Molecular Pain最新文献

{"title":"EXPRESS: Redox-Associated Gene and microRNA Signatures in Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Disease.","authors":"Damian Strojny, Karol Szwej, Rafał Staszkiewcz, Dawid Sobański, Paweł Gogol, Maria Lehotska, Bozena Majchrowicz, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek","doi":"10.1177/17448069261444495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069261444495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of chronic low back pain and disability worldwide. Growing evidence highlights oxidative stress as a key driver of disc degeneration; however, the integrated relationships between gene expression, regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs), and protein-level changes across disease stages remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to identify oxidative stress-related molecular signatures in IVDD and to explore their miRNA-mediated regulation across degeneration grades.The study included 200 patients with lumbosacral IVDD undergoing microdiscectomy and 100 postmortem control samples without spinal pathology. Degeneration severity was classified using the Pfirrmann scale, and pain intensity was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Gene expression of oxidative stress markers was evaluated using RT-qPCR, while protein levels were quantified by ELISA. Additionally, bioinformatic prediction and RT-qPCR validation were used to analyze mRNA-miRNA interactions.Gene expression analysis revealed progressive downregulation of antioxidant genes CAT (FC ≈ -6.40) and GPX1 (FC ≈ -9.56), alongside upregulation of MAPK8 (FC ≈ 8.18) and IL6 (FC ≈ 8.18), with a moderate increase in NRF1 expression. These values reflect comparisons between advanced degeneration (G5) and controls. In contrast, protein analysis showed an inverse trend, with increasing levels of CAT, GPX1, and NRF1 and decreasing levels of MAPK8 and IL6 as degeneration progressed.miRNA profiling demonstrated significant dysregulation, including downregulation of miR-3163 and miR-196a-1-3p and upregulation of miR-665-3p and miR-4686. Correlation analysis indicated that molecular alterations were more strongly associated with structural degeneration than with pain intensity, as VAS-related differences were generally weak and non-significant.Overall, the results reveal a complex regulatory network in IVDD, characterized by discordant mRNA-protein expression and significant miRNA involvement. Oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways appear tightly regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and are more closely linked to structural degeneration than clinical pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069261444495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147639383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Interaction of Chronic Daily Headache, Dietary Intake of Iron, and FTO Genotype.","authors":"Yeganeh Shekari, Zahra Mahmoodi, Mohammadtaghi Ghorbani Hesari, Parsa Bahmani, Shaylin Abdoli, Abdolrahman Parhiz, Masoomeh Alsadat Mirshafaei, Fatemeh Sadat Fahimzad, Faezeh Varmazyar, Saeid Doaei, Maryam Gholamalizadeh","doi":"10.1177/17448069261439611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069261439611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic daily headache (CDH) is known to be a common and debilitating disease that is influenced by genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors. Iron (Fe) plays a key role in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis, while the FTO gene (rs9939609) may play a role in modulating nutritional responses and nutrient metabolism. This study aimed to determine the interaction between CDH odds, dietary iron intake, and FTO genotype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted on 150 CDH patients and 150 healthy individuals aged 40 to 80 years. Participants were assessed for anthropometric assessments, assessment of food intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and FTO genotype. The association between dietary iron intake and CDH stratified by FTO genotype was assessed using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, energy intake, and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among individuals with AT/AA genotypes, those with CDH had lower dietary iron intake than controls (17.10 ± 4.02 vs. 18.63 ± 4.62 mg/day, p = 0.023). Logistic regression after full adjustment found an inverse association between dietary iron and CDH in AT/AA genotype carriers (P = 0.042). No significant association was observed in TT genotype carriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary iron intake may be associated with a reduced odds of CDH in FTO A allele carriers, but no association was observed in TT genotype carriers, suggesting a gene-nutrient interaction in the prevention and management of CDH. Further studies are necessary to substantiate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069261439611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: A Road to Recovery: Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels as Therapeutic Avenues for Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Manavi, Amirhossein Charmchi, Reza Yegani, Fatemeh Nejati, Razieh Mohammad Jafari, Ahmad Reza Dehpour","doi":"10.1177/17448069261422992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069261422992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a cascade of secondary insults-including vascular disruption, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-that worsen neurological outcomes. Among the molecular mediators, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have emerged as pivotal regulators of SCI pathology. Distinct subtypes contribute to diverse processes: TRPV1 and TRPA1 drive pain hypersensitivity and inflammation, TRPM2 and TRPM7 amplify oxidative injury and barrier breakdown, TRPC6 shapes astrocyte reactivity, while TRPML1 may confer neuroprotection via autophagy. Although these insights highlight TRPs as attractive therapeutic targets, clinical translation is hampered by widespread channel distribution, poor selectivity of available modulators, and systemic toxicity. Advancing SCI treatment will require innovative strategies to selectively modulate TRP signaling, exploit targeted delivery systems, and integrate TRP modulation into multimodal therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069261422992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Assessment of Pain-Related Biomarkers in Migraine and Tension Headache Patients Pre- and Post-Botulinum Toxin Therapy.","authors":"Afrah Abdulsahib Abbas, Fawaz Aswad, Taghreed Zaidan","doi":"10.1177/17448069261422070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069261422070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic impact of Onabotulinumtoxin A (botulinum toxin) injections in patients suffering from chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache, while assessing changes in salivary pain biomarkers-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). A total of 45 subjects were recruited: 25 diagnosed with chronic migraine and 20 with chronic tension-type headache, based on criteria from the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 and ICHD-2 revisions, respectively). Diagnosis confirmation was supported by MRI or CT imaging to exclude other etiologies. Salivary CGRP and PACAP levels were measured before and after botulinum toxin administration using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this open-label, uncontrolled design, results showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in both biomarkers post-treatment across both patient groups. Onabotulinumtoxin A demonstrated apparent effectiveness as a prophylactic therapy, contributing to notable improvement in headache symptoms. Among all clinical parameters evaluated, orofacial pain showed the highest responsiveness to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069261422070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring frequency-dependent and dynamic changes in brain connectivity of chronic back pain patients using degree centrality analysis.","authors":"Hanjun Hu, Luoyu Wang, Jiayi Deng, Yi Lin, Xue Tang, Xiuhong Ge, Zhongxiang Ding","doi":"10.1177/17448069251412603","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251412603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic Back Pain (CBP) may lead to a reorganization of brain function, which can be observed through the indicator of degree centrality (DC). Traditional pain research has predominantly focused on static measurements of brain function within classical frequency bands, which may not fully capture the complexities of chronic pain. This study not only employed static frequency division but also incorporated dynamic analyses to capture the evolving nature of brain activity in chronic pain conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included a total of 31 patients with CBP and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Spontaneous brain activity was investigated by traditional DC, DC in subfrequency bands (slow-5, slow-4) and dynamic DC (dDC). Differences in brain regions between the two groups were obtained using two-sample <i>t</i>-tests. The association of abnormal brain regions with pain intensity and psychological tests were analyzed in parallel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to classical frequency band, the number of brain regions with changes in DC values in the slow-5 frequency band is greater. The right angular gyrus was found in both the slow-5 frequency band and the classical frequency band, while the left putamen was only found in the slow-5 frequency band. The dDC values were changed in left hippocampus, and right putamen, which were all different from the brain regions that the static DC (sDC) value altered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that incorporating frequency and dynamic analysis in addition to traditional DC metrics can better understand the functional characteristics of the brain in CBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251412603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12833176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezo1-mediated neuroexcitation via collaboration with KCa1.1 and Nav1.9 currents in myelinated Ah-type of trigeminal ganglion neurons in rats: Mechanistic insights with sex-specific effects.","authors":"Yang Liu, Yao Song, Ximeng Ren, Meng Li, Shuangshuang Liu, Zixuan Li, Dapeng Ding, Xiaolong Lu","doi":"10.1177/17448069251410754","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251410754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It has well been documented that sex-related difference in the prevalence of migraine is widely accepted with more commonly seen in female patients. Although trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons are the key players in the etiology of migraine, the underlying pathophysiology remains under debate so far.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Myelinated Ah-type TG neurons were identified by the waveform characters of action potential (AP) conjugated with pharmacological validation using whole-cell patch techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that AP duration and current derivative for repolarization were markedly increased by 3 µM Yoda1 along with the increased firing frequency of repetitive discharge that could be abolished by 3 µM GsMTx4. Although Yoda1 concentration-dependently increased the peaks of Ca²⁺ currents, the blocker for Ca²⁺ channel ω-Conotoxin did not alter the AP waveform characters and discharge profiles, whereas Yoda1-mediated changes in AP waveform trajectory and repetitive discharge could be completely reversed by 1.0 µM Iberiotoxin, a selective KCa1.1 blocker, suggesting that Piezo1-induced Ca²⁺ influx can activate KCa1.1 via presumably channel coupling. Additionally, Ah-type TG neurons functionally expressed Nav1.9/Nav1.8 in all tested neurons and their peaks were significantly increased by 3 µM Yoda1 and completely blocked by 3 µM GsMTx4.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These datasets have demonstrated Piezo1-mediated neuroexcitation of female-specific subpopulation of myelinated Ah-type TG neurons due at least to the coupling between N-type Ca²⁺ channel and KCa1.1 and functional upregulation of Nav1.9, which uncovers an additional insights for higher incidence of migraine in woman.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251410754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond sodium channel blockade: Flavonoid as alternative local anesthetic candidates of lidocaine.","authors":"Mamoru Takeda, Syogo Utugi, Ryou Toyota, Yukito Sashide","doi":"10.1177/17448069251412600","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251412600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When conventional drug-based Western medicine proves ineffective, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including herbal medicine and acupuncture, often gains prominence. Phytochemicals, plant-derived compounds synthesized for self-protection against environmental stressors like ultraviolet radiation and insects, have also shown numerous physiological benefits in humans. Among these, flavonoid compounds - abundant in fruits and vegetables - have garnered significant research interest due to their reported biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Recent in vitro studies have provided substantial evidence that flavonoids modulate the activity of various ion channels. These channels are crucial for the generation and conduction of activation and action potentials in excitable cells, including those involved in pain transmission. These findings strongly suggest that flavonoids could serve as novel therapeutic agents for pain relief, potentially replacing existing local anesthetics. This paper discusses recent in vivo neurophysiological findings which reveal the potential of flavonoids to substitute existing local anesthetics in nociceptive and inflammatory pain. We explore the possibility of developing new drugs with fewer side effects by focusing on the common chemical structure of flavonoids, addressing the shortcomings of current anesthetics, and outlining future prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251412600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12812192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top-down descending modulation of dorsal spinal excitatory transmission from the insular cortex.","authors":"Qi-Yu Chen, Ren-Hao Liu, Shiwen Xue, Min Zhuo","doi":"10.1177/17448069261428918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069261428918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The insular cortex (IC), a critical hub for nociception, emotion, and cognition processing, has emerged as a key role in the descending modulation of spinal cord excitability. Although previous studies have suggested that IC may influence spinal nociceptive reflexes through direct or indirect top-down pathways, the specific effects of IC stimulation on spinal nociceptive transmission remain unclear. In this study, by combining in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp, behavioral and morphological approaches, we identified a direct projection from the IC to the contralateral dorsal spinal cord. To determine whether IC activation affect the spinal nociceptive reflex, we measured the spinal nociceptive tail-flick (TF) reflex during IC stimulation. We found that activating the IC by electric stimulation did not significantly alter the spinal TF reflex. Furthermore, in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from spinal dorsal horn neurons revealed that IC stimulation produced delayed inhibition of spontaneous excitatory transmission in some neurons, while exciting or having no significant effect on others. These results indicate that the top-down modulation from the IC to the spinal cord is not uniformly facilitatory, distinguishing it from the consistently facilitatory effects observed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)-spinal cord projection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069261428918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146259019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the role and mechanism of the IL-10-IRF-8 signaling pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell therapy for pain in CCD rats.","authors":"Yican Yang, Mutong Wang, Shuai Guo, Yan Feng, Yang Zhang, Shouwei Yue","doi":"10.1177/17448069261432034","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069261432034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the analgesic effects and mechanisms of BMSCs-IL-10⁺ administered via intrathecal injection in CCD rats.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>After CCD surgery, rats were administered intrathecal injections of PBS, BMSCs, BMSCs-IL-10⁺, BMSCs-IL-10⁺+Anti-IL-10, LV-IRF-8, and LV-IRF-8+IL-10. Pain was assessed by measuring the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). Glial cell activation and M2 microglial polarization were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of Iba-1, GFAP, and Arg-1, and by WB for Iba-1 and Arg-1. Spinal cord inflammation was assessed by PCR analysis of TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the CCD+PBS group, intrathecal injection of both BMSCs and BMSCs-IL-10⁺ significantly alleviated CCD-induced mechanical and thermal pain. However, the analgesic effect of the BMSCs group markedly decreased after 4 days, while the BMSCs-IL-10⁺ group lasted at least 14 days. The BMSCs-IL-10⁺ group significantly upregulated the expression of TGF-β while downregulating TNF-α and IL-1β, inhibiting glial cell activation and promoting M2 microglia polarization. These effects were superior to the BMSCs group and could be abolished by anti-IL-10 antibody. IRF-8 overexpression exacerbated pain and inflammation in CCD rats, but the combined application of IL-10 protein reversed this impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-10 is a key cytokine mediating the analgesic effects of BMSCs. Transplantation of BMSCs-IL-10⁺ cells reduces glial activation, alleviates neuroinflammation, and relieves neuropathic pain by enhancing IL-10 expression and suppressing IRF-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069261432034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13039620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147308135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of estrous cycle, gonadectomy (ovariectomy or castration), and selective G-protein estrogen receptor agonism on inflammatory pain in wild-type mice.","authors":"Robert C Barnes, America Alanis, Hannah Quick, Josée Guindon","doi":"10.1177/17448069261421801","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069261421801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory pain is a key component of acute traumatic pain and chronic rheumatic disease, which significantly reduces the quality of life of those who suffer from it and is often refractory to treatment. One contributor to the failure of current treatments is that the majority of pain testing has historically been performed in male subjects while the majority of pain patients are women. To better manage inflammatory pain, first the baseline sex differences in its experience must be assessed. Therefore, we evaluated C57BL/6J male and female mice for baseline sex differences in the formalin model of inflammatory pain, further investigating the observed significant sex differences through both assessing female mice at each phase of the estrous cycle and through examining the effects of gonadectomy (ovariectomy or castration) within the formalin model of inflammatory pain. Female mice in the metestrus or diestrus phase had decreased inflammatory pain relative to both male mice and female mice in the proestrus or estrus phase. Ovariectomy resulted in decreased pain, which was restored through treatment with estradiol (E2). Castration similarly reduced pain in male mice. Injection of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) agonist G1 resulted in significant antinociception in both female and male mice, in both mice that had received sham surgery or gonadectomy. These results establish baseline sex differences in the formalin model of inflammatory pain and support the need for further investigation into the interaction between estrogen, its receptors, and testosterone in the regulation of nociception.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069261421801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12967371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}