Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"The Comparison of Anthropometry and Quality of Life Before and During Ramadan Fasting Among Healthy Adult Population in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu","authors":"Nurul Ain Farhana Elias, Norsyafiqah Syazwana Shahruzi, Che Suhaili Che Taha","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.587","url":null,"abstract":"Ramadan fasting is a tenet of Islam where eating, drinking, taking medication and engaging in sexual activities are prohibited for all Muslims during daylight1. This religious fasting changed the food frequency and quantity, physical activity and sleep duration at night. Previous evidence has linked Ramadhan fasting with a positive effect on body weight was obseved2. In fact, increasing spiritual activities during this month might provide positive impact on emotion and mental health3. Therefore, this study aims to determine the comparison between anthropometry measurement and quality of life before and during Ramadhan fasting. \u0000  \u0000This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 healthy adult populations in Kuala Nerus. The mean age of participants was 22.57±3.8 years old with 85% of them were female and 15% were Malay male. The assessment of anthropometry consists of weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, total body water, total muscle mass and waist circumference. Waist circumference was obtained by measuring the narrowest part of torso or the midpoint between the last rib and hipbone using SECA measuring tape while height was assessed using stadiometer. Other anthropometric data were measured using Tanita BC-540 Body InnerScan, an electronic weighing scale with a precision of 0.1 kilograms. BMI is calculated by dividing weight (kg) by square of height (meter). The quality of life was assessed using a short form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) where eight domains of quality of life were included (physical functioning, role of limitation due to physical health, role of limitation due to emotional problem, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain and general health). All outcomes were measured twice; before Ramadan (one to two weeks prior to Ramadhan month) and during Ramadan (week 2 to 4 of Ramadhan month). \u0000  \u0000Results revealed that body weight (p<0.001) body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001) and waist circumference (p=0.043) were significantly reduced during Ramadhan month with no significant changes in body fat percentage, total body water, and total muscle were evidenced among participants. For the quality of life, the domain of role limitations due to emotional problems has been observed to be improved during Ramadhan compared to before Ramadhan (p= 0.010). This study also found that body fat percentage was negatively correlated with physical functioning (r=-0.25, p=0.025) while waist circumference was positively correlated with energy level and fatigue (r= 0.25, p=0.025). \u0000This study provides evidence on the benefit of practicing Ramadan fasting among a healthy adult population where significant reduction of anthropometry (body weight, body mass index and waist circumference) and significant improvement of quality of life were observed. However, a wider population supported with biomarkers data is suggested for future studies to provide a better understanding in the benefit of Ramadhan Fasting on overall  health.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117162129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Practice Regarding Contact Lens Wear and Care Among Undergraduate Students in Universiti Sains Malaysia","authors":"Nurul Akmal Asnil Khairi, Norhasmah Mohd Zain","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.589","url":null,"abstract":"Contact lenses are thin optical correction lenses worn on the eye and rest on the cornea’s surface. The number of individuals who wear contact lenses is growing every day, but many people are unaware of the benefits and drawbacks of wearing them. Contact lens wear and care that is not adhered to can lead to severe ocular complications and permanent vision loss [1]. Overall rates of non-compliance with good contact lens wear have been cited in the literature as ranging from 40-91% in the past [2]. Knowledge and practice regarding contact lens wear and care is very important to control its progression and its complication effectively. \u0000  \u0000The objective of this cross-sectional study is to determine the knowledge and practice regarding contact lens wear and care and factor associated with the practice among undergraduate students in Universiti Sains Malaysia who have experienced wear contact lens. The questionnaire adopted from Abd Aziz et al [3] was distributed using the online method of Google form between January to May 2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26. Descriptive statistics were performed to determine the knowledge and practice. General linear regression modelling was used to analyze factors associated with practice. \u0000  \u0000A total of 170 undergraduate students from various faculties on 3 campuses of USM aged 20-27 years old were involved in this study. Regularity of contact lens use showed most respondents used contact lens as occasionally (38.8%) and for 4-6 days per weeks (25.3%). Half of respondent mentioned their purpose of contact lens use as a refractive error (51.2%) and there is similar percentage in term of duration of contact lens use for less than 1 year and 5 years (30% and 30.6% respectively). Mean score of knowledge was 21.71 ± 2.46 with 51.8% of the respondents in this study have poor knowledge of contact lens wear and care. Mean score of practice was 22.49 ± 2.76 with majority of the respondent (74.1%) have poor practice regarding contact lens wear and care. In the final model of general linear regression, factors associated with the practice of contact lens wear and care were gender, course of study, purpose of using contact lens, duration of contact lens use and knowledge of contact lens wear and care (p < 0.05).This study indicate there is a need for health education and awareness program to contact lens wearers especially among young people regarding contact lens usage, care, and its related complications","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":" 56","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120826796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Disease and its Related Factors in Renal and Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients in a Tertiary Hospital, Malaysia","authors":"M. Mastuki, S. Camalxaman, S. Idris, M. M. Mohd Lila, S. Masri, N. Mohd Taib","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.588","url":null,"abstract":"Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may cause substantial morbidity and mortality after renal and bone marrow transplantation [1]. There are 3 major consequences of HCMV infection: HCMV disease with a wide range of clinical illnesses; superinfection with opportunistic pathogens; and injury to the transplanted organ [2]. Other than serological method to diagnose HCMV infection, viral load quantitation by real time polymerase chain reaction has been widely appreciated to diagnose and monitor the progress of viral infections. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of HCMV infection in renal and bone marrow transplant recipients and to investigate its associations with HCMV disease, gender, and races. \u0000This retrospective cohort analysis involved 1520 blood samples from transplant recipients (renal, n = 164 and bone marrow, n = 182) from January 2020 to December 2021 collected from Virology Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (NMRR ethical approval: NMRR-20-993-53201(IIR). The samples were analysed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction for HCMV DNA and the demographic, clinical and paraclinical aspects were evaluated. HCMV infection was present if the patient had positive HCMV viraemia and HCMV disease was diagnosed if HCMV infection was followed by clinical signs and symptoms. Statistical comparisons of patient demographics were performed with Chi-square tests for the categorical variables. \u0000The overall incidence of HCMV infection in the study group was 65% (225/346) where renal and bone marrow transplants account for 78.2% (176/225) and 21.7% (49/225) respectively. The incidence of HCMV infection in renal transplantation differed significantly by sex (p<0.05) where it was higher in males (71.8%) than in females (28.2%) but there was not statistically significant by sex in bone marrow transplantation in which males and females account for 61.2% and 38.7% respectively.  The incidence of HCMV differed significantly (p<0.05) by races in both transplantation types as follows: 58% in Malay, 36% in Chinese, 5% in Indian and 1% in other indigenous races in renal transplantation while 59% in Malay, 29% in Chinese, 10% in Indian and 2% in other indigenous races in bone marrow transplantation.  The incidence of HCMV disease differed significantly (p<0.05) by type of transplantation where it is higher in renal transplantation (30.9%) than in bone marrow transplantation (20.2%). The most seen symptoms were fever, generalised lethargy, and headache. Viral load of HCMV has been shown to be a major determinant factor in the severity and the manifestation of the HCMV infection[3]. \u0000It is significantly higher in patients who develop HCMV disease[3]. Various risk factors have been described for the progress of symptomatic HCMV infection in organ transplant recipient[3]. The incidence of HCMV infection was higher in renal transplant as compared to bone marrow transplant among Malaysian. This study has shown that HCMV viral load has a significant associ","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117092459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Strategies to Prevent Muscle Loss after Bariatric Surgery","authors":"Nor Latifah Ab Majida, D. Vanoh, Mohd Nizam Md hashim, Nurzetty Sofia Zainuddin, Monaliza Ajid","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.564","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease that has increased dramatically worldwide [1]. The 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) showed that the prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Malaysia had increased by 0.6%, 2.6% and 2.0% respectively as compared to the previous findings of NHMS 2011[2]. Thus, many approaches have been attempted including bariatric surgery. However, it is associated with complications like lean tissue loss, augmented bone loss and a high risk of postprandial hypoglycemia due to patients being unable to achieve adequate dietary protein and accelerated nutrient emptying. Hence, this review paper provides several findings on possible causes of muscle tissue loss and nutritional strategies to prevent muscle loss. \u0000  \u0000Initially, a literature search was conducted from electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar Science Direct. A total of 15 articles on nutritional strategies to prevent muscle loss after bariatric surgery that was published between January 2017 and May 2022 were retrieved. In this review, several causes of muscle tissue loss, its consequences on a patient’s health and nutritional strategies to preserve muscle protein are summarized in the following figures. \u0000In conclusion, bariatric surgery leads to the loss of lean body mass and fat-free mass due to a significant decrease in protein intake and rapid weight loss. This will lead to several consequences that impair basal metabolism and body functions and reduce life quality [7]. Regular and sufficient protein intake together with resistance exercise are essential for muscle preservation [4]. Further research should be continued to increase the understanding of the pathophysiology and related mechanism that causes muscle loss and develop appropriate treatment and possible modifications in current bariatric procedures available.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122112597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sports Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Gymnasium Users in Jordan","authors":"Al-Quran Mohammad Abed Al-Hakim Mohd, Ayu Suzailiana Muhammad, N. S. Ahmad, F. Ooi","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.551","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrition forms the foundation for physical performance of an athlete. Nutrients deficiency can negatively affect health and sports performance of an athlete. There are several factors attributed to this situation which include lack of knowledge regarding nutrition, specifically sports nutrition. This is because, a person with lack of knowledge is most likely to have a negative attitude and poor dietary practice [1]. \u0000  \u0000The aim of the study is to assess the levels of nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among gymnasium users in Jordan. \u0000  \u0000In this study, a total of 138 male gymnasium users (18 – 35 years) were recruited from several gymnasiums in Jordan. Their height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The KAP-Sports nutrition questionnaires which contains 3 sections was administered. The first section comprised of 25 questions regarding knowledge on basic sports nutrition, the second section comprised of seven questions regarding usual food choices and proper nutrition, while the third section comprised of 20 questions on attitude towards nutrition and sports-enhancing diet. Descriptive analysis (SPSS vs. 26.0) was used to analyse the data from KAP questionnaires. \u0000  \u0000As shown in the Table 1, majority of the participants have moderate knowledge on sports nutrition (77.6%; n=107) with minority of the participants have low knowledge on sports nutrition (3.3%; n=6) while the rest of them have high knowledge on sports nutrition (18.1%; n=25). For attitude, majority of the participants have neutral attitude (84.7%; n=117) with minority of the participants have positive attitude (5.1%; n=7) while the rest of them have negative attitude towards sports nutrition (10.2%; n=14). A total of 93 participants (67.4%) had fair dietary practices and 45 participants (32.6%) had a poor dietary practice. However, none of the participants (0%) had a good dietary practice. \u0000In conclusion, gymnasium users in Jordan did not have adequate knowledge which in turns affect their attitude as well as dietary practice. Hence, sports nutrition education is recommended to ensure adequate and correct knowledge are disseminated to the athletes. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125677033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Assessment of Vitamin D Dietary Intake and its Associations with Attitude among Pregnant Mothers in Malaysia","authors":"Ernurfarhanis Syahira Zulkifli, Che Suhaili Che Taha","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.556","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D had many benefits to human body, deficiency of it can cause many adverse effect to health including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm birth and small for gestational age infants [1]. High intake from food sources consists of vitamin D and supplementation brought positive effect to pregnant mothers, especially when begin a proper intake during early pregnancy. Sunlight exposure, food sources and supplement intake were the three main sources of vitamin D [2]. Despite of abundance sunlight available throughout the year, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was prevalent in Malaysia particularly among pregnant mothers. Pregnant women were at risk of VDD due to their increased vitamin D needs, poor dietary vitamin D intake, and lack of sun exposure [3]. Pregnancy was a phase of life when VDD was widespread hence making it as a major concern for pregnant and lactating women [4]. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between intake of vitamin D and attitude level among pregnant mothers in Malaysia. \u0000  \u0000Out of 233 participants from sample size, a total of 200 participants logged onto the online questionnaire, completed the form given with full information on sociodemographic characteristics. 200 of the participants were incorporated into the final data analysis giving the response rate 86%. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data. Applying the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) [2], vitamin D intakes were calculated, and attitude was assessed using customised, validated questionnaires [5,6]. The findings indicated that in Malaysia, the majority of expectant mothers (80.5%) did not meet the RNI 2017 standard. Majority of participants were Malay (93%) followed by Chinese (4%), Indian (2%) and others (1%) and most of them obtained university/college education (80.5%) with moderate monthly income (RM 4,851 - RM 10,970) participated in this study. \u0000The mean dietary intake of vitamin D among pregnant mothers was 10.41 + 4.52 µg/day but did not achieve the RNI recommendation of (15µg/day). The major contributor to vitamin D intake was from fish and fish products followed by milk and milk products, eggs, others, beverages, cereal and cereal products and meat and meat products.  The findings showed there was a moderate attitude level towards vitamin D among pregnant mothers in Malaysia with the average score of 74%. Of all the participants, 23.5% revealed a good attitude level towards vitamin D. The results clearly demonstrate there was no association between dietary intake of vitamin D with attitude level (p = 0.241). \u0000  \u0000This present study found that majority of Malaysian pregnant women has not achieved their vitamin D requirement during pregnancy. According to the study, there was no association between intake of vitamin D and pregnant mothers’ attitudes, but future research should concentrate on methods to avoid VDD in expectant mothers.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121150680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Dietary Intake and Cognitive Performance Before and During Ramadan Fasting among Healthy Adult Population in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu","authors":"Tuan Norlis Dalisa Tuan Omar, Che Suhaili Che Taha","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.555","url":null,"abstract":"Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which healthy adolescents and adult Muslims fast from dawn to dusk for a month. During Ramadan fasting, dietary intake and cognitive performance changes can be seen related to many factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the comparison between dietary intake and cognitive performance among healthy adult populations in Kuala Nerus before and during Ramadan fasting and the possible correlation between these parameters. \u0000  \u0000This study was conducted among a healthy adult population in Kuala Terengganu and mainly at University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). Socio-demographics data, dietary data, and cognitive assessment were measured. Energy and macronutrient intakes were measured by using a three-day food record while cognitive performance was measured by using Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and Trail-Making Test (TMT) through a face-to- face activity-based survey. All the measurements were taken in the two-time interval which is before Ramadan fasting (one to two weeks prior to Ramadan month) and during Ramadan fasting (week two to four of Ramadan Month) \u0000  \u0000A total of 113 participants with a mean age of 23.1 ± 4.9 years old were recruited in this cross-sectional study consisting of 23 males (20.4%) and 90 females (79.6%). The majority of the participants were Malay (97.3%), and still single (92.9%). Most of the participants also still pursuing their degrees (92%) and has no income (92%). Almost all of the participants were non-smokers (99.1%). \u0000  \u0000The dietary data shows that the energy intake was significantly reduced during Ramadan by 293.8 kcal compared to before Ramadan (p<0.001). Regarding macronutrients, a significant reduction in carbohydrates, protein, and fat was reported, p=0.003, p=0.011, and p<0.001 respectively. Next, the results of cognitive performances varied according to Stroop congruent and incongruent test; and Trail Making Test A and B. Stroop Congruent Test (word test) showed that the reaction time was significantly higher before Ramadan compared to during Ramadan (p<0.001), meanwhile the reaction time for Trail-making Test A and B showed that there were significantly lower before Ramadan compared to during Ramadan (p<0.001). But there were no significant differences in others' tests. In addition, the result for correlation showed that the reaction time for Trail Making B was significantly negatively correlated with energy intake (p=0.002) and protein intake (p=0.007) while positively correlated with fat intake (p=0.004). \u0000In conclusion, according to the results, most participants reported a decrease in their dietary intake during Ramadan, similar to what was observed in cognitive performance, with most participants reporting a slower reaction time during Ramadan. Hence, the consumption of sufficient energy is critical for good cognitive performance because diet can influence cognitive abilities.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116316859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Term Effect of an Empowerment Education Intervention on Substance Use among Adolescents Living in Peri-urban Communities, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"H. Shuaibu, Haliza Abdul Rahman, Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.586","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological and emotional changes during adolescence increases their vulnerability to the adoption of risky behaviour such as substance use. Hence, adolescence has been reported to be a critical risk period for initiating the use of substances [1]. In Nigeria, research has shown a high prevalence of substance use among adolescents [2 & 3]. \u0000Empowerment education intervention is a type of empowerment intervention with the potential to prevent and reduce adolescent substance use. This intervention involves a three-step methodology – listen, dialogue, and action to empower participants. This type of intervention has been reported to improve self-esteem, critical thinking, problem solving, community connectedness, and social support of the participants [4]. However, studies using the empowerment education intervention to prevent adolescent substance use are few in developing countries [5]. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine the short-term effect of an empowerment education intervention aimed at preventing adolescent substance use among adolescents living in peri-urban communities in Nigeria. \u0000This study involved a quasi-experimental design, conducted in Abuja with communities as the unit of randomization. Using G-power, the total sample size obtained was 300. Two peri-urban communities each were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, and adolescents from these communities who expressed interest in the project were enrolled for the study. All adolescents who were enrolled were aged between 11 to 19 years old, in secondary schools, and had basic reading and writing skills. Participants who were involved in similar programme were not included in the current study. The intervention group received weekly sessions for 12 weeks according to the Teen Heroes curriculum; an empowerment education curriculum developed according to Friere’s principles, which required some form of community action from the participants. The curriculum contains sessions on teamwork, alcohol and tobacco use, drug use, and planning a substance use project in the community. The sessions are mainly interactive, using problem posing method of education, interspersed with group activities and presentation.  For the control group, monthly sessions on bullying and personal hygiene were conducted. Short-term post-intervention data was collected two weeks after the intervention. Data was collected on quantity of substance use as well as other risk and protective factors (delinquency, self-esteem, self-efficacy, attitude to substance use, peer support, behavioural conduct, social competence, depression and delinquency) identified in the problem behaviour theory. An independent t-test was conducted to determine if there was a significant difference in the mean quantity of substance use, as well as other risk and protective factors among the intervention and control groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Data was collected from two h","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133846252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work-Related Stress and Turnover Intention during Covid-19 among Nurses in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia","authors":"Kui Siang Ling, Azlina Yusuf","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.554","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of COVID-19 had significantly impacted the healthcare system, placing it under tremendous strain. Nurses were shown to have suffered the impact of the pandemic, suggested traumatization and estimated a mass turnover intention among nurses globally due to the pandemic [1].  The objective of this cross-sectional study is to assess the prevalence of work-related stress and turnover intention among nurses in the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM). This hospital is a teaching hospital with 830 beds that offers various specialties recognized as Hybrid COVID Hospital in managing patients. \u0000  \u0000This study utilized multi-stage sampling. The population was stratified into three strata which were, Medical-Surgical wards, Specialty wards (Pediatric, Obstetrics and Gynecology), and Critical Care wards. Next, the wards were selected through a simple random method. The nurses from the selected wards who follow inclusion criteria; nurses with grade U29 or U32 (KUP) with at least one year of working experience [2] were invited to join the study. A total of 365 nurses participated in this study by answering a self-administered questionnaire through Google Forms sent to them. The questionnaire included three parts; Part A sociodemographic data, Part B Nurse Stress Index (NSI) with scoring ranging from 30-150 and Part C Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-6) with a scoring of 9-18[3]. The NSI is categorized into four categories: 30-60= no pressure, 61-90= very little pressure, 91-120= moderate pressure and 121-150=extreme pressure[3]. As for TIS-6, a score <18 indicates a desire to stay whereas ≥18 indicates a desire to leave [3]. \u0000  \u0000The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Sociodemographic characteristics, the prevalence of work-related stress and turnover intention were analyzed descriptively. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between work-related stress and turnover intention. Nearly half of the nurses experienced little (40.8%) to moderate (42.5%) level of work-related stress however 73.3% of the nurses reported that they did not have the intention to leave (Table 1 and Table 2). The mean score of work-related stress and turnover intention showed that the nurses were in a moderate level of stress (90.78), with low turnover intention (16.42). Next, the findings showed a significant and positive correlation between work-related stress and turnover intention (r= 0.559, p< 0.001) (Table 3). \u0000This study found that work-related stress was significant among nurses although the data were collected towards the end of the pandemic approaching endemic phase. This could be explained by the uncertainty of the disease which was among the factors that could contribute to stress among frontliners [4]. Although the stress level is significant, the nurses in this study have low intention to leave. This could be possibly due to the job security working in government sector as this study was done in a semi-government","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133858824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Home-Cooking Frequency and Nutrient Intake Adequacy among Working Women in Malaysia","authors":"Ain Syaqirah Mohd Hisham, S. Harith","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.563","url":null,"abstract":"Women, especially those already married, usually will manage most household chores, including cooking. However, more significant percentage of married women have worked for a living in addition to doing household chores now [1]. Due to the long hours of working, it is hard for the women to frequently prepare meals at home, resulting in a lower quality of nutrient intake. The convenience meals, fast food, and other foods cooked outside the house are linked with a significantly greater calorie, sodium, and fat intake and a poorer intake of micronutrients [2]. \u0000This cross-sectional study aims to determine the association between home cooking frequency and nutrient intake adequacy among working women in Malaysia. A total of 131 working women in Malaysia aged 18 to 60 were recruited using a convenience sampling method after excluding 9 participants due to the underreported dietary intake. The participants must answer the questionnaire regarding the frequency of cooking at home in a week. The nutrient intake is determined based on the 24-hours dietary recall and analyzed using Nutritionist Pro™ version 5.4.0 software. The participants were able to track their daily nutrient intake and home cooking frequency within a week. \u0000The participants (median age: 27.0 ± 17 years) were aged between 18 to 60 years old, predominantly married (51.1%), Malay (96.9%), and full-time workers (92.4%), with monthly income for most of the participants (78.6%) are ≤ RM 4 850. Also, 52% of the participants work in the government sector and most current work at Terengganu (48.1%). Also, the majority of the participants do not have any children below 18 years old (70.2%). Most of them live together with their husband and children (41.2%), followed by parents (29%). \u0000Most participants reported that they only tended to cook at home between zero to twice a week. Nevertheless, this study indicates that the median energy consumption is somewhat lower, at 1362 kcal, compared to the median energy intake of women from the 2014 Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS), which is 1445 kcal [3]. More than half of the individuals (54.2 %) had a poor diet, with scores of less than 51. \u0000  \u0000To conclude, from this study, it is reported that most working women do not get a proper nutrient intake due to the long working hours and other responsibilities. This study revealed that adequate nutritional intake differed considerably between working women who regularly cooked throughout the week and those who did not. Understanding healthy food and ingredient selection along with healthy preparation may improve dietary habits while cooking food at home. Hence, simply devoting time to cooking food at home may not result in a healthy diet since other variables such as socioeconomic position, attitudes, and family preparation abilities may impact diet quality.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125948629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}