Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Antibiofilm Activity of Probiotic Strains against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans","authors":"Norzawani Jaffar, Nur Alifah Ilyana Zamry","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.690","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a significant agent for periodontal disease. It develops biofilms on gingival plaque and promotes chronic pro-inflammatory response to periodontal tissues. As bacterial cells within the biofilm, this pathogen successfully eluded the human immune system by preventing the uptake of biofilm cells by phagocytic cells. Antibiotic-resistant biofilms might harm the environment, increase mortality, and add to the cost of healthcare. Anti-biofilms are necessary to prevent the growth of biofilms. It has been demonstrated that probiotics change how immune system cells produce cytokines. Therefore, the efficacy of five probiotic lactobacillus strains to prevent A. actinomycetemcomitans from growing bacteria and forming biofilms was evaluated. The organisms were incubated in anaerobic conditions at 37°C for a certain period. The antimicrobial test was done using the lawn method and measuring the size of the inhibition zone produced by the probiotic spots for each probiotic strain. Tetracycline antibiotic disc was used as a positive control to compare the size of the inhibition zone. The antibiofilm activity was performed using probiotic strains at their exponential and stationary phases against the exponential phase of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Our finding showed the probiotic lactobacillus could inhibit the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The highest inhibition was demonstrated by L. johnsonii NBRC 13952. Besides, all probiotic lactobacillus used for this study significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm using both stationary and exponential phases. In conclusion, probiotic lactobacillus might be a potential agent that can be used to counteract the periodontal pathogen biofilm. Further study should be done to elucidate the antibiofilm mechanism, and several trials of the probiotic lactobacilli against multiple species of biofilms might be helpful in evaluating their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stunting and Associated Factors among Children Under Five Years in Yemen during the Conflict Period","authors":"Dr. Sharifah Wajhah Wafa Syed Saadun Tarek Wafa, Emad A. Al-Shameri, Ahmed H. Al-Shahethi","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.685","url":null,"abstract":"It remains a significant public health problem in many low and middle-income countries, particularly in Yemen, related to nutritional deficiencies during the most critical periods of growth and development in early childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of stunting and the associated factors among Yemeni children under 5 years of age. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design among 434 mothers and their children aged 6-59 months. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using the structured questionnaire that consists of 28 items. Anthropometric indicator, height-for-age was determined using the current World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. An analysis of the data was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was determined by the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) from the multivariable analysis. The prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five was 46.1%. According to the multivariable analysis, stunting is statistically associated with children aged 13-24 months (AOR 2.04), 25-36 months (AOR 2.27), 37-48 months (AOR 2.38), secondary education of the father (AOR 0.31), household size of five members (AOR 0.66), and flushed or poured toilets (AOR 1.91). In Yemen, family-specific factors are the primary contributors to stunted development in children. There is a need to emphasize interventions related to food, nutrition, and overall hygiene to reduce malnutrition in the studied region and the country as a whole.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Anthropometry and Cognitive Function Before and During Ramadhan Fasting among Overweight and Obese Adults in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia","authors":"Che Suhaili Che Taha, Mahirah Mohd Arin, Noor Sharmimi Atirah Padzi","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.683","url":null,"abstract":"Ramadhan fasting is one of the five pillars in Islam. During these 29-30 days of holistic and spiritual days, Muslims abstain from drinking and eating from dawn to sunset. This alteration of dietary behavior could affect not only on anthropometry but also cognitive function. This prospective observational study aimed to determine the effect of Ramadhan fasting on anthropometry and cognitive function and its correlation overweight and obese adult populations. This study recruited adults aged between 19 to 65 years old with a BMI of ≥23.0 kg/m2 live in Kuala Nerus. Sociodemographic, anthropometry, and cognitive function data were assessed twice; Before Ramadhan (two weeks prior to Ramadhan) and During Ramadhan (week 3 and 4 during Ramadhan). Anthropometry data including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and total body water were measured using a weighing scale, stadiometer, measuring tape, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) while the cognitive function was assessed using the Malay Version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MAVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, and Stroop Task. A total of 146 participants were recruited with old 54.8% were male while 45.2% were female. The mean age of participants was 42.6±19.4 years. Analysis on the anthropometry data showed that weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage were significantly reduced during Ramadhan with p<0.001. Meanwhile, the cognitive function data showed that the completion time for Stroop Congruent and Incongruent Test, and TMT B were significantly reduced during Ramadhan with p<0.001 signifying a better executive performance. The MAVLT learning and recognition scores were significantly increased during Ramadhan (p<0.001) indicating an improvement in memory. The correlational analysis showed the negative correlation between the changes in waist circumference and MAVLT learning during Ramadhan (p=0.031) indicating that reduced waist circumference results in increased MAVLT learning score during Ramadhan. This study’s limitation includes the number of participants that did not reach the required sample size. In conclusion, the current study showed the significant potential of Ramadhan fasting to improve anthropometry outcomes and cognitive function among overweight and obese adults.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Kyllinga nemoralis Aqueous and Methanolic Root Extracts","authors":"Noor Zarina Abd Wahab","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.667","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focused to explore the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial potential of Kyllinga nemoralis aqueous and methanolic root extracts. The antibacterial activities of K. nemoralis aqueous and methanolic root extracts were tested against five Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria strains. Disk diffusion method was performed to evaluate antibacterial activities of the both extracts. K. nemoralis aqueous and methanolic root extracts showed a potent antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria strains. The methanolic root extract of K. nemoralis showed efficiency against S. aureus, MRSA, S. pyogenes, S. sonnei, E. coli and K. pneumoniae while the aqueous extract of K. nemoralis was found to possess antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. This activity seems to be related to the phytochemicals (saponins) detected into the aqueous extract and phytochemicals (terpenoid and steroid) in methanolic extract. The results confirm that root extracts of K. nemoralis can be used as a drug to fight infections caused by the broad-spectrum bacteria strains. Keywords Kyllinga nemoralis, Phytochemical Analysis, Disk diffusion, Antibacterial Activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"484 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Sociodemographic Characteristics With Meal Source Preferences And Body Weight Status Among Young Adults in Terengganu","authors":"Napisah Hussin, H. Halib, Mus Azza Suhana Khairudin","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.660","url":null,"abstract":"Young adults are attracting widespread interest in health interventions due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide. Changes in urbanization and the environment are recognized as factors that alter early adolescent meal preferences towards negative eating habits such as a reduced intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains ansuch as a reduced intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes, meats and fish, and a higher intake of fast food, sweets food or beverages, legumes, meats and fish, and a higher intake of fast food, sweets food or beverages. . This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the association of socio-demographic factors with meal source preferences and body weight status among young adults in Terengganu. A total of 399 young adults aged 18 to 35 years old were recruited as subjects. Participants were asked to complete an online self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and Meal Sources Preferences and Frequency Questionnaire. In general, young adults prefer to eat out-of-home meals on occasion basis. The study discovered that females and those who live in semi-urban and urban areas prefer home-cooked meals (HCMs). Education levels, marital status, employment status, and family income had no discernible relationships with the consumption of HCMs. Additionally, none of the sociodemographic factors substantially link to outside meals (OMs). However, the study managed to find association between OMs and body weight status. Most of the young adults prefer to have outside meals three to four times per week, regardless of their body weight status. Individuals who were overweight tends to choose outside meals more than home cooked meals. Given the limits of the study, more vigorous data collection would be required to unveil exactly how sociodemographic variables influence meal source preferences and body weight status.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"479 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) versus Knee Arthroscopy in Diagnosing Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears: A Systematic Review","authors":"Azlinawati Ali","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.669","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract INTRODUCTION: The most frequently injured ligament in the knee is the ACL, and this condition cannot be cured. The knee frequently suffers joint injuries since it is involved in the movement. The latest \"gold standard\" for the diagnosis of ACL tears is arthroscopy, which has a 100% accuracy rate. However, arthroscopy is an intrusive procedure that carries some complications for the patients. As a result, a lot of patients are hesitant to use this procedure while getting a diagnosis. Hence, this study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy between MRI and knee arthroscopy, to study the advantages of MRI compared to knee arthroscopy and to assess the role of different MRI sequences in diagnosing ACL tears. MATERIALS & METHODS: A Systematic Literature Reviews was conducted by searching reliable database. This study conducted by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. QUADAS-2 and its signalling questions was utilized to evaluate risk of bias. RESULTS: 17 articles are selected for this review that being access through the PubMed. The diagnostic accuracy of the MRI is significantly high in detecting ACL tears with the sensitivity within the range of 81% to 98.60%, the specificity collected within 79% to 100%, the PPV range between 80.55% to 100%, NPV within the range of 74.50% to 100% and AUC value of more than 0.9. The risk of bias and applicability concerns of each study were evaluated. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of ACL injury using MRI has high diagnostic accuracy but knee arthroscopy remains as the gold standard in evaluating ACL tears. MRI has established as the non-invasive, radiation free, have great cost effectiveness, quick and no risk of complications. Nevertheless, no explicit outcome of what the best sequences for ACL tears detection but T2-weighted images are commonly used to visualise ACL. Additional sequences can be used such as volume sequences of DESS and FLASH.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"2020 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Radiography Education from the Perspectives of Students: A Survey on Medical Imaging Students UniSZA","authors":"Fairuz Mohd Nasir, Azlinawati Ali, Nurfatihah Abd Salam","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.679","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many changes in the norms of daily life and affected various fields as well as industries. One of the areas affected by this epidemic is education. Due to the limitation of physical meetings, while avoiding the spread of the virus, learning and teaching activities have changed from physical learning to online learning. Radiography education is also affected where students have to learn theoretical and practical courses virtually. Radiography education involves learning to position patients and operate medical imaging equipment, so it's challenging to learn online. Therefore, this study was conducted to see the impact of the pandemic on radiography education from the students' perspective. The survey was performed among UniSZA medical imaging students who have undergone theoretical learning and clinical training within the period from March 2020 to March 2022. The survey was done by distributing an online questionnaire through Google Forms. The questionnaire consists of four parts; demographic, perspective on theoretical learning during the pandemic, perspective on clinical training during the pandemic and challenges experienced in online/virtual learning. A total of 55 students participated in this study and the responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result shows the majority of the students (54.55%) agree that learning basic radiography subjects through online learning during a pandemic is hard to focus on. From the perspective of clinical training during the pandemic period, the majority of students (56.63%) worried about being infected with the Covid-19 virus as this could interrupt the clinical training sessions. The majority of the students (41.82%) experienced difficulty with internet connectivity and inadequate time for online discussion during the online learning within the pandemic period. In conclusion, the Covid-19 pandemic has highly impacted learning activities for medical imaging students at UniSZA.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"272 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Conventional Ultrasound (US) Compared to Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for Diagnosing Liver Tumours: A Systematic Review and Meta -analysis","authors":"Azlinawati Ali","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.670","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate diagnosis of liver tumours is essential for effective treatment. This study is aimed at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for detecting and characterizing liver tumours. There is still an unsolved problem regarding differentiation of benign and malignant liver tumours. Thus, an evaluation of the overall sensitivity and specificity of conventional US and CEUS for diagnosing benign and malignant liver tumours is presented in this systematic literature review and meta-analysis.  This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A search of relevant databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to March 31, 2023 using specific keywords. Among the studies included, diagnostic performance was assessed and data was extracted. Average weighted was carried out to calculate the pooled estimates of overall sensitivity and specificity as well as 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by using Wilson score interval of the sensitivity and specificity of the studies. The selected studies were evaluated for reliability using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Performance Studies (QUADAS-2). A total of 11 studies involving 1605 patients were included in the study, with publication years ranging from 2022 to 2004. A comparison of conventional US and CEUS showed that CEUS demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing liver tumours. Based on the pooled estimation of diagnostic accuracy (95% CI), liver tumour diagnosis for differentiation of benign and malignant tumours (CEUS: sensitivity: 0.89 [0.87-0.90], specificity: 0.80 [0.78-0.82] and conventional US: sensitivity: 0.51 [0.49-0.53], specificity: 0.44 [0.42-0.53]). It is clear from this study that CEUS has a significant role to play in clinical practice. These results indicate its value in detecting and diagnosing liver tumours, resulting in better outcomes for patients","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"2019 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status Among Children Aged 6 to 24 Months in Terengganu","authors":"B. S. Wee, Farah Wahida Othman","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.658","url":null,"abstract":"Infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) have an important role in defining children's nutritional status and optimizing a child's development rate in the first two years of life. This study aimed to determine the association between infant and young child feeding practices and the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 24 months in Kuala Nerus and Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. A total of 293 mothers and children aged between 6 to 24 months were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics comprised weight and height/length.  The nutritional status of the children, namely weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), height/length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) were generated based on WHO Child Growth Standard.  IYCF practices among participants were determined using a validated questionnaire adapted from FAO. A total of 52.2% boys and 47.8% girls participated in this study. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children were 26.3%, 6.8%, and 14.7% respectively. The majority (70.6%) of the participants have good practice on IYCF. However, there is no significant association between IYCF practices and the nutritional status of the children (p>0.05). In conclusion, the majority of the participants have good practice with IYCF and only 1.7% have poor practice. Therefore, by promoting the IYCF practices, it can be a great tool to assess the health status of the children.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"2003 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Infection Control among Medical Imaging Students in Unisza","authors":"Nurul Syazwina Mohamed, Nur Syifa Aqilah Zakaria","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2023.1.s.656","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare-associated infections risk in health care settings has caused a great concern to medical imaging students during clinical attachment due to high interaction rate with patients. Students may spread infections through inadequate knowledge and poor practice, which may then degrade the standard of care. Preventive measures and infection control policies have been developed to prevent the spread of infections, lower morbidity and medical care costs. However, recent evidence revealed poor level of health science students’ knowledge regarding infection control. This cross-sectional survey-based study is aimed to determine level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control. This study is also aimed to determine the association between knowledge, attitude, and practice level of infection control and standard precautions among uniSZA medical imaging students. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. An online questionnaire was distributed using social media platforms, Whatsapp from 21th March to 22th April 2023. The questionnaire consists of 12 items on knowledge, 7 items on attitude and 10 items on practice about infection control. A total of 136 medical imaging students participated in this study, 98 Bachelor’s degree students and 38 Diploma students. Overall knowledge, attitude and practice level among students were good. The percentage of respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice were 100% (n=136), 100% (n=136) and 98.5% (n=134) respectively. Fisher’s exact test shows there was no association between attitude level and practice level of infection control among respondents (p =1.00).  Continuous infection control training and education program are still required to enhance awareness of standard precautions and thus reduce infection exposure. Future recommendations are to include all health science students and medical students to participate in the survey. Further studies to assess the extent of public knowledge regarding infection control may also be conducted.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"2002 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}