Nature Reviews Cancer最新文献

{"title":"We cannot ignore the cancer risks of wildfires","authors":"Scott Weichenthal","doi":"10.1038/s41568-025-00804-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41568-025-00804-z","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires release a range of known human carcinogens and tend to occur in the same regions each year. As a result, long-term exposures to wildfire pollutants are a concern and will probably increase cancer risk in exposed populations. Actionable solutions are available to reduce exposures and mitigate these risks. Wildfires emit carcinogenic pollutants, raising long-term cancer risks in affected populations. In this Comment, Weichenthal highlights these concerns and outlines actionable solutions to reduce exposure and mitigate risks.","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"25 4","pages":"219-220"},"PeriodicalIF":72.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning toolkit for subtyping cancer in existing and new datasets","authors":"Jordan Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41568-025-00802-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-025-00802-1","url":null,"abstract":"In this Tools of the Trade article, Jordan Lee describes the development and use of the Tumor Molecular Pathology (TMP) toolkit, a cancer subtyping tool that can assign TCGA molecular subtypes to new, independent non-TCGA datasets.","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and fragmentomic landscapes of cell-free DNA for early cancer detection","authors":"Daniel C. Bruhm, Nicholas A. Vulpescu, Zachariah H. Foda, Jillian Phallen, Robert B. Scharpf, Victor E. Velculescu","doi":"10.1038/s41568-025-00795-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-025-00795-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genomic analyses of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma are enabling noninvasive blood-based biomarker approaches to cancer detection and disease monitoring. Current approaches for identification of circulating tumour DNA typically use targeted tumour-specific mutations or methylation analyses. An emerging approach is based on the recognition of altered genome-wide cfDNA fragmentation in patients with cancer. Recent studies have revealed a multitude of characteristics that can affect the compendium of cfDNA fragments across the genome, collectively called the ‘cfDNA fragmentome’. These changes result from genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and chromatin states of an individual and affect the size, position, coverage, mutation, structural and methylation characteristics of cfDNA. Identifying and monitoring these changes has the potential to improve early detection of cancer, especially using highly sensitive multi-feature machine learning approaches that would be amenable to broad use in populations at increased risk. This Review highlights the rapidly evolving field of genome-wide analyses of cfDNA characteristics, their comparison to existing cfDNA methods, and recent related innovations at the intersection of large-scale sequencing and artificial intelligence. As the breadth of clinical applications of cfDNA fragmentome methods have enormous public health implications for cancer screening and personalized approaches for clinical management of patients with cancer, we outline the challenges and opportunities ahead.</p>","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer treatments accelerate ageing","authors":"Marco Demaria","doi":"10.1038/s41568-025-00801-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-025-00801-2","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in cancer treatment have led to a growing population of cancer survivors worldwide, who often experience premature onset of age-related conditions. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of the long-term consequences of cancer treatment is essential for developing interventions to mitigate their adverse effects. While cancer treatments are essential for patient survival, they often induce premature ageing-related conditions in survivors. In this Comment, Demaria outlines how understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of this is crucial for developing integrated strategies to improve long-term health outcomes in survivors.","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting somatic mutations in single-cell data with SComatic","authors":"Tim H. H. Coorens","doi":"10.1038/s41568-025-00799-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41568-025-00799-7","url":null,"abstract":"In this Tool of the Trade article, Tim Coorens describes the development of SComatic, an algorithm enabling the detection of somatic mutations in single-cell RNA- or ATAC-sequencing data, and its use to study lineage relations and mutational signatures.","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"25 4","pages":"221-221"},"PeriodicalIF":72.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating premalignant biology to accelerate non-small-cell lung cancer interception","authors":"Sarah A. Mazzilli, Zahraa Rahal, Maral J. Rouhani, Sam M. Janes, Humam Kadara, Steven M. Dubinett, Avrum E. Spira","doi":"10.1038/s41568-025-00791-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-025-00791-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in the development of targeted and immune-based therapies for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. To further improve outcomes for patients with lung cancer, identifying and intercepting disease at the earliest and most curable stages are crucial next steps. With the recent implementation of low-dose computed tomography scan screening in populations at high risk, there is an emerging unmet need for new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tools to help treat patients suspected of harbouring premalignant lesions and minimally invasive non-small-cell lung cancer. Continued advances in the identification of the earliest drivers of lung carcinogenesis are poised to address these unmet needs. Employing multimodal approaches to chart the temporal and spatial maps of the molecular events driving lung premalignant lesion progression will refine our understanding of early carcinogenesis. Elucidating the molecular drivers of premalignancy is critical to the development of biomarkers to detect those incubating a premalignant lesion, to stratify risk for progression to invasive cancer and to identify novel therapeutic targets to intercept that process. In this Review, we summarize emerging insights into the earliest cellular and molecular events associated with lung squamous and adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis and highlight the growing opportunity for translating these insights into clinical tools for early detection and disease interception to transform the outcomes for those at risk for lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining a ‘cells to society’ research framework for appendiceal tumours","authors":"Andreana N. Holowatyj,&nbsp;Michael J. Overman,&nbsp;Konstantinos I. Votanopoulos,&nbsp;Andrew M. Lowy,&nbsp;Patrick Wagner,&nbsp;Mary K. Washington,&nbsp;Cathy Eng,&nbsp;Wai Chin Foo,&nbsp;Richard M. Goldberg,&nbsp;Mojgan Hosseini,&nbsp;Kamran Idrees,&nbsp;Douglas B. Johnson,&nbsp;Ardaman Shergill,&nbsp;Erin Ward,&nbsp;Nicholas C. Zachos,&nbsp;Deborah Shelton,&nbsp;on behalf of Appendix Cancer Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (ACPMP) Research Foundation","doi":"10.1038/s41568-024-00788-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41568-024-00788-2","url":null,"abstract":"Tumours of the appendix — a vestigial digestive organ attached to the colon — are rare. Although we estimate that around 3,000 new appendiceal cancer cases are diagnosed annually in the USA, the challenges of accurately diagnosing and identifying this tumour type suggest that this number may underestimate true population incidence. In the current absence of disease-specific screening and diagnostic imaging modalities, or well-established risk factors, the incidental discovery of appendix tumours is often prompted by acute presentations mimicking appendicitis or when the tumour has already spread into the abdominal cavity — wherein the potential misclassification of appendiceal tumours as malignancies of the colon and ovaries also increases. Notwithstanding these diagnostic difficulties, our understanding of appendix carcinogenesis has advanced in recent years. However, there persist considerable challenges to accelerating the pace of research discoveries towards the path to improved treatments and cures for patients with this group of orphan malignancies. The premise of this Expert Recommendation article is to discuss the current state of the field, to delineate unique challenges for the study of appendiceal tumours, and to propose key priority research areas that will deliver a more complete picture of appendix carcinogenesis and metastasis. The Appendix Cancer Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (ACPMP) Research Foundation Scientific Think Tank delivered a consensus of core research priorities for appendiceal tumours that are poised to be ground-breaking and transformative for scientific discovery and innovation. On the basis of these six research areas, here, we define the first ‘cells to society’ research framework for appendix tumours. In this Expert Recommendation, Holowatyj et al. cover the current state of the field in appendiceal cancer, including the distinct challenges involved in studying this rare tumour type, and propose a conceptual research framework to facilitate discoveries that will advance knowledge of appendix carcinogenesis and metastasis to deliver better outcomes for patients.","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"25 4","pages":"293-315"},"PeriodicalIF":72.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using mathematical modelling and AI to improve delivery and efficacy of therapies in cancer","authors":"Constantinos Harkos, Andreas G. Hadjigeorgiou, Chrysovalantis Voutouri, Ashwin S. Kumar, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Rakesh K. Jain","doi":"10.1038/s41568-025-00796-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-025-00796-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mathematical modelling has proven to be a valuable tool in predicting the delivery and efficacy of molecular, antibody-based, nano and cellular therapy in solid tumours. Mathematical models based on our understanding of the biological processes at subcellular, cellular and tissue level are known as mechanistic models that, in turn, are divided into continuous and discrete models. Continuous models are further divided into lumped parameter models — for describing the temporal distribution of medicine in tumours and normal organs — and distributed parameter models — for studying the spatiotemporal distribution of therapy in tumours. Discrete models capture interactions at the cellular and subcellular levels. Collectively, these models are useful for optimizing the delivery and efficacy of molecular, nanoscale and cellular therapy in tumours by incorporating the biological characteristics of tumours, the physicochemical properties of drugs, the interactions among drugs, cancer cells and various components of the tumour microenvironment, and for enabling patient-specific predictions when combined with medical imaging. Artificial intelligence-based methods, such as machine learning, have ushered in a new era in oncology. These data-driven approaches complement mechanistic models and have immense potential for improving cancer detection, treatment and drug discovery. Here we review these diverse approaches and suggest ways to combine mechanistic and artificial intelligence-based models to further improve patient treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":78.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendritic cell maturation in cancer","authors":"Chang Yoon Moon,&nbsp;Meriem Belabed,&nbsp;Matthew D. Park,&nbsp;Raphaël Mattiuz,&nbsp;Daniel Puleston,&nbsp;Miriam Merad","doi":"10.1038/s41568-024-00787-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41568-024-00787-3","url":null,"abstract":"Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that are present at low abundance in the circulation and tissues; they serve as crucial immune sentinels by continually sampling their environment, migrating to secondary lymphoid organs and shaping adaptive immune responses through antigen presentation. Owing to their ability to orchestrate tolerogenic or immunogenic responses to a specific antigen, DCs have a pivotal role in antitumour immunity and the response to immune checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapeutic approaches. The multifaceted functions of DCs are acquired through a complex, multistage process called maturation. Although the role of inflammatory triggers in driving DC maturation was established decades ago, less is known about DC maturation in non-inflammatory contexts, such as during homeostasis and in cancer. The advent of single-cell technologies has enabled an unbiased, high-dimensional characterization of various DC states, including mature DCs. This approach has clarified the molecular programmes associated with DC maturation and also revealed how cancers exploit these pathways to subvert immune surveillance. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which cancer disrupts DC maturation and highlight emerging therapeutic opportunities to modulate DC states. These insights could inform the development of DC-centric immunotherapies, expanding the arsenal of strategies to enhance antitumour immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) shape the adaptive immune response to peripheral tissue antigens and, as such, are crucial for mounting an effective antitumour immune response in cancer. This Review outlines the molecular basis of DC maturation, highlights the mechanisms through which cancer impairs DC maturation and considers the potential for DC-focused cancer immunotherapeutics.","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"25 4","pages":"225-248"},"PeriodicalIF":72.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small speckles, big impact","authors":"Daniela Senft","doi":"10.1038/s41568-025-00794-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41568-025-00794-y","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Alexander et al. find that HIF2α regulates speckle–DNA associations to fine-tune the expression of a subset of its target genes, and demonstrate that speckle phenotypes correlate with outcomes in renal cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":19055,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Cancer","volume":"25 3","pages":"149-149"},"PeriodicalIF":72.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}