National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"The influence of color on taste perception","authors":"Nalina Nanjundappa, Umadevi B, Ramya Jayasimha, T. K","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02083202316022023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02083202316022023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Taste perception is a highly subjective process that involves the other special senses as well. The visual and olfactory signals play an important role in perception of taste. We use visual cues from color to identify and judge the quality and taste of what we eat. Color has a major impact on taste perception which seems to influence our taste buds more than olfactory sense. Aim and Objective: The objective of present study was to assess the influence of color of sucrose solution on its taste perception. Materials and Methods: About 53 female subjects in the age group of 17–20 years were asked to taste a fixed quantity of the sucrose solution of six different colors of same sucrose concentration. The subjects were asked to rate them according to sweetness scale of 1–10. The mean and standard deviation of the scores was obtained. Results: The purple colored solution was rated as highest sweetness (6.09 ± 2.09) followed by blue (5.9 ± 1.9), green (5.62 ± 1.97), red (5.11 ± 1.63), and yellow (4.20 ± 1.75). Conclusion: The clear sucrose solution was rated the same as the purple solution. The colors like purple and blue were perceived sweeter compared to red and yellow indicating that color of the solution does influence the perception of its taste.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89758200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An epidemiological study on body perception imaging and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic in a rural area of West Bengal","authors":"Nirmalya Manna, Abhishek Reja, Adwitiya Das, Sudipta Das, Debasis Das","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09423202223092022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09423202223092022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is the intermediary linking phase from childhood to adulthood. Physical, sexual, psychological and social developmental changes during this period. Adolescence is a period of increased awareness of bodily cues and self-reflection, including evaluation of one’s own body and appearance. Body misconception and body dissatisfaction, two very important potential causative factors of bad nutritional status of adolescents, have not been adequately investigated in rural India. Aims and Objectives: The present study on adolescents was conducted to assess the lifestyle factors and degree of dissatisfaction and misconception of their body. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, and community-based cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing adolescents residing in the field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, during the months of March–April, 2022. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: A total of 239 respondents were interviewed (74.1% male and 25.9% female). About 47.3% were early adolescents, 46.4% were middle adolescents, and rest 6.3% were late adolescents. About 56.5% was indulged in some kind of exercise. According to the total adolescent body image satisfaction scale score, 66.5% seemed to be satisfied with their body image. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with participants’ age, gender, socio-economic status, and type of family. Conclusion: It is evident from the study that girl children, adolescents of the lower socio-economic status group, and middle, and late adolescents are more prone to be dissatisfied with their body image. Hence, they need to be given extra focus for restoration of their mental health.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90079603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on dual burden of malnutrition among school going adolescents of Ahmedabad city","authors":"Martina Balat, Jaydip Vidja, Mitesh Patel, Priyank Algotar","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08383202322982023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08383202322982023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The dual burden of adolescent malnutrition refers to the double burden of under- and over-nutrition coinciding within a population, leading to adverse health conditions. Aim and Objectives: To determine the magnitude and lifestyle determinants of malnutrition among school-going adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 264 adolescents (10–19 years) were randomly selected from four higher secondary schools in Ahmedabad city from September 2017 to October 2017. The interview was done using the pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire in the local language (Gujarati). Weight (kg) and height (cm) were taken. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as per the formula BMI = weight (kg)/height (m2). Results: In the present study, 34 (12.9%) were overweight, and 67 (25.4%) were underweight. The prevalence of overweight was higher among females (16.5%). Life style factors like sleeping time (hours/day), watching TV, using PC and mobile (hours/day), physical activity (min/day), skipping breakfast, fast food consumption, and the number of meals eaten in a day have a significant role in the nutrition of adolescents. Conclusion: Regular screening of the adolescents should be done, and malnourished adolescents should be treated via a nutrition rehabilitation program at home and school as early as possible.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of communication skill teaching module in pharmacology added with faculty sensitization in undergraduate MBBS students","authors":"Sonai Mandal, Swanand Pathak, Tamoghna Maiti, Olivia Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09442202323102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09442202323102023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Good communication skills have been recognized as an indispensable component of physician-training effecting patient compliance and health outcomes in a positive way. The National Medical Council has recently introduced modules for Attitude, Ethics, and Communication skills training in a phased manner. An idea for a faculty sensitization program for pharmacology faculties on developing communication skills as part of their faculty development will enhance module implementation and provide opportunities for learners’ growth through constructive feedback. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was development of communication skill teaching module in pharmacology for phase 2 students with following objectives: (i) To develop a communication skill teaching module and (ii) To determine the effectiveness of the module on learning of phase 2 students in BSMC. Materials and Methods: After ethical clearance, the development of instructional activities for communication skill development followed through ADDIE model, one of the best-known models for developing instructional designs. ADDIE is an acronym for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. Pre-test questionnaire were introduced followed by Kalamazoo consensus statement addressing 7 key elements of physician communication as an assessment of their basic understanding to communication skill. In a successive focus group discussion with the faculties, suggestions were invited for refining of communication skill module. Feedback and post-test questionnaires were received from students and faculties at the end of 8 h session to improvise in the module. Results: A paired sample t-test was conducted to determine the effect of communication skill training on the Kalamazoo consensus statement score of 30 students. The result indicated a significant difference between the score before training (M = 21.43; standard deviation [SD] = 5.764) and the score after training (M = 75.43; SD = 6.078). The 95% confidence interval of the difference between the means ranged from 51.17 to 56.83 and indicated a statistically significant difference between the mean with a P < 0.0001. Paired t-test was also conducted between the pre-test scores and the post-test scores of the 200 students. The result indicated a statistically significant difference having a P < 0.0001 with 95% confidence interval ranging from 2.063 to 2.457. Conclusion: Like any other skill effective communication skills can be acquired with conscious efforts in day-to-day practice. Faculty development program formed an integral part of all the teaching-learning activities of communication skill development training.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135561632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial profile of blood stream infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital","authors":"Pragnesh Patel, Vidya Date, Sucheta Lakhani, Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10486202303112023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10486202303112023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood stream infections (BSI) are one of the major life-threatening infections responsible for prolonged hospital stays and significant mortality. It can be a community-acquired or hospital-acquired infection. A proper antibiotic policy can help in the selection of a proper antibiotic to reduce mortality and increase the patients’ outcomes. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are to identify the organism causing BSI and determine its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, SBKS MI & RC, Piparia, over a period of 18 months and included 397 clinically suspected cases of BSIs after approval from HREC. Positive blood cultures indicated by the BACTEC 9050 were processed for further identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing by conventional methods according to standard laboratory techniques. Results: Out of 397 samples, 104 (26.19%) were positive, and 13 microorganisms were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the most frequently isolated organisms. Imipenem and vancomycin were highly effective antibiotics. The study showed 37.84% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers among Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. S. aureus showed 47.82% methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: This study was intended to serve as a reference to guide clinicians in applying appropriate empirical therapy and the best regimen based on the local condition to improve the overall outcome of the patients’ management.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on self-esteem and life satisfaction among adolescents aged 14–19 years attending adolescent-friendly health clinic, Medical College, Kolkata","authors":"Nirmalya Manna, Tanjib Mullick, Sayantan Mazumdar, Sudipta Das","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09450202324092023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09450202324092023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Quick physical, social, and cognitive changes occur during adolescence. An individual’s overall good opinion of themselves is referred to as self-esteem and is associated with undesirable outcomes such as depression, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior. “Life satisfaction” is the cognitive assessment of a person’s overall quality of life. Adolescent life satisfaction is correlated with a wide range of psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors. With the prevalence of mental health problems rising globally, it is crucial to assess risk variables. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study sociodemographic characteristics, level of self-esteem, and life satisfaction among the participants and to find out relationships between variables. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was done over a period of 2 months in an adolescent-friendly health clinic of Medical College, Kolkata, among middle and late adolescents. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling and a pre-designed pre-validated data collection form was used to interview them. Statistical Program for the Social Sciences software, version 20.0, was used to analyze the data. Results: Responses were taken from 129 participants among which 80 belonged to middle adolescence and 49 to late adolescence. About 37.20% of the population were males and the rest were females. Twenty-two of the study participants admitted to substance use in different forms of tobacco. Forty-one (31.80%) participants have low self-esteem, and 50 (38.76%) participants have different levels of dissatisfaction in life. Conclusion: A sizable portion of the participants struggled with low self-esteem and various levels of life dissatisfaction. Participants with mixed families reported being happier with their lives than those with nuclear families.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on efficacy of probiotic use in pediatric acute diarrhea: A prospective open-labeled study","authors":"Mubishera Syed, Surendra Gondi, Veeraiah D, Ushakiran P","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10476202304102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10476202304102023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: More than three stools per day during a period of fewer than 14 days, along with loose stools, is considered acute diarrhea. Viral infections are the most frequent cause of pediatric diarrhea, and the most common form of treatment is the replacement of lost fluid and electrolyte balance. Probiotic supplementation in conventional therapy is likely to result in improved outcomes. Aim and Objective: To study the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii (a probiotic) as add-on treatment for pediatric acute diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This was an open-label prospective study. We have included a total of 40 children (n = 40) who met the inclusion criteria for admission and were randomly divided into two groups. One group (group 1: n = 20) received standard treatment, while group 2: n = 20 received probiotics in addition to standard treatment. Before administering the probiotic powder to the children, the parents were advised to add it to some water or milk. The duration of the diarrhea and the consistency of the stools were used as outcome indicators. Results: The duration of diarrhea in the probiotic-treated group was 3.8 days and 5.1 days in the standard therapy group. The first semi-liquid stools typically appear after 3.3–1.6 days in the standard therapy group and 2.0–0.56 days in the probiotic treatment group. The outcomes were statistically significant. Conclusion: S. boulardii, a probiotic, is beneficial in shortening the length of diarrhea and the time it takes for the first semi-liquid stools to develop by 1 day.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ABO, Rh blood group, and COVID-19 illness","authors":"Navpreet Mann, Nimarpreet Kaur, Deepti Dwivedi, Asha Gandhi, Rahul Godara","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09435202322092023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09435202322092023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The world is struggling still with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic 3½ years since the first case was reported in December 2019 in a small province in China. Researchers and the global health community have been working tirelessly to ascertain all possible ways to treat and before that identify and protect any susceptible populace. Among many plausible factors, blood groups have also been hypothesized as one of the associated key risk factors. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to check for possible association if any between blood groups and COVID-19 illness. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study involving general population after approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 434 individuals participated in this study. It was a Google form-based survey shared with general Indian population consisting of questions based on demography, status of COVID-19 positivity, illness if any, requirement of hospitalization. SPSS version 28 was used to analyze the data. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the association between various parameters. Results: Our study shows that blood groups A and B are more disposed to COVID-19 infection, whereas blood groups O and AB are at a significantly lower risk of COVID-19 infection. The study did not show significant impact of the Rh types. Both group system, age, sex show non-significant impact on the susceptibility, progression of disease and are not associated with susceptibility to severity. Conclusion: There is a significant association between blood groups A and B and the development of COVID-19 illness. No significant association was found with Rh type and all other parameters.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136003362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causality assessment of adverse drug reaction reported in patients treated with arthritis in a tertiary care hospital: A prospective study","authors":"Neha K, Nasrin Nisha, Chethan G, Rajendra S","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10483202315102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10483202315102023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition, initially affecting smaller joints but slowly progressing to involve larger joints. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease affecting mainly large joints. Pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility are the cardinal features of OA. Treatment goals of RA are pain relief, slowing the progression of joint inflammation and prevention of joint disability or deformity, whereas those of OA are immediate relief of symptoms and improving joint function. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS) are used to treat above conditions. Long treatment is associated with development of ADR. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ADR patients treating for arthritis. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was as follows: (i) To assess the prevalence of use of drugs and drug classes in RA and OA; (ii) to assess the prevalence of adverse events (ADE) of prescribed drugs; and (iii) causality assessment of ADE. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational study of ADE of drug prescribed among 100 arthritis patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital, India. Patients diagnosed with RA or OA with or without comorbidities were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Causality assessment severity was assessed from Hartwig and colleagues’ criteria and preventable ADE was defined by Schumock and Thornton’s criteria. Results: Out of 100 arthritis cases, the prevalence of OA was more than RA. OA was more commonly seen in males and RA in females. Arthritis was more prevalent in the age group of 36–65 years. NSAIDs were the first-choice drug in arthritis. Among NSAIDS, diclofenac was the commonly used drug for monotherapy in OA and methotrexate was commonly used in RA. Sixty-eight ADEs were detected in 51 patients. The prevalence of ADE was 35.7%. Thirty out of 68 ADEs (44.1%) were preventable. NSAIDS and DMARDS resulted in ADEs by 23 (29.6%) and 24 (34.8%) events, respectively. Common affected organs were cutaneous manifestations, gastrointestinal tract, and eyes which accounted for 20 (29.4%), 18 (26.5%), and 8 events (11.6%), respectively. Continuation of the suspected drug was noted in 42 ADEs (61.8%), classified as severity level 1 and 2a-b, and 43 ADEs (63.2%) were completely or partially resolved during the study period. Conclusion: ADEs are common in RA and OA patients with the prevalence of 35.7%. ADEs should be monitored properly and reported to prevent irrational use of drugs.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG patterns in long-term Brahmakumari meditators and their possible significance","authors":"Nidhi Gupta, Jyoti Arora, Ritvija Dixit, Sumit Garg, J Agarwal","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08422202315102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08422202315102023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Yoga and meditation are associated with improvement in both physical and mental health. Brahmakumari meditation is concerned with awareness of the metaphysical self with reorientating thought patterns and feelings so one can live with positive thinking, greater harmony, and contentment. EEG gives meaningful insight about the state of mind of an individual. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to review the effects of meditation on the state of mind based on changing EEG brainwave patterns in long-term Brahmakumari meditators. Materials and Methods: Fifteen Brahmakumari meditators aged between 30 and 50 years who were involved in regular meditation for &gt;10 years and with no history of any neurological disorders were enrolled. Twenty-one channels EEG with EKG and EMG were recorded in all subjects during pre-meditative, meditative, and post-meditative state at an interval of 20 min. Qualitative EEG was analyzed for the appearance of wave patterns based on different voltages and frequencies. Results: High voltage alpha rhythm was observed in the majority of subjects during pre-meditation and theta waves in most subjects during meditation. During meditation, their minds progress further to a deep state of calmness and relaxation as indicated by the appearance of theta waves. Even delta waves were observed during meditation in some of the subjects indicating a phase similar to a deep sleep. Conclusion: Stress and mental unrest are major problem in the present era which is responsible for many non-communicable diseases. Regular meditation is a very important de-stressor and should be regularly practiced to lead a happy and peaceful life.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134979781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}