Molecular Pain最新文献

{"title":"Administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose alleviates cancer-induced bone pain by suppressing microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype and neuroinflammation.","authors":"Lin Liu, Dan-Yang Li, Long-Qing Zhang, Shao-Jie Gao, Fan-He Song, Jia-Yi Wu, Ya-Qun Zhou, Dai-Qiang Liu, Wei Mei","doi":"10.1177/17448069251348778","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251348778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is a debilitating complication with few effective treatments. Microglial activation contributes to the progression of CIBP. 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glycolytic inhibitor, could inhibit microglial activation. Its effect on CIBP remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of 2-DG in CIBP mice and underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this research, we established a CIBP mouse model by injecting Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells into the bone marrow of the femur. Relevant pain behaviors were assessed by measuring the paw withdrawal threshold and spontaneous hind limb lifting. Additionally, the glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG was intrathecally administered to treat CIBP in mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to analyze microglial activation and M1/M2 phenotype markers in the spinal cord.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrated significant microglial activation and polarization toward the M1 phenotype in the spinal cord of CIBP mice. Intrathecal administration of 2-DG effectively alleviated pain-related behaviors in CIBP mice. Furthermore, this treatment suppressed microglial activation and M1 polarization, while significantly restoring levels of the M2 phenotype. Additionally, 2-DG attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while boosting the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) in the spinal cord of CIBP mice. Notably, 2-DG effectively suppresses microglia activation and M1 polarization in LPS + IFN-γ-induced BV-2 cells by downregulating CD86, iNOS expression, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels while upregulating Arg-1, CD206 expression and IL-10 level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that 2-DG ameliorates mechanical allodynia, spontaneous pain and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord of CIBP mice by promoting the transition from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype. This study may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of CIBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251348778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticulate MgH₂ suppresses TRPM2-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome to relieve bone cancer pain.","authors":"Hang Xu, Hongtao Lu, Lu Lu, Zhenghao Li, Zhisheng Piao, Yi Jia, Xiaoyan Meng, Feixiang Wu","doi":"10.1177/17448069251348770","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251348770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone cancer metastases are the third most common site of cancer spread after lungs and liver. This condition often causes severe pain that impairs patients' physical, psychological, and social well-being. We aimed to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of magnesium hydride (MgH₂) on bone cancer pain (BCP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A BCP model was established in Wistar rats. Daily oral dosing of 0.5% w/w MgH₂ was administered. Assessment included pain sensitivity, motor coordination, and emotional behaviors. Hippocampal samples underwent RNA sequencing, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MgH₂ markedly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity and depressive behaviors in rats with BCP. These effects were linked to suppression of the TRPM2-NLRP3 signaling axis in hippocampal microglia. Additionally, MgH₂ served as an adjuvant to reduce opioid tolerance during fentanyl co-treatment, enabling lower opioid dosages. Collectively, MgH₂ inhibited TRPM2 activation, microglial activation, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome formation, which together reduced neuroinflammation and improved therapeutic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MgH₂ nanoparticles may relieve BCP and comorbid depressive symptoms by inhibiting TRPM2-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampal microglia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251348770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"One coin, two aspects\": The role of IGF1R singling in chronic pain.","authors":"Yang Li, Shi-Yu Sun, Tong Liu, Guo-Kun Zhou","doi":"10.1177/17448069251350856","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251350856","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251350856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascorbic acid relieves neuropathic pain and depressive behavior by reducing inflammation and activating antioxidant responses.","authors":"Lixin Yao, Mengwei Zhang, Shuang Wang, Qing Yao, Shaohui Chen, Zhongli Qin, Wei Meng, Haili Zhu, Ling Liu","doi":"10.1177/17448069251359598","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251359598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain (NP), a specific subtype of chronic pain, can induce depression-like behavior, presenting significant challenges for clinical treatment. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a free radical scavenger; however, its regulatory effects on NP, particularly within the spinal cord, remain ambiguous. In this research, we examined the impact of AA on NP and associated depression-like behavior by establishing a spinal nerve injury (SNI) NP model. Behavioral tests showed that mice in the SNI group exhibited hyperalgesia and depression-like behavior. Compared with the control group, the SNI group showed attenuated antioxidant responses (impaired Nrf2 signaling), excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and elevated AMPK activity in spinal cord tissues. However, treatment with AA alleviated NP and depression-like behavior in mice with SNI by suppressing NLRP3-mediated inflammation and enhancing Nrf2-driven antioxidant responses. In vivo electrophysiology demonstrated that AA reversed the increase in theta, alpha, and beta band energies in mice with SNI. The results suggest that AA mitigates NP and comorbid depression-like behavior by inhibiting the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and activating the Nrf2 pathway. Its ability to normalize neurophysiological rhythms further supports its therapeutic potential for NP. These findings imply that AA is a novel therapeutic agent for NP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251359598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12314247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of XGBoost in the prediction of acute postoperative pain after major noncardiac surgery in older patients.","authors":"Yang Sun, Kang Yu, Leyao Du, Xiaoyun Hu, Weixuan Sheng, Dongxin Wang, Huihui Miao","doi":"10.1177/17448069251376199","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251376199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute postoperative pain (APP) are key factors in the recovery of surgical patients after surgery. This study used the machine learning eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm for the prediction of acute postoperative pain after major noncardiac surgery in older patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial containing 1720 older patients undergoing general anesthesia. The training and test sets were divided according to the timeline. The Boruta function was made to screen for relevant characteristic variables. The XGBoost model was built on the training set using 10-fold cross-validation and hyperparameter optimization, and the tuned optimal model plotted the importance ranking diagram of feature variables, partial dependence profile (PDP) and Break down profile (BDP). The optimal model was used to calculate the confusion matrices and their parameters for the training and validation sets, and to plot the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), precision recall curve (PRC), calibration curve and Clinical decision curve (CDC) on the validation set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Boruta function was used to screen the relevant characteristic variables, and the screened postoperative acute pain characteristic variables were CHARLSON score, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), duration of surgery, preoperative depression score, smoking or not, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative mean heart rate, lidocaine dosage, age, intraoperative morphine dosage, grouping, preoperative anxiety score, loperamide dosage, intraoperative colloid amount, APACHE -II score, postoperative ICU or not, surgical site and postoperative tracheal intubation or not. Test set and validation set accuracy (ACC) for acute postoperative pain: 0.921 and 0.871; AUC-ROC: 0.964 and 0.920; AUC-PRC: 0.983 and 0.959; Brier: 0.067 and 0.098; Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC): 0.847 and 0.746.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high-performance algorithm was developed and validated to predict the degree of change in postoperative pain; controlling important characterizing variables may be helpful for postoperative analgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251376199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and anxiety in Chinese patients hospitalized with primary headache: A cross-sectional multicenter study.","authors":"Zhihua Jia, Dongjun Wan, Ziming Yin, Zhiliang Fan, Peng Xu, Xueqian Yuan, Min Chen, Dan Wang, Hebo Wang, Shengshu Wang, Shuhua Zhang, Ruozhuo Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Rongfei Wang, Hui Su, Xun Han, Zhe Yu, Yingji Li, Shengyuan Yu, Zhao Dong","doi":"10.1177/17448069251314271","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251314271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary headache and psychiatric diseases are bidirectional correlated. The real-world data of depression and anxiety in Chinese patients hospitalized for primary headache, considering all subtypes, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled patients attending eight Chinese headache centers from October 2022 to September 2023. A WeChat mini-program was designed to collect data. Headache was diagnosed and confirmed by two headache specialists. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to assess depression and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1963 patients with primary headache were analyzed; the prevalence of depression and anxiety was 20.1% (396/1963) and 14.8% (290/1963), respectively. Of the 1963 patients, 217 (11.1%) had history of anxiety or depression and 184 (9.4%) had undergone assessments. Patients with both primary headache and depression were more likely to be women (77.8% vs 71.9%), experience more severe headache (numerical rating scale; 6.2 ± 1.9 vs 5.7 ± 1.9) and greater impacts on quality of life (Headache Impact Test-6; 65.3± 8.5 vs 58.1 ± 11.5). Those with both primary headache and anxiety exhibited similar results and were less educated. Depression and anxiety were more prevalent in chronic migraineurs (CM) than in episodic migraineurs (36.8% vs 16.9% and 28.9% vs 12.3%, respectively) and in those with chronic (CTTH) than in those with episodic tension-type headache (30.6% vs 15.1% and 20.1% vs 12.8%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression and anxiety are inadequately diagnosed and strongly associated with sex, severe headache, chronification and disability in patients with primary headache in China. To improve the health of patients with primary headaches, early screening for depression and anxiety is important.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251314271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11815811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puerarin improves the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression by binding with Bax and reducing mitochondrial dysfunction.","authors":"Gege Sheng, Yin Wu, Lixin Yao, Hongyan Liu, Peigen Zhang, Cancan Song, Ganlin Wu, Haili Zhu","doi":"10.1177/17448069251335230","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251335230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a common comorbidity of chronic pain. The comorbidity of pain and depression causes longer symptoms and poorer patient prognosis. Periaqueductal gray (PAG) is the key region for the regulation of pain and depression. Puerarin (Pue) is a natural isoflavone compound that has a neuroprotective effect, but the mechanisms on the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression remain unclear. In this study, the spared nerve injury (SNI) produced mechanical allodynia and depressive-like behaviors and elevated the neurological damage in ventrolateral (vl) PAG. Meanwhile, at the 8 weeks following injury, mitochondrial dysfunctions including the dysregulated protein levels, the decreased Mn-SOD activity and the reduced ATP contents were observed in vlPAG of SNI model mice. Pue administration improved mechanical pain, motor coordination, and depression-like behaviors, decreased the neuronal activity and neuroinflammation, and elevated the mitochondrial function in vlPAG. Database analysis and experimental assay showed that Pue bound with Bax at the affinity of 2.4 ± 0.1 μM via D102 residue, and decreased Bax level in vlPAG of mice and in primary astrocytic cells. In addition, Pue also recovered levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species, and decreased inflammation in primary astrocytic cells. These results suggest that Pue improves the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression by targeting Bax and reducing mitochondrial dysfunction in vlPAG. This study may provide a theoretical basis for Pue application in improving the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251335230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction/hyperfunction inducing excessive mtROS in inflammatory and neuropathic pain.","authors":"Xiaoye Zhu, Saige Chen, Mengqi Li, Yunchuan Xiong, Zhigang Cheng, Xiaoyan Zhu, Qulian Guo","doi":"10.1177/17448069251359601","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251359601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria, known as the powerhouses of cells, are considered a key source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in various cell types. In the context of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, both mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperfunction can lead to aberrant production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which has been implicated in the development and persistence of pain hyperalgesia. This comprehensive review delves into the compelling correlation between mitochondrial functional activity and diverse pain conditions, with a special emphasis on inflammatory pain and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Furthermore, it explores the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial protection and mtROS scavenging to maintain mitochondrial redox homeostasis, offering a novel approach for pain management. The findings presented here provide valuable insights into the multifaceted role of mitochondria in pain modulation, laying a solid foundation for future research and the development of innovative analgesic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251359601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12314240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gabapentin's effect on human dorsal root ganglia: Donor-specific electrophysiological and transcriptomic profiles.","authors":"Jenna B Demeter, Nesia A Zurek, Maddy R Koch, Aleyah E Goins, Cristian O Holguin, Mark W Shilling, Michael S Davis, Reza Ehsanian, Sascha Ra Alles, June Bryan I de la Peña","doi":"10.1177/17448069251361712","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251361712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain affects approximately 10% of the adult population and is commonly treated with gabapentin (GBP), a repurposed anticonvulsant drug. Despite its widespread use, GBP's effectiveness varies significantly among patients, highlighting the need to better understand its functional and molecular impacts on human nociceptors. Here we characterized the electrophysiological and transcriptomic effects of GBP on primary neurons derived from the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of ethically consented human donors. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we demonstrated that GBP treatment reduced neuronal excitability, with more pronounced effects in multi-firing vs. single-firing neurons. Notably, significant donor-specific variability was observed in electrophysiological responsiveness to GBP treatment in vitro. RNA sequencing of DRG tissue from the donor that was more responsive to GBP revealed differences in transcriptome-wide expression of genes associated with ion transport, synaptic transmission, inflammation, and immune response. Cross-transcriptomic analyses further showed that GBP treatment counteracted these alterations, rescuing aberrant gene expression at the pathway level and for several key genes. This study provides a comprehensive electrophysiological and transcriptomic profile of the effects of GBP on human DRG neurons. These findings enhance our understanding of GBP's mechanistic actions on peripheral sensory neurons and could help optimize its use for managing neuropathic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251361712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral pain-related acute actions of cerulein on mouse and human sensory neurons.","authors":"Sachin Goyal, Nesia Zurek, Reza Ehsanian, Shivali Goyal, David T Jones, Mark Shilling, Gary V Desir, Fred Gorelick, Karin N Westlund, Sascha Ra Alles","doi":"10.1177/17448069251353346","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251353346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerulein is an orthologue of cholecystokinin, which is often used to induce acute pancreatitis in pre-clinical studies. In these models, animals show signs of pain, and this is the most common complaint of patients with acute pancreatitis. However, little is known about how this pain is mediated, the role of cerulein murine pain responses, or its relevance to human pancreatitis pain. We injected 25 or 50 µg/kg cerulein intraperitoneally into male and female mice and assessed pain behaviors using the von Frey test of mechanical hypersensitivity. The excitability of mouse and human visceral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons was assessed using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. Pharmacology was performed using commercial antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK) A or B receptors. We show that pain behaviors developed similarly in male and female cerulein-injected mice and that visceral DRG from these mice exhibited increased excitability compared to controls. Direct application of cerulein to T8-L2 mouse and human DRG showed increased excitability compared to controls consistent with DRG from cerulein-injected mice. The actions of cerulein on visceral DRG neurons were attributed to CCK-A, but not CCK-B receptor. A similar response to cerulein was observed in human thoracic DRG neurons. These findings highlight the importance of the cholecystokinin system, particularly the CCK-A receptor, to visceral pain including pancreatitis through direct sensitization of visceral DRG neurons from mice or humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251353346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}