongping Bai, Lu Shao, Shaomin Liu, Huanting Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01371-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01371-1","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane nanofiltration is widely used in various chemical separation and water purification processes. However, obtaining high water permeance and high solute removal selectivity for achieving energetically efficient precise separation in nanofiltration membranes remains challenging due to their inherent pore heterogeneity. Here we introduce a cinnamate-mediated polymerization method to fabricate nanofiltration membranes with highly homogenized and well-tailored nanopores to address this challenge. Our experimental data and molecular dynamics simulation results show that cinnamate-mediated polymerization can manipulate monomer diffusion and intermolecular void size to create a homogenized and tailored selective layer in a highly homogenized membrane. The obtained membrane exhibited a high water permeance of 104.3 l m−2 h−1 bar−1, which is substantially higher than that of the pristine membrane synthesized without cinnamate mediation, superior molecular sieving ability, excellent salt/dye separation factor and good operational stability, outperforming state-of-the-art membranes. Overall, this work enables the design and fabrication of nanofiltration membranes that combine other mutually exclusive properties for energetically efficient water purification applications towards a sustainable water–energy nexus. Nanofiltration membranes play a crucial role in water purification, but it remains challenging to combine high water permeance and solute removal selectivity due to their inherent pore heterogeneity. Here the authors introduce a cinnamate-mediated polymerization method to resolve such a challenge, enabling energetically efficient water purification.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 7","pages":"901-909"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-performance spiro-branched polymeric membranes for sustainability applications 用于可持续性应用的高性能螺枝聚合物膜

IF 25.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Nature Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01364-0

Huaqing Zhang, Wei Xu, Wanjie Song, Kang Peng, Lixuan Sun, Cui Yang, Xin Zhang, Hongjun Zhang, Bangjiao Ye, Xian Liang, Zhengjin Yang, Liang Wu, Xiaolin Ge, Tongwen Xu

{"title":"High-performance spiro-branched polymeric membranes for sustainability applications","authors":"Huaqing Zhang, Wei Xu, Wanjie Song, Kang Peng, Lixuan Sun, Cui Yang, Xin Zhang, Hongjun Zhang, Bangjiao Ye, Xian Liang, Zhengjin Yang, Liang Wu, Xiaolin Ge, Tongwen Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01364-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01364-0","url":null,"abstract":"Ion exchange membranes are semi-permeable thin films allowing for selective transport of either anions or cations and have wide applications in desalination, wastewater treatment and energy conversion and storage. Poly(aryl piperidinium) polymers are promising materials for a new generation of anion exchange membranes with high chemical stability, although their ionic conductivity remains to be further improved. Here we report a design of branched microporous poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes that combine ultra-high Cl− conductivity (120 mS cm−1 at 80 °C), excellent mechanical and chemical stability and solution processability. At the heart of our rational design is the use of stereo-contorted spirobifluorene monomers to control the topology and orientations of branched chains, achieving balanced rigidity and flexibility. The loose chain packing structure reduces the energy barrier for ion dissociation and diffusion within the polymer networks, which can be processed into large-area membranes aided by a colloidal method. When applied to redox flow batteries, our microporous membranes deliver record-breaking performance at a high current density of 400 mA cm−2. Our work suggests a feasible strategy for the development of high-performance membranes that will find more applications critical to sustainability. Ion exchange membranes play an essential role in a range of technologies critical to sustainability. Here the authors show a membrane design that features a favourable combination of good stability, high ionic conductivity and processability with demonstrated application in flow batteries.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 7","pages":"910-919"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient CO and acrolein co-production via paired electrolysis 通过成对电解高效生产一氧化碳和丙烯醛

IF 25.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Nature Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01363-1

Xue Wang, Peihao Li, Jason Tam, Jane Y. Howe, Colin P. O’Brien, Armin Sedighian Rasouli, Rui Kai Miao, Yuan Liu, Adnan Ozden, Ke Xie, Jinhong Wu, David Sinton, Edward H. Sargent

{"title":"Efficient CO and acrolein co-production via paired electrolysis","authors":"Xue Wang, Peihao Li, Jason Tam, Jane Y. Howe, Colin P. O’Brien, Armin Sedighian Rasouli, Rui Kai Miao, Yuan Liu, Adnan Ozden, Ke Xie, Jinhong Wu, David Sinton, Edward H. Sargent","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01363-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01363-1","url":null,"abstract":"Paired electrolysis—the combination of a productive cathodic reaction, such as CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR), with selective oxidation on the anode—provides an electrified reaction with maximized atom and energy efficiencies. Unfortunately, direct electro-oxidation reactions typically exhibit limited Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) towards a single product. Here we apply paired electrolysis for acidic CO2RR and the model organic oxidation allyl alcohol oxidation reaction to acrolein. This CO2RR alcohol oxidation reaction system shows (96 ± 1)% FE of CO2 to CO on the cathode and (85 ± 1)% FE of allyl alcohol to acrolein on the anode. As a result of this pairing with organic oxidation on the anode, the full-cell voltage of the system is lowered by 0.7 V compared with the state-of-art acidic CO2-to-CO studies at the same 100 mA cm−2 current density. The acidic cathode avoids carbonate formation and enables a single-pass utilization of CO2 of 84% with a 6× improvement in the atom efficiency of CO2 utilization. Energy consumption analysis suggests that, when producing the same amount of CO, the system reduces energy consumption by an estimated 1.6× compared with the most energy-efficient prior acidic CO2-to-CO ambient-temperature electrolysis systems. The work suggests that paired electrolysis could be a decarbonization technology to contribute to a sustainable future. Paired electrosynthesis is an efficient green process that minimizes resource and energy consumption as well as waste generation. The authors demonstrate an electrolysis system that pairs CO2 reduction to CO at the cathode with allyl alcohol oxidation to acrolein at the anode.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 7","pages":"931-937"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biological invasions on Indigenous peoples’ lands 对土著人民土地的生物入侵

IF 25.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Nature Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01361-3

Hanno Seebens, Aidin Niamir, Franz Essl, Stephen T. Garnett, Joy A. Kumagai, Zsolt Molnár, Hanieh Saeedi, Laura A. Meyerson

{"title":"Biological invasions on Indigenous peoples’ lands","authors":"Hanno Seebens, Aidin Niamir, Franz Essl, Stephen T. Garnett, Joy A. Kumagai, Zsolt Molnár, Hanieh Saeedi, Laura A. Meyerson","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01361-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01361-3","url":null,"abstract":"Biological invasions are a growing challenge in a highly interconnected and globalized world, leading to the loss of native biodiversity. Indigenous peoples’ lands (IPLs) play a vital role in biodiversity conservation through activities such as land stewardship and management practices. Similar to protected areas, they are also often remote, with fewer connections to international trade networks. The extent to which IPLs are threatened by the spread of invasive species is still unknown. Here we provide a global study detailing the distribution and drivers of alien species on IPL. On average, IPLs host 30% (in absolute numbers: 11 ± 3.5) fewer alien species relative to other lands, after controlling for sampling intensities. Alien species numbers remained consistently lower on IPLs even after accounting for potentially confounding factors such as differences in accessibility and ecological integrity. The difference may result from land management practices of Indigenous peoples. In the relatively small number of cases where IPLs host disproportionately higher numbers of alien species than other lands, the most likely reason is high alien species propagule pressure arising from proximity to large urban areas. Overall, our results highlight the importance of IPLs in protecting nature in the face of increasing biological invasions. Indigenous peoples’ lands (IPLs) are important reservoirs of biodiversity; however, the extent to which these lands are affected by the growing number of biological invasions worldwide is still unknown. This study evaluates whether IPLs harbour fewer alien species compared with other lands globally.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 6","pages":"737-746"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Globally elevated greenhouse gas emissions from polluted urban rivers 受污染的城市河流导致全球温室气体排放增加

IF 25.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Nature Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01358-y

Wenhao Xu, Gongqin Wang, Shaoda Liu, Junfeng Wang, William H. McDowell, Kangning Huang, Peter A. Raymond, Zhifeng Yang, Xinghui Xia

{"title":"Globally elevated greenhouse gas emissions from polluted urban rivers","authors":"Wenhao Xu, Gongqin Wang, Shaoda Liu, Junfeng Wang, William H. McDowell, Kangning Huang, Peter A. Raymond, Zhifeng Yang, Xinghui Xia","doi":"10.1038/s41893-024-01358-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41893-024-01358-y","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are at the heart of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with rivers embedded in urban landscapes as a potentially large yet uncharacterized GHG source. Urban rivers emit GHGs due to excess carbon and nitrogen inputs from urban environments and their watersheds. Here relying on a compiled urban river GHG dataset and robust modelling, we estimated that globally urban rivers emitted annually 1.1, 42.3 and 0.021 Tg CH4, CO2 and N2O, totalling 78.1 ± 3.5 Tg CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions. Predicted GHG emissions were nearly twofold those from non-urban rivers (~815 versus 414 mmol CO2-eq m−2 d−1) and similar to scope-1 urban emissions in intensity (1,058 mmol CO2-eq m−2 d−1), with particularly higher CH4 and N2O emissions linked to widespread eutrophication and altered carbon and nutrient cycling in urban rivers. Globally, the emissions varied with national income levels with the highest emissions happening in lower–middle-income countries where river pollution control is deficient. These findings highlight the importance of pollution controls in mitigating urban river GHG emissions and ensuring urban sustainability. Cities are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, but the potential of urban rivers to such emissions is not well understood. A study now quantifies the greenhouse gas concentrations, fluxes and emissions from urban rivers globally.","PeriodicalId":19056,"journal":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","volume":"7 7","pages":"938-948"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Job–environment feedbacks 工作环境反馈

IF 27.6 1区环境科学与生态学

Nature Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01348-0

Angelos Alamanos

引用次数: 0

Jobs for a sustainable future 为可持续未来创造就业机会

IF 27.6 1区环境科学与生态学

Nature Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-024-01370-2

引用次数: 0

Green and greening jobs 绿色和绿化工作

IF 27.6 1区环境科学与生态学