Molecular Pain最新文献

{"title":"EXPRESS: Meningeal macrophages mask incision pain sensitization in male rats.","authors":"Mahshad Kolahdouzan, Shahrzad Ghazisaeidi, YuShan Tu, Milind M Muley, Eder Gambeta, Michael Salter","doi":"10.1177/17448069251383593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069251383593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord house a variety of immune cell types including macrophages that express the CD206 mannose receptor. Here, we investigated whether CD206⁺ macrophages in the meninges play a role in regulating nociception and pain hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selectively depleted CD206⁺ macrophages in the meninges around the lumbar spinal cord by intrathecal administration of anti-CD206 coupled to saporin, and determined the effects of CD206⁺ macrophage depletion on responses in naïve rats and in those that had received a skin incision to the upper hindlimb. In addition, we used RNAseq to investigate transcriptional changes in lumbar meninges and dorsal root ganglia. Experiments were done in both male and female rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depleting CD206⁺ meningeal macrophages did not alter basal responses in naïve animals of either sex. By contrast depleting these cells after skin injury induced mechanical hypersensitivity in male rats, without changes in thermal sensitivity but had no effect in females. In male rats with skin incision injury, we found that the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by depleting CD206⁺ meningeal macrophages was reversed by administering the NMDAR antagonist, APV. In addition, the hypersensitivity was reversed by an enhancer of KCC2 function, CLP290. Unexpectedly, skin incision caused significant transcriptional changes in the meninges, but only in male rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taken together, our results indicate that while CD206⁺ meningeal macrophages do not regulate basal nociception in naïve rats, after skin incision injury, these cells mask mechanical hypersensitivity in male rats only. Thus, we conclude that in a sex-dependent manner CD206⁺ meningeal macrophages prevent the spread of pain hypersensitivity after a minor injury. Importantly, the skin incision we used was comparable to that used in 'sham' controls in numerous rodent studies of neuropathic pain. Our findings have, therefore, potentially broad implications for re-interpreting results from previous neuropathic pain research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251383593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Dehydrocorydaline can be a suitable candidate for analgesic purposes: a review on the current preclinical evidence.","authors":"Mehdi Dehghani, Behrang Nooralishahi, Fatemeh Rezaee Tazangi","doi":"10.1177/17448069251380033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069251380033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain stands as one of the main factors related to human disability and suffering, with different classifications (e.g., acute/chronic, somatic/visceral, and malignant/non-malignant). The management of this factor is of great importance during the lifespan; however, the current suggested medications have not yet reflected sufficient effectiveness with minimum side effects. Therefore, applying an ideal strategy against conditions accompanied by pain is urgent. A growing body of evidence has recently highlighted that alkaloids as bioactive compounds with analgesic capacity can be effective in these conditions. Regarding this matter, dehydrocorydaline, a bioactive alkaloid derived from the tubers of Rhizoma Corydalis, has shown promising results in pain management in diseases, including Chronic constriction injury, bone cancer, sleep deprivation, and inflammatory pain. Also, dehydrocorydaline has been shown to exert different biological and pharmacological benefits, like anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-nociceptive, and cardioprotective. Hence, in this literature review, we aimed to explore the potential of this alkaloid agent in these conditions with a mechanistic insight.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251380033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Exacerbation of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain behaviors in breast tumor-bearing mice.","authors":"Hee Kee Kim, Juping Xing, Youn-Sang Jung, Jae-Il Park, Hee Young Kim, Jimin Kim, Salahadin Abdi","doi":"10.1177/17448069251380034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069251380034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic pain and cancer interact bidirectionally, with pain enhancing sensory peptides and potentially promoting tumor growth. Despite this, most chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CIPN) studies overlook the contribution of cancer itself to neuropathy, focusing instead on chemotherapy-induced mechanisms. Animal models of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) have been developed by injecting chemotherapeutic drugs such as paclitaxel into normal animals without cancer. This study aimed to develop a new model in mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyMT) mice, a widely used breast cancer model with normal immune function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of positive response (PPR) of paclitaxel-injected MMTV-PyMT mice increased (about 20%; baseline, 10%) on day 4, reached the highest levels (50%-60%) on days 6-9, and then plateaued by day 29. In comparison, the PPR of paclitaxel-injected C57BL/6 was less than 10% on days 0-6, was about 40% on day 9, and then plateaued by day 29. Breast tumor-bearing mice exhibited an earlier onset and greater severity of paclitaxel-induced pain behaviors than tumor-free C57BL/6 mice. Systemic LGK-974 ameliorated paclitaxel-induced pain behaviors in MMTV-PyMT mice. Active β-catenin was detected in neurons and satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model in breast tumor-bearing female MMTV-PyMT mice may be a useful animal model for investigating the analgesic effects and underlying mechanisms for CINP in breast cancer patients as well as the interplay between CINP development and cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251380034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Honokiol and analgesia: a mechanistic review on the current capacities and challenges.","authors":"Behrang Nooralishahi, Mehdi Dehghani, Fatemeh Rezaee Tazangi","doi":"10.1177/17448069251377447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069251377447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain is an unfavorable subjective sensation influencing 20% of the public population, giving rise to substantial health and economic issues. Several categories of pain, such as acute and chronic pain, have been determined according to factors like pathophysiological mechanism, etiology, and anatomical locations. The current analgesic drugs are the cornerstone of pain management; however, some challenges, such as short-term relief and concerns about addiction, dependence, and side effects, warrant alternative choices for pain alleviation. In the recent decade, the importance of polyphenolic compounds, particularly honokiol, has increased due to their diverse therapeutic and biological features like anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and immune regulatory properties. Also, some documents have accentuated the striking role of honokiol in exerting analgesic effects in conditions such as inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, and gouty arthritis. Ergo, the current literature review aimed to discuss the analgesic potential of honokiol in the mentioned conditions with a mechanistic insight.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251377447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Expression of Tacr1 and Gpr83 by spinal projection neurons.","authors":"Wenhui Ma, Allen Dickie, Erika Polgár, Mansi Yadav, Raphaelle Quillet, Maria Gutierrez-Mecinas, Andrew M Bell, Andrew Todd","doi":"10.1177/17448069251342409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17448069251342409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anterolateral system (ALS) projection neurons underlie perception of pain, itch and skin temperature. These cells are heterogeneous, and there have therefore been many attempts to define functional populations. A recent study identified two classes of ALS neuron in mouse superficial dorsal horn (SDH) based on expression of the G protein-coupled receptors Tacr1 or Gpr83. It was reported that cells expressing these receptors formed largely non-overlapping populations, and that ~60% of ALS cells in SDH expressed Tacr1. An additional finding was that while Tacr1- and Gpr83-expressing ALS cells projected to several brain nuclei, their axons did not reach the ventral posterolateral (VPL) thalamic nucleus, which is reciprocally connected to the primary somatosensory cortex. These results were surprising, because we had reported that ~90% of SDH ALS neurons in the mouse possess the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1r), which is encoded by Tacr1, and in addition the VPL is thought to receive input from lamina I ALS cells. Here we use retrograde and anterograde labelling in Tacr1CreERT2 and Gpr83CreERT2 mice to reinvestigate the expression of the receptors by ALS neurons and to reassess their projection patterns. We find that ~90% of ALS neurons in SDH express Tacr1, with 40-50% expressing Gpr83. We also show that axons of both Tacr1- and Gpr83-expressing ALS neurons reach the VPL. These results suggest that ALS neurons in the SDH that express these GPCRs show considerable overlap, and that they are likely to contribute to the sensory-discriminative dimension of pain through their projections to VPL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251342409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PDCD4 inhibition alleviates neuropathic pain by regulating spinal autophagy and neuroinflammation.","authors":"Ting Zhang, Le Qi, Kai Sun, Xiang Huan, Hao Zhang, Liwei Wang","doi":"10.1177/17448069251333928","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251333928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain is still a clinical challenge. Inflammatory responses and autophagy in the spinal cord are important mechanisms for the occurrence and maintain of neuropathic pain. PDCD4 is an important molecule that regulates inflammation and autophagy. However, the regulatory role of PDCD4 is unknown in pain modulation. In this study we found that the expression of PDCD4 in the spinal cord of CCI mice was increased. Inhibition of PDCD4 by intrathecal injection of adeno-associated virus alleviated neuropathic pain hypersensitivity and enhanced autophagy in CCI mice, and inhibited the activation of MAPKs, as well as the expression of inflammatory factors. Intrathecal injection of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reversed PDCD4 inhibition induced pain relief and change of autophagy. Our results indicate that spinal cord inhibition of PDCD4 alleviates pain sensitization in neuropathic pain mice through MAPKs and autophagy, and PDCD4 may be developed into a therapeutic target of neuropathic pain treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251333928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced cancer perineural invasion induces profound peripheral neuronal plasticity, pain, and somatosensory mechanical deactivation, unmitigated by the lack of TNFR1. Part 2. Biophysics and gene expression.","authors":"Silvia Gutierrez, Renee A Parker, Morgan Zhang, Maria Daniela Santi, Yi Ye, Mario Danilo Boada","doi":"10.1177/17448069251323666","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251323666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preclinical studies addressing the peripheral effects of cancer perineural invasion report severe neuronal availability and excitability changes. Oral cell squamous cell carcinoma perineural invasion (MOC2-PNI) shows similar effects, modulating the afferent's sensibility (tactile desensitization with concurrent nociceptive sensitization) and demyelination without inducing spontaneous activity (see Part 1.). The current study addresses the electrical status (normal or abnormal) of both active (low threshold mechano receptors (LT) and high threshold mechano receptors (HT)) and inactive (F-type and S-type) afferents. Concurrently, we have also evaluated changes in the genetic landscape that may help to understand the physiological dynamics behind MOC2-PNI-induced functional disruption of the peripheral sensory system. We have observed that the altered cell distribution and mechanical sensibility of the animal's somatosensory system cannot be explained by cellular electrical dysfunction or MOC2-PNI-induced apoptosis. Although PNI does modify the expression of several genes related to cellular hypersensitivity, these changes are insufficient to explain the MOC2-PNI-induced aberrant neuronal excitability state. Our results indicate that genetic markers provide limited information about the functional hyperexcitable state of the peripheral system. Importantly, our results also highlight the emerging role of plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase activity (PMCA) in explaining several aspects of the observed gender-specific neuronal plasticity and the reported cellular distribution switch generated by MOC2-PNI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251323666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanized anti-P2X4 scFv reduces ATP-induced P2X4 currents and modulates excitability in human DRG neurons.","authors":"Nesia A Zurek, Mark W Shilling, Jenna B Demeter, Reza Ehsanian, Ian M Adams, Aleyah E Goins, Sachin Goyal, Philippe Séguéla, June Bryan I de la Peña, Adinarayana Kunamneni, Karin N Westlund, Sascha Ra Alles","doi":"10.1177/17448069251376200","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251376200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain affects nearly 100 million adults in the U.S., yet few novel therapeutics have emerged in recent decades. P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), implicated in pain signaling, represents a promising target. We evaluated a humanized single-chain variable fragment (hscFv) targeting P2X4R for its ability to reduce ATP-induced currents and modulate excitability in human dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) neurons. Voltage-clamp recordings confirmed that human P2X4R (hP2X4R) hscFv significantly reduced ATP-evoked currents in HEK-293T cells expressing human P2X4, likely by relocalization of the receptor to the perinuclear region after hscFv treatment. Immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated widespread P2X4R (<i>P2RX4</i>) expression across hDRG neuronal subtypes in both male and female donors. Current-clamp recordings revealed that hP2X4R hscFv selectively increased action potential (AP) threshold in multi-firing hDRG neurons, without affecting single-firing neurons. Spontaneous activity at rest and depolarizing spontaneous fluctuation (DSF) amplitude were also reduced. Analysis confirmed consistent effects of hP2X4R hscFv on excitability parameters. These findings suggest that hP2X4 hscFv exerts modest but targeted effects on human sensory neurons, supporting its potential as a novel therapeutic for chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251376200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analgesia and silymarin: What are the opportunities and challenges?","authors":"Mehdi Dehghani Firoozabadi, Behrang Nooralishahi, Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi","doi":"10.1177/17448069251377460","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251377460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional sensation about actual or possible tissue damage that can cause remarkable health and economic problems. For pain relief, analgesic drugs are commonly utilized; however, their prolonged use can cause different side effects from mild to severe stages. Therefore, discovering new and alternative choices for analgesic purposes is of importance. Hopeful evidence has shown that flavonoid compounds have various therapeutic and pharmacological potentials. Among these, silymarin, obtained from the milk thistle plant <i>Silybum marianum</i>, has addressed its competence in medicine, as demonstrated by its capacity against metabolic diseases, malignancies, inflammatory-related disorders, and organ toxicities. In the recent decade, some documents have stated the analgesic influences of silymarin, especially in some pathological situations like rheumatoid arthritis and neuropathic pain. Also, there is promising information regarding the possible synergistic effects of silymarin and some pharmacological or bioactive compounds. For these reasons, this narrative literature review aims to summarize and discuss the analgesic abilities of this flavonoid agent in pathological and nonpathological conditions and its interactions with other drugs with a focus on the involved mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251377460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 alleviates neuropathic pain associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice and inhibits tumor progression.","authors":"Shen-Quan Cai, Yi-Xuan Zhang, Chun Wang, Yu Gao, Ting-Yu Wang, Fang-Ning Xu, Qing-Zheng Liu, Jing Yin, Zhi-Jie Zhang, Shu Zhang, Muan-Lin Duan, Ying Huang, Gao-Jian Tao","doi":"10.1177/17448069251371549","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17448069251371549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic neuropathy occurs during the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with changes correlating to pancreatic neuropathic pain and increased expression of nociceptive genes in sensory ganglia. Emerging evidence suggests that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) plays critical roles in the onset and maintenance of pain. However, whether S1PR1 in sensory ganglia contributes to PDAC-associated neuropathic pain remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected histopathological sections and pain-related data from patients who underwent surgical resection and were pathologically confirmed as having PDAC. S1PR1 levels in intrapancreatic nerves were measured using immunohistochemistry. A mouse model of PDAC-associated pain was established in C57BL/6J mice via orthotopic transplantation of MT5 cells. Pain behaviors were evaluated through abdominal mechanical hyperalgesia, hunch score, and open-field tests. The changes and subcellular localization of S1PR1 in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were observed. Subsequently, the S1PR1 antagonists W146 and FTY720 were administered to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We further assessed the analgesic efficacy and its impact on tumor progression of the S1PR1 antagonist FTY720.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S1PR1 levels in nerves from PDAC patients experiencing cancer-associated pain were significantly higher compared to those without such pain. In the DRGs of a PDAC mouse model, S1PR1 expression was upregulated and colocalized with neurons and satellite glial cells. Intrathecal injection of S1PR1 antagonists W146 and FTY720 effectively alleviated PDAC-induced neuropathic pain hypersensitivity and suppressed the upregulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Additionally, FTY720 alleviated pancreatic cancer-related neuropathic pain and demonstrated partial anti-tumor effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that S1PR1 in DRGs plays a pivotal role in PDAC-associated neuropathic pain. Inhibition of S1PR1 signaling may alleviate PDAC-related neuropathic pain, and targeting S1PR1 represents a promising strategy for adjuvant management of pancreatic cancer-related pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19010,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pain","volume":" ","pages":"17448069251371549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144847626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}