Natural Product Communications最新文献

{"title":"Rigidone or ent-perezone?","authors":"Ma Alvina Bucio-Vásquez, Miguel Ángel Fuentes-Figueroa, Angelina Hernández-Barragan, Luis Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo, Eleuterio Burgueño-Tapia, Pedro Joseph-Nathan","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241276965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241276965","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C-NMR data described for perezone (1), a 3-hydroxy p-quinone stated as the first natural product isolated as crystals in the New World, and rigidone (2), a 4-hydroxy o-quinone isolated from a coral species, are essentially the same. Some years ago, we described, using theoretical calculations, that a 4-hydroxy-1,2-quinone is more than 11 kcal/mol less stable than a 3-hydroxy-1,4-quinone making coexistence in nature of this type of quinones. In the present study, we approach the situation by comparing of the experimental <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C-NMR data for 1 and those described for 2 with the calculated using computational methods. Additional evidence was obtained from a X-ray diffraction analysis for the reaction product of perezone with o-phenylendiamine.MethodsThe <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C-NMR data for the quinoid rings were calculated using the GIAO and CSGT methods, density functional theory (DFT) and the functional/basis set pairs B3LYP/6-31 g(d,p) and MPW1PW91/6-31 g(d,p); and TPSSTPSS/cc-PVTZ and PBE1PBE/aug-cc-PVDZ. Perezone reaction with o-phenylenediamine was achieved using a described method in MeOH at room temperature. X-Ray diffraction analysis of phenazine from perezone reaction was done using Mo Kα radiation. The data were used to calculate the Flack parameter.ResultsAfter conformational analysis, complete optimization of the geometry of the conformers found and, calculation of the <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C-NMR chemical shifts for the quinone ring of 1 and 2, in all cases a better agreement was observed between the experimental data for 1 versus 2. Perezone reaction with o-phenylenediamine afforded the corresponding phenazine in its amine-keto tautomeric form as evidenced from a X-ray diffraction study.ConclusionThe better agreement observed between the experimental and calculated data for 1 versus 2, along with the free energy difference of more than 11 kcal/mol in favor of the 3-hydroxy p-quinone versus 4-hydroxy o-quinone, previously established for us, allow to say that the structure described for rigidone corresponds to ent -perezone.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaempferol Protects Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Function in Rats with High Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension by Regulating RAS System and AMPK/Arg2/eNOS Signaling Pathway","authors":"Xin Xie, Huiru Li, Liangqi Wang, Xiaonan Zhang, Dianxiang Lu, Zhanqiang Li","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241274896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241274896","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPrevious studies have found that kaempferol can relieve pulmonary hypertension (PH).ObjectiveExplore the protective impact of kaempferol on pulmonary vascular endothelium in rats with high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH).Materials and methodsIn a simulated altitude of 5000 m environment, rats were induced to develop HAPH after continuous intragastric administration of kaempferol (25, 50 and 100 mg·kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and Sildenafil (30 mg·kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) for 28 days. Assessment of isolated pulmonary arterial rings in rats and relevant indicators in lung tissue was performed, with the mechanism of action investigated using Western blotting.ResultsKaempferol effectively dilates rat pulmonary arterial rings, with an EC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> of 55.75 μmol/L. L-NAME can effectively counteract the vasodilatory effect of kaempferol. Acetylcholine demonstrated better relaxation of pulmonary arterial rings in HAPH rats after kaempferol intervention. Elastic Van Gieson staining (EVG) and immunohistochemistry (CD31) results indicate that kaempferol can partially protect pulmonary vascular endothelial function in HAPH rats. Western blotting reveals that kaempferol has the ability to regulate the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). This leads to a compensatory increase in eNOS expression, upregulation of AMPK activity, and downregulation of eNOS monomer/dimer levels.ConclusionsKaempferol can improve pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by chronic hypoxia by upregulating the phosphorylation level of AMPK, regulating the RAS system, and inhibiting eNOS uncoupling, thereby achieving vasodilation and endothelial protection.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Improvement of Sleep Activity of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Oil Microcapsules Prepared by Complex Coacervation","authors":"Jiaxin Chen, Xinbo Shi*, Zhishu Tang**, Zhongxing Song, Guolong Li, Hongbo Liu","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241272480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241272480","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Ziziphi Spinosae Semen oil (ZSSO) is a fatty oil extracted from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, and its main component is unsaturated fatty acid. It is susceptible to oxidation and deterioration. The aim of this study was to improve the stability of ZSSO and protect its quality. Methods: gelatin-sodium alginate was used as the wall material for the preparation of ZSSO microcapsules by the complex coacervation. The particle size and zeta potential of the microcapsules were determined using a Malvern particle size meter. The microstructure and stability of the microcapsules were determined by SEM, FTIR, TGA and PV. The sleep-improving activity of the microcapsules was also determined by sleep induction assay, Elisa and HE staining. Results: The encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules was 56.08% ± 0.19%, average particle size was 166.17 nm, and zeta potential was 38.2. Morphology of microcapsules was observed by SEM. The FTIR results showed that the fatty oil was successfully embedded, and PV indicated that microcapsules had a slow oxidation rate. A preliminary study on the sleep-improving activity of ZSSO and microcapsules demonstrated that it could shorten sleep latency and prolong sleep time of insomniac mice, and increase the levels of 5-HT and GABA and decrease the level of Glu in the brain of mice. In addition, ZSSO and microcapsules can repair damaged neuronal cells in the hypothalamus of insomniac mice to improve sleep. Conclusion: The quality evaluation of the microcapsules indicates that the prepared ZSSO-MPs have a small particle size and good stability. Moreover, ZSSO and microcapsules can effectively improve the sleep status of insomnia mice.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential Pharmacological Basis and Mechanism of HJT Activity in the Treatment of CHD Based on UPLC-QE-MS and Network Pharmacology","authors":"Wang Qi, Zhong Jianyuan, Zhang Wenxia, Ren Yinghan, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241275005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241275005","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTo identify the blood-entering components of HanJing Decoction (HJT) after administration based on UPLC-QE-MS/MS, and the key components, therapeutic targets and mechanisms of HJT therapeutic coronary heart disease (CHD) were analyzed using network pharmacology and molecular docking.MethodThe UPLC-QE-MS/MS was used to analyze the blood-entering components of HJT before and after administration. The targets of blood-entering components were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction. Targets related to CHD were collected using multiple databases. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to predict the mechanisms of HJT therapeutic CHD, and PPI and “Components-Targets-Pathways” network were used to identify and elucidate the core targets. The key blood-entering components aimed at the core target are screened by molecular docking and QSAR analysis.ResultsA total of 14 blood-entering components were detected in serum samples of rat after administration, and the 32 potential targets of HJT therapeutic CHD were screened out. The result of PPI network showed that the core targets of HJT for the treatment of CHD include MMP1, GSK3B, EGFR and PTGS2, and the 5 key components with high degree were screened out. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicate that HJT therapy for CHD is associated with the IL-17 and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways. The result of molecular docking indicate that the binding energy of coroglaucigenin to PTGS2 is the largest and it may be the key pharmacological component of HJT, and the QSAR analysis showed that Boldine and Coroglaucigenin had excellent activity in inhibiting PTGS2.ConclusionsIn this study, the blood-entering components of HJT were preliminarily identified, Combined network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed that the PTGS2 may be a core target, and the IL-17 and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways may be the key pathways. Moreover, the coroglaucigenin and boldine may be the key pharmacological components of HJT.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Bioactivity of Siddhalepa Asamodagam Spirit from Seeds of Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) H. Wolff","authors":"Dilan Jayawantha, Lankani Hettigoda, Tharindya Dinethri Mudalige, Priyani Ashoka Paranagama","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241271629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241271629","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesThe water distillate derived from Trachyspermum roxburghianum seeds has been traditionally employed in medicine for treating stomach infections and gastric ulcers. However, no systematic study has been conducted to evaluate its efficacy. Therefore, the present study focused on evaluating the potential health benefits, including the chemical constituents of the distillate. This distillate was prepared and identified as Siddhalepa Asamodagam Spirit (Sid.AS).MethodsThe chemical constituents of Sid.AS were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The antioxidant potential of Sid.AS samples was assessed in vitro using DPPH and ABTS assays. Various concentrations of Sid.AS were subjected to antimicrobial, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and urease inhibition assays according to the standard methods specified by the Ayurvedic Department in Sri Lanka.ResultsThymol was identified as the major compound in Sid.AS through GC-MS analysis. Sid.AS demonstrated significant anti-urease, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipase, and antioxidant activities, as evidenced by low IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values compared to the positive controls. This suggests its potential in controlling gastric-related disorders, scavenging free radicals, and managing obesity by inhibiting the breakdown and absorption of fats. Additionally, Sid.AS exhibited inhibitory effects against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, indicating potential anti-diabetic activity by regulating blood sugar levels. Sid.AS displayed strong antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms, with higher zones of inhibition and lower MIC and MLC values, indicating its effectiveness in combating microbial infections. Findings from the anti-lipase assay demonstrated activity comparable to that of the positive control, Orlistat.ConclusionThe findings of Sid.AS suggest its potential as a multi-functional bioactive herbal distillate with various pharmacological activities. Our results highlight that Sid.AS is a promising natural herbal extract with diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-urease, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and antimicrobial activities. Further research and development could explore its potential applications in various therapeutic areas.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jiangzhi Paizhuo Decoction Combined with Silibinin Capsules Improve the Outcomes of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Jianmei Hao, Yuanjing Xie, Zhiping Yang, Jianwei Dou, Minghua Mao, Xiaofang Li","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241274900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241274900","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the impact of combining silibinin capsules with Jiangzhi Paizhuo Decoction (JZPZ) versus silibinin capsules alone in patients with MAFLD. The research was carried out at the Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine using a case-control design following to STROBE guideline. Eligible participants meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups. The participants in control group and intervention group were assigned to receive oral administration of 70 mg (3 times daily) silibinin capsules or 70 mg silibinin capsules (3 times daily) plus colon dialysis with 150 ml JZPZ decoction for 8 weeks. The primary outcome and secondary outcome on the effects of JZPZ decoction in MAFLD were detected. We found that liver function significantly improved in both groups after treatment (p &lt; 0.05) compared with the baseline. Importantly, JZPZ decoction was associated with significant decrease in hepatic steatosis (CAP changes: −18.91 ± 11.50 vs −26.86 ± 16.62, P = 0.0305). The JZPZ decoction reduced significantly the TCM syndromes score compared to control (−5.74 ± 0.95 versus −7.17 ± 1.23, P &lt; 0.0001). Meanwhile, the weight and BMI in JZPZ group increased significantly more than control group (P = 0.0003, P &lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, the JZPZ decoction combined with silibinin capsules in the treatment of MAFLD patients with liver depression and heat syndrome has more advantages in decreasing hepatic steatosis and TCM syndromes scores. It is worthy of clinical recommendation.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of Pomelo Peel Essential oil (Citrus maxima) Using the Alginate/Chitosan complex","authors":"Cam Ngan Thi Nguyen, Thuong Nhan Phu Nguyen, Chi Khang Van, Huynh Cang Mai","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241275015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241275015","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to determine appropriate parameters for encapsulating pomelo peel essential oil (Citrus maxima) using the alginate/chitosan complex. Methods: The investigated parameters included the concentration of sodium alginate solution (2 ‒ 3.5% w/v based on the volume of mixture), the concentration of pomelo essential oil (20 ‒ 40% w/w based on dry matter of wall marerials), the concentration of Tween 80 (0 ‒ 20% w/w based on dry matter of wall marerials), the concentration of CaCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solution (0.5 ‒ 3.5% w/v based on the volume of mixture), time (10 min – 20 min) and speed of emulsion homogenization (489-4402 × g), the concentration of chitosan solution (0.5 ‒ 2% w/v based on the volume of mixture), and pH of chitosan solution (4 ‒ 6). Results: The results showed encapsulation yield (EY%) and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 91.64% and 85.18%, respectively, when using the concentration of sodium alginate solution as 3% (w/v based on the volume of mixture), the concentration of essential oil as 30% (w/w based on dry matter of wall marerials), the concentration of Tween 80 as 15% (w/w based on dry matter of wall marerials), the concentration of CaCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solution as 1.5% (w/v based on the volume of mixture), homogenization time as 10 min and homogenization speed as 4402 × g, the concentration of chitosan as 2% (w/v based on the volume of mixture) and pH of Chitosan solution as 5. Conclusion: The alginate/chitosan complex was proven effective in encapsulating pomelo essential oil (Citrus maxima) on a laboratory scale. The resulting encapsulated particles had a relatively uniform size and a high ability to retain essential oils in the core of the particles. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of the encapsulation process and to additionally evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the encapsulated particles.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Lavender Essential Oil Topical Treatment on the Autonomic Nervous System in Human Subjects Without Olfactory Influence: A Pilot Study","authors":"Tadaaki Satou, Yukino Koutoku, Taiga Touma, Ryuto Tomiyama, Ayumi Ishikawa, Kai Odato","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241275321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241275321","url":null,"abstract":"Objective/backgroundAs part of a scientific study into the effects of aromatherapy, we investigated the effects of lavender essential oil (LEO) treatment on the autonomic nervous system in subjects for whom the sense of smell had been eliminated.MethodsThis study used a single-blinded cross-over design for verification. Heart rate variability was measured and effects on the autonomic nervous system were investigated.Results and discussionAlthough no significant differences were found, aromatherapy treatment with 1% LEO tended to increase parasympathetic nervous system activity. Further, when differences between values before and during aromatherapy treatment were compared, LEO treatment significantly increased parasympathetic nervous system activity. Given these findings, LEO appears to increase parasympathetic nervous system activity, even in the absence of a psychological effect due to an absence of olfactory stimulation.ConclusionThe present results provide a scientific method for verifying the effects of aromatherapy and will aid in further elucidation of aromatherapy.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Action of Qingrekasen Granules in Alleviating Nephrotic Syndrome Evaluated by a Multi-Omics Approach","authors":"Shanshan Wang, Wangqiang Dai, Zhuang Huang, Jiajing Liu, Hailing Huang, Yan Ye, Pengyu Chen, Bailu Duan, Qi Jiang, Yuxin Wen, Lintao Han, Jingjing Li","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241272658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241272658","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesIn this study, the efficacy of and mechanism of Qingrekasen Granules (QRKSG) is evaluated by metabolomics and transcriptomics using adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephrotic syndrome (NS) in rat model.MethodsThe model, benazepril, and QRKSG group received a single injection of 6.5 mg/kg ADR via the tail vein of the rats. The untreated group received an equal saline injection. The administration of drugs by gavage began after completing the modeling for one week. Benazepril was given at 0.9 mg/kg/d to the benazepril group and QRKSG was given at 1.62 g/kg/d to the QRKSG group. During gavage, 24 h urine was collected weekly. After four weeks of gavage, rats were anesthetized, and we collected the serum, feces, and kidney samples. The protective effect of QRKSG on NS was assessed by the detection of proteins in the urine at 24 h and serum biochemical indexes, as well as histopathological observation, TUNEL assay, and Western Blot of kidney samples. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics sequencing of kidney metabolites helped investigate the significant differential metabolites produced by QRKSG that are implicated in ameliorating the pathological damage to the kidneys of NS rats. Subsequently, the significant targets of QRKSG that had an impact on the action of drugs were investigated by a transcriptome sequencing analysis. The correlation between both sets was also investigated. In addition, the effect of QRKSG on the gut microbiota of NS rats was investigated. Finally, the core targets were validated by molecular docking.ResultsThe results indicated that QRKSG possess significant renoprotective effects in NS rats by reversing the abnormal urinary protein content and serum biochemical disorders, as well as improving renal pathological damage. Multiple genes and metabolites were shown to be back-regulated after QRKSG delivery, based on further multi-omics studies. The integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that QRKSG alleviated NS mainly by regulating amino acid metabolic pathways. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that QRKSG could alleviate NS by improving gut microbiota. The molecular docking results showed good binding ability of the QRKSG active ingredient to the core target, and among them, the ingredients with the best docking effect were mainly flavonoids and phenolic acid ingredients. The combined metabolomics and transcriptomics study findings were validated through a TUNEL assay and a Western Blot analysis.ConclusionWe have concluded that ADR-induced NS in rats can be treated with QRKSG. The mechanisms used by QRKSG to reduce the symptoms of NS are through the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway therapeutic modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, energy homeostasis, and apoptosis. Additionally, QRKSG could alleviate NS by regulating gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities Determination of Endemic Linaria corifolia Desf","authors":"Melike Utlu, Dilek Ercil","doi":"10.1177/1934578x241272734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x241272734","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In our study, we researched the chemical composition of Linaria corifolia Desf. We also tested in vitro antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of different extracts, and compounds from L. corifolia. Methods: We isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of L. corifolia aerial parts. We used various spectroscopic methods. We also compared the results with data in the literature. This allowed us to determine the structure of the compounds. We used different spectroscopic methods and comparisons with literature data to determine the structure of the compounds. We evaluated the antioxidant activities of 20% aqueous methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts using DPPH, ABTS Radical Scavenging Effect, and CUPRAC Assay, and also examined total phenol and flavonoid contents. We used Ellman's method to find the cholinesterase inhibitor activities of the extracts, and isolated compounds. Results: We isolated 6 compounds in ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts. These compounds have terpenoid (iridoid glycosides), and phenolics (flavonoid, and phenylpropanoid structures). We isolated linariin and acteoside (verbascoside) from ethyl acetate. We isolated antirrhinoside, 6-ß-Hydroxyantirrhide, catalpol, and aucubin from n-butanol extract. The ethyl acetate extract was most active in all antioxidant methods due to its high phenolic content. In contrast to phenolic content, n-butanol extract had more flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract had higher acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity at 200 and 400 μg/ml. Linariin had the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect among the pure compounds. The extracts and pure compounds inhibited butyrylcholinesterase less than acetylcholinesterase. Conclusion: The isolated compounds are new compounds for the L. corifolia plant. The plant's cholinesterase inhibitor activity was investigated for the first time. We found low anti-acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities.","PeriodicalId":19019,"journal":{"name":"Natural Product Communications","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}