Molecules最新文献

{"title":"Development of Xanthyletin-Loaded Nanoparticles for the Control of <i>Leucoagaricus gongylophorus</i>.","authors":"Cristiane de Melo Cazal, Moacir Rossi Forim, Ana Paula Terezan, Andreia Pereira Matos, Gracielle Oliveira Sabbag Cunha, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da Silva, Paulo Cezar Vieira, Fernando Carlos Pagnocca, João Batista Fernandes","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112469","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes the development, characterization and in vitro evaluation of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles loaded with xanthyletin for the control of <i>Atta sexdens rubropilosa</i> through the inhibition of its symbiotic fungus <i>Leucoagaricus gongylophorus</i>. Nanoparticles were prepared via interfacial polymer deposition, with formulation NC5 selected based on optimal physicochemical properties. NC5 exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 98.0%, average particle size of 304 nm and zeta potential of -29.3 mV. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed spherical morphology and the absence of crystalline residues. The formulation remained physically stable for four months at 4 °C. In vitro release showed biphasic behavior, with an initial burst followed by sustained release. Under UV exposure, NC5 enhanced xanthyletin photostability by 15.4-fold compared to the free compound. Fungicidal assays revealed 76% inhibition of fungal growth with NC5, compared to 85% with free xanthyletin. These results support the potential application of xanthyletin-loaded PCL nanoparticles as a stable and controlled delivery system for the biological control of leaf-cutting ants by targeting their fungal mutualist. Further in vivo studies are recommended to assess efficacy under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Detailed Thermodynamic Description of Ion Pair Binding by a Calix[4]arene Derivative Containing Urea and Amide Functionalities.","authors":"Marija Cvetnić, Tamara Rinkovec, Robert Vianello, Gordan Horvat, Nikola Bregović, Vladislav Tomišić","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112464","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Receptors capable of binding both positive and negative ions are an important domain of supramolecular chemistry with valuable application potential. A Complete thermodynamic description of the equilibria related to ion pair recognition is beneficial in developing the optimized receptor systems, although it represents a difficult task that is rarely resolved due to various coupled processes. Here, we present a comprehensive study of ion pair (NaCl, NaHSO₄, and NaH₂PO₄) binding by a ureido-amide calix[4]arene host in acetonitrile using a series of experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. We devoted particular attention to characterizing the side processes (ion association and salt precipitation) and included them in the models describing ion pair complex formation. For this purpose, a multimethod approach (potentiometry, conductometry, ITC, flame AES) was employed, generating reliable data which provided insight into the thermodynamic effect of each included equilibrium. Positive cooperativity was observed in the context of NaCl and NaHSO₄ binding by the studied calixarene. Computational results related to the NaCl complex in acetonitrile revealed that favorable Coulombic interactions, changes in affinity for solvent molecule inclusion, and intramolecular hydrogen bonding contributed to cation-induced cooperativity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Recovery of Critical Minerals from Wastes by Green Biosurfactants: A Review.","authors":"Bita Deravian, Catherine N Mulligan","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112461","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosurfactants have emerged as promising agents for environmental remediation due to their ability to complex, chelate, and remove heavy metals from contaminated environments. This review evaluates their potential for recovering critical minerals from waste materials to support renewable energy production, emphasizing the role of biosurfactant-metal interactions in advancing green recovery technologies and enhancing resource circularity. Among biosurfactants, rhamnolipids demonstrate a high affinity for metals such as lead, cadmium, and copper due to their strong stability constants and functional groups like carboxylates, with recovery efficiencies exceeding 75% under optimized conditions. Analytical techniques, including Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), are instrumental in assessing recovery efficiency and interaction mechanisms. The review introduces a Green Chemistry Metrics Framework for evaluating biosurfactant-based recovery processes, revealing 70-85% lower Environmental Factors compared to conventional methods. Significant research gaps exist in applying biosurfactants for extraction of metals like lithium and cobalt from batteries and other waste materials. Advancing biosurfactant-based technologies hold promise for efficient, sustainable metal recovery and resource circularity, addressing both resource scarcity and environmental protection challenges simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Furin-Triggered Peptide Self-Assembly Activates Coumarin Excimer Fluorescence for Precision Live-Cell Imaging.","authors":"Peiyao Chen, Liling Meng, Yuting Wang, Xiaoya Yan, Meiqin Li, Yun Deng, Yao Sun","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112465","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monomer-to-excimer transition has become a valuable technique in fluorescence imaging because of its ability to enhance imaging contrast. However, from a practical perspective, the accuracy of excimer formation at target sites warrants further exploration. Enzyme-triggered peptide self-assembly provides a promising solution to this limitation. As a proof-of-concept, in this study, we developed a furin-triggered peptide self-assembling fluorescent probe RF-Cou by coupling a coumarin dye 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid (Cou) with a furin-responsive peptide scaffold for precision live-cell imaging. Upon entering furin-overexpressing 4T1 tumor cells, RF-Cou underwent enzymatic cleavage, releasing an amphiphilic peptide motif and self-assembling into nanoparticles largely concentrated in the Golgi apparatus to confine the diffusion of Cou. During this process, the Cou excimers were formed and induced a red shift in the fluorescence emission, validating the feasibility of RF-Cou in efficient excimer imaging of furin-overexpressing tumor cells. We expect that our findings will highlight the potential of stimuli-responsive small molecular peptide probes to advance excimer-based imaging platforms, particularly for enzyme-specific cell imaging and therapeutic monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Molecules Containing Sulfonamide Moiety Adsorbed on the FAPbI₃ Perovskite Surface: A First-Principles Study.","authors":"Shiyan Yang, Yu Zhuang, Youbo Dou, Jianjun Wang, Hongwen Zhang, Wenjing Lu, Qiuli Zhang, Xihua Zhang, Yuan Wu, Xianfeng Jiang","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112463","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>First-principles calculations were conducted to examine the impact of three sulfonamide-containing molecules (H₄N₂O₂S, CH₈N₄O₃S, and C₂H₂N₆O₄S) adsorbed on the FAPbI₃(001) perovskite surface, aiming to establish a significant positive correlation between the molecular structures and their regulatory effects on the perovskite surface. A systematic comparison was conducted to evaluate the adsorption stability of the three molecules on the two distinct surface terminations. The results show that all three molecules exhibit strong adsorption on the FAPbI₃(001) surface, with C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S demonstrating the most favorable binding stability due to its extended frameworks and multiple electron-donating/withdrawing groups. Simpler molecules lacking carbon skeletons exhibit weaker adsorption and less dependence on surface termination. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD) further corroborated the thermal stability of the stable adsorption configurations at elevated temperatures. Electronic structure analysis reveals that molecular adsorption significantly reconstructs the density of states (DOS) on the PbI₂-terminated surface, inducing shifts in band-edge states and enhancing energy-level coupling between molecular orbitals and surface states. In contrast, the FAI-terminated surface shows weaker interactions. Charge density difference (CDD) analysis indicates that the molecules form multiple coordination bonds (e.g., Pb-O, Pb-S, and Pb-N) with uncoordinated Pb atoms, facilitated by -SO₂-NH₂ groups. Bader charge and work function analyses indicate that the PbI₂-terminated surface exhibits more pronounced electronic coupling and interfacial charge transfer. The C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S adsorption system demonstrates the most substantial reduction in work function. Optical property calculations show a distinct red-shift in the absorption edge along both the XX and YY directions for all adsorption systems, accompanied by enhanced absorption intensity and broadened spectral range. These findings suggest that sulfonamide-containing molecules, particularly C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S with extended carbon skeletons, can effectively stabilize the perovskite interface, optimize charge transport pathways, and enhance light-harvesting performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay of Inter- and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Ether Alcohols Related to n-Octanol.","authors":"Markus M Hoffmann, Troy N Smith, Gerd Buntkowsky","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112456","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>n-Octanol and related ether alcohols are studied via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the two classical all-atom force fields OPLS-AA and CHARMM. The ether alcohols studied possess one ether functionality separated by varying n carbon atoms from the hydroxy group to elucidate how the positioning of the ether functionality affects intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding and, in turn, the physical properties of the studied alcohols. Important general trends observed from simulations with both force fields include the following: Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is majorly present in 3-butoxypropanol and 4-propoxybutanol (n = 3 and 4) while being only marginally present for 5-ethoxypentanol and 6-methoxyhexanol (n = 5 and 6) and absent in 1-hexyloxymethanol and 2-pentyloxyethanol (n = 1 and 2). The intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed by 3-butoxypropanol and 4-propoxybutanol are among the most stable ones of all present hydrogen bonds. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is stronger between hydroxy groups (OH-OH) than between hydroxy and ether groups (OH-OE). An increased temperature causes a reduction in intermolecular OH-OH and OH-OE hydrogen bonding but a slight increase in intramolecular hydrogen bonding. A reduction in end-to-end distances at a higher temperature is also observed for all studied alcohols, which is likely a reflection of increased dihedral bond rotations. Hydrogen bonding extends mostly between just two molecules while hydrogen bonding networks are rare but do exist, involving, in some instances, up to 30 hydrogen bonds. Regardless of force field and temperature, the obtained radial distribution functions (RDFs) mostly show the same features at same distances that only vary in their intensity. 1-hexyloxymethanol forms a very specific and stable intermolecular double OH-OE hydrogen-bonded dimer. Similar double-hydrogen-bonded dimers can be found for the ether alcohols but are only significantly present for 2-pentyloxyethanol. Overall, the main difference between OPLS-AA and CHARMM is their quantitative prediction of the present hydrogen bonding speciation largely due to the stiffer dihedral potentials in OPLS-AA compared to the CHARMM force field. The simulations indicate that (a) the variations in densities are correlated to the reduced packing efficiency caused by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, (b) self-diffusion correlates with the stability of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and (c) the presence of hydrogen-bonded networks, although small in numbers, affect the viscosity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Activity, Total Polyphenol Content, and Cytotoxicity of Various Types of Starch with the Addition of Different Polyphenols.","authors":"Dominika Kwaśny, Barbara Borczak, Paweł Zagrodzki, Joanna Kapusta-Duch, Ewelina Prochownik, Ivo Doskočil","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112458","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the high incidence of diet-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, there is a growing need to explore new strategies for their prevention. Although polyphenols are known to reduce starch digestibility and lower the in vitro glycemic index, their antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic properties, when complexed with starches, remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and cytotoxic potential of polyphenol-starch complexes formed using common dietary polyphenols-(+)-catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, hesperidin, naringenin, <i>trans</i>-ferulic acid, <i>p</i>-coumaric acid, quercetin, and kaempferol-and widely consumed starches from wheat, rice, potato, and maize. Antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) together with the total polyphenols content (Folin-Ciocalteu) were tested: (1) before (undigested) enzymatic hydrolysis of the tested sample; (2) after (digested) enzymatic hydrolysis of the tested sample and (3) after hydrolysis of the sample and its centrifugation (supernatant). Cytotoxicity against colon cancer (Caco-2, HT29) and normal colon (CCD 841CoN) cell lines were determined in vitro by the MTT method. In undigested samples, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained with the addition of quercetin to wheat, rice, and maize starch (6735.8 µmol Fe²⁺/g d.m., 678.8, 539.4 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively), and epigallocatechin gallate to wheat, rice, potato, and maize starch (692.1, 538.0, 625.8, 573.6 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively). In digested samples, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained with the addition of quercetin to wheat and rice starch (2104.5 µmol Fe²⁺/g d.m., 742.1 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively). In the case of the natant of the digested samples, the highest value was recorded for the addition of (+)-catechin to potato starch and <i>trans</i>-ferulic acid to maize starch (823.7 µmol Fe²⁺/g d.m., 245.1 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively). The addition of quercetin to wheat and rice starch and (+)-catechin to potato starch (0.239, 0.151, 0.085 g gallic acid/g d.m., respectively) resulted in the highest total polyphenol content. Furthermore, quercetin demonstrated the most significant level of cytotoxic activity against the tumor cell line Caco-2 (IC₅₀ = 275.6 µg/mL; potato starch). Overall, quercetin was identified as the most significant or one of the most significant for all parameters evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Approaches to Microplastics Detection and Plastic Biodegradation.","authors":"Paula Przygoda-Kuś, Katarzyna E Kosiorowska, Aneta K Urbanek, Aleksandra M Mirończuk","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112462","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental concerns about the widespread use of non-biodegradable plastic have generated interest in developing quick and effective methods to degrade synthetic polymers. With millions of tons of plastic waste generated annually, biodegradation by microorganisms presents a promising and eco-friendly solution. However, a bottleneck has arisen due to the lack of standardized methods for verification of the biodegradation process. Based on this literature review, he techniques most commonly employed for this purpose currently include measuring mass loss, examining the surface of plastic fragments by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and using analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, currently, there is no universal approach to accurately assess the ability of individual microorganisms to degrade plastics. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in techniques for detecting biodegradation of synthetic polymers and future directions in the development of sustainable strategies for mitigating plastic pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridged Mesoporous Oxo-Phosphonates: A General Strategy Toward Functional, Hybrid Materials.","authors":"Elodie Gioan, Zijie Su, Yanhui Wang, Jeremy Rodriguez, Karim Bouchmella, Johan G Alauzun","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112459","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combining the properties of organic and inorganic components with high surface areas and large pore volumes opens up countless possibilities for designing materials tailored to a wide range of advanced applications. As the majority of mesoporous hybrid materials are siliceous, the development of cost-effective synthetic approaches to produce water-stable hybrids with controlled porosity and functionality remains essential. Herein, we describe an original strategy for the synthesis of bridged mesoporous titania-bisphosphonate hybrids based on a one-step, template-free, non-hydrolytic sol-gel process. The reaction between Ti(OiPr)₄ and several flexible or rigid bisphosphonate esters, in the presence of acetic anhydride (Ac₂O) leads to the formation of TiO₂ anatase nanorods interconnected by fully condensed bisphosphonate groups. The general method that we depict is quantitative and low cost. All materials are mesoporous with very high specific surface areas (up to 520 m²·g⁻¹) and pore volumes (up to 0.93 cm³·g⁻¹).</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12157266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Potential, and Ethnomedicinal Relevance of <i>Achillea nobilis</i> and Its Subspecies: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Anastassiya Shevchenko, Aiman Аkhelova, Shamshabanu Nokerbek, Aigul Kaldybayeva, Lyazzat Sagyndykova, Karlygash Raganina, Raushan Dossymbekova, Aliya Meldebekova, Akerke Amirkhanova, Yerbol Ikhsanov, Gulzhan Sauranbayeva, Manshuk Kamalova, Aidana Toregeldieva","doi":"10.3390/molecules30112460","DOIUrl":"10.3390/molecules30112460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Achillea nobilis</i> and its subspecies (<i>A. nobilis</i> subsp. <i>neilreichii</i> and <i>A. nobilis</i> subsp. <i>sipylea</i>) have been traditionally used in various ethnomedical systems across Eurasia. However, comprehensive studies on their phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties are still insufficient. This review aims to provide a critical synthesis of current knowledge regarding the botanical characteristics, geographic distribution, traditional applications, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects of <i>A. nobilis</i> A structured search was conducted using eight scientific platforms, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science.gov, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and BASE. Keywords related to phytochemistry, pharmacology, and ethnomedicine were applied, and a total of 28,000 records were initially retrieved. After a multi-stage screening process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 167 peer-reviewed publications from 1952 to 2023 were selected for detailed evaluation. Findings reveal a diverse range of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpene lactones, which demonstrate antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, and anticonvulsant activities. Most studies have focused on aerial parts and water-based extracts, while the root chemistry and organ-specific metabolite profiles remain largely unexplored. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of <i>A. nobilis</i> and underscores the need for future studies using multi-omics and advanced analytical techniques to support its development in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19041,"journal":{"name":"Molecules","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}