National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Mental distress among healthcare workers due to COVID-19 during second wave in a tertiary care center of South Karnataka: A cross-sectional study","authors":"S. M, M. Imran, Mohammed Muntazeem","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.105002022026102022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.105002022026102022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) in India are facing physical and psychological pressure. The pandemic has significant psychological impacts. Hence, we wanted to assess the mental stress and social stress among HCWs during the second wave of COVID-19. Aim and Objectives: Assessment of the mental distress among HCWs of tertiary care level institution during second wave of COVID-19 with the following objectives: (1) To know the sociodemographic characteristics of the HCWs of tertiary care center and (2) to assess the psychological stress among healthcare workers of a tertiary health center. Material and Methods: It is a cross-sectional and observational study conducted in hospital setting, in a tertiary care setting. Data were collected from 196 HCWs of the institute. Institutional ethical clearance was taken before the study. Structured questionnaire included sociodemographic variables, work-related variables, and variables to assess social stress. We used hospital anxiety and depression scoring questionnaire to assess anxiety and depression. Data were collected through personal interviews and online through Google forms after taking informed consent. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests are used analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 21 for Statistical analysis. Results: A total of 196 HCWs, 121 doctors, 74 nursing staff, and one ward staff participated in the study. Nursing staff were at higher risk for anxiety and depression, that is, 29% and 25% than others. Females were slightly more anxious (29%) and depressed (17%) than males. HCWs who are Muslim by religion were at more mental distress. Media exposure of more than 3 h had increased risk of mental distress. HCWs with other frontline COVID warrior as a partner were both anxious (40%) and depressed (20%). Anxiety (35%) was more among those who’s family members got COVID positive. About 25% of them faced social stigma, 55% of them faced issue of isolation with in the community, and 14% of them faced acts of violence which is unacceptable. Conclusions: Although its second wave HCWs are still having psychological distress which needs to be addressed. Social stress that they are facing is significant and is associated with higher anxiety and depression, which has to be taken seriously.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89202988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pharmacoeconomic burden on migraineurs attending a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu - A cross-sectional study","authors":"P. M, Sanu Sain, S. Vishwasrao","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05252202322062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05252202322062023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: About 25% of all neurological problems are associated with headache, making it one of the most recurring medical complaints. The most excruciating and incapacitating of all headaches, migraines have been studied for ages but are still little understood. This study was undertaken to study migraine in terms of their effect on socioeconomic burden. Our healthcare system is still behind in identifying the humanitarian burden and socioeconomic cost of this ailment, which primarily affects people while they are working and results in lost productivity/wages. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the direct and indirect costs incurred towards migraine therapy and to assess current trends to reduce the total cost. Materials and Methods: After obtaining IEC approval, 120 participants were enrolled following a critical appraisal of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected in specialized case study form and analyzed in proportion. Results: Statistical analysis showed, nearly 43% of the candidates were suffering from acute migraine. The total amount (direct and indirect) spent for medicines was rupees 1000–1600/patient/month, and an additional charge for special investigations of rupees 1000 apart from other laboratory tests. The majority about 91 patients, were admitted both for investigations and therapy for 3–6 days which further adds to the burden with greater health care costs when compared with non-migraineurs, and a larger number of female patients had a great potential loss of wages when compared with males. Conclusion: This research concludes that, since a majority of expenditures are met by the patient, better alternatives on patient and outcome perspectives to reduce the health-economic burden is the utmost need of this hour.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83340478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study to assess body image dissatisfaction among female undergraduate medical students in a government medical college in Bengaluru","authors":"R. S., A. V, R. George, Iswarya Partheeban, K. G","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05270202323052023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05270202323052023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In today’s world, a young woman’s self-definition and sense of unique identity are strongly influenced by their body image, which is influenced by a variety of cultural, social, cognitive, affective, and biological aspects. In recent years, there has been a rise in the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) among young girls and reports of excessive concern about body image which can also be related to the increased use of social media. Aims and Objectives: The objective is estimating the pattern, prevalence, and factors associated with BID among female undergraduate medical students of a Government Medical College in Bengaluru. Materials and Methods: Among 168 female undergraduate medical students, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess BID using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale. Results: Underweight, overweight, and obesity were substantially related with BID, which was prevalent at 83.9%. There was a statistically significant association between BID and body mass index (P < 0.005). Conclusion: There is a high degree of dissatisfaction regarding the body image among medical students. There is a great need to bring changes in their mindsets because they influence the future health of the society.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83384118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective structured practical examination versus conventional method: Students’ choice","authors":"","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.03164202305042023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.03164202305042023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since the introduction of competency-based medical education in the medical curriculum all over India, emphasis has been given not only toward cognitive but also skill development of the undergraduate learners of the MBBS course. The traditional teaching methods are modified encouraging more interactive sessions, self-directed learning, and early clinical exposures. The assessment methods have also experienced certain modifications. For evaluation of the practical knowledge of the students in pre- and paraclinical departments, objective structured practical examination (OSPE) is being employed in several medical institutions. However, the question of its superiority and acceptability in comparison with the conventional practical examination exists there. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to estimate the perception and acceptance among the students regarding these two assessment methods. Materials and Methods: The 1st year undergraduate students of the Malda Medical College, Malda, were chosen for the study. After their prior sensitization regarding the two assessment methods, the students were given a feedback questionnaire having 15 questions made from different angles to compare the two modes of assessment. The results are subsequently analyzed. Results: The students (98%) marked OSPE as a more objective way of assessment, which also helps improve practical skills and confidence. They (95%) also recommended the implementation of OSPE in their practical examination. Conclusion: The majority of the students opined positively in favor of OSPE and stated their acceptance and recommendation in this respect.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"44 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83542017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and correlation of antimicrobial resistance pattern in Enterobacteriaceae from UTI patients in GMERS Medical College, Gujarat","authors":"Bindu Jadeja, N. Khokhar, Parul C Patel, Gaurishanker P. Shrimali, Neha Makwana","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02095202319022023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02095202319022023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing public health threat worldwide. The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens causing both hospital- and community-acquired infections is a serious threat to public health world-wide. This inappropriate and non-judicious usage of antibiotics has resulted in the development of worldwide antibiotic resistance in bacteria, leading to the emergence of multi-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens. This study focuses on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae group of organisms in urine samples and also detects various methods of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance detection may be useful for epidemiological and research purposes, as well as for preventing the spread of drug-resistant organisms within hospitals through good infection control practices. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to detect occurrence of β-lactamases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and Carbapenemase by phenotypic methods in Enterobacteriaceae from urine samples along with pattern of antibiotic resistance for various antibiotics in them. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital. Testing of ESBL and carbapenemase production detection done according to CLSI (M100) guideline by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, combination disc diffusion test, and modified Carbapenem inactivation method. Results: A total of 220 Enterobacteriaceae organisms were isolated from processed urine samples of tertiary care Hospitals. Rate of cephalosporin resistance in ESBL and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is more than 90% while in non-ESBL more than 70% and in non-CRE 75–80%. Carbapenem resistance in ESBL and non-ESBL is the same. Resistance to fluoroquinolone group, Aminoglycoside group, and Cotrimoxazole and Tetracycline group of antibiotics were more noticed in ESBL and carbapenemase producing organisms. In our study, fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin are effective treatment in case of ESBL and CRE producing organism. Conclusion: The ESBL and Carbapenemase producing isolates were multi-drug resistant making therapeutic choices limited. Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin are effective treatment in multidrug resistance urinary tract infection.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80595983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-cytomorphological features and thyroid function tests of different thyroid lesions – A hospital-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Shreetesh Mishra, S. Kar, D. Behera","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01037202325012023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01037202325012023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid gland is an endocrine organ. The non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions affecting the gland can manifest as the swelling of the gland with thyroid dysfunction. Based on cytology, the diseases can be categorized into non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic, and malignant neoplastic conditions and according to hormone status, the lesions of thyroid can be categorized in hypothyroid, euthyroid, or hyperthyroid condition. Aims and Objectives: Our study was done to find out the various cytomorphological spectrum of thyroid diseases and to record their common clinical presentation along with hormonal status in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Odisha. Materials and Methods: A total of 220 cases of thyroid disorder were taken for analysis over a period of 2 years. Patients demographic data, brief clinical features, finding on FNAC (cytomorphology), and thyroid function status were analyzed with appropriate statistical method. Results: The predominant age group affected was 21–40 years and total female to male patient ratio was 5.5:1. Most common presentations were heat intolerance (22.27%), cold intolerance (28.63%), and tachycardia (27.72%) apart from thyroid enlargement. Most common non-neoplastic lesion were multinodular and colloid goiter constituting 38.18% of total cases and most common neoplastic lesion was papillary carcinoma constituting 14.55% of total cases. Thyroid function test showed predominantly euthyroid states for all conditions. Conclusion: As the rest part of India, this part of Odisha also showed that thyroid disorders are more common in females and the most affected age group is 21–40 years. Multinodular and colloid goiter are the most common thyroid lesions. Most of the cases present with euthyroid state.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"1948 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91209361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sleep duration and hypertension in young adults of Northern India – A cross-sectional study","authors":"R. Khan, J. Saxena, Dolly Rastogi, Atosh Kumar, Anupama Gupta, Jayvardhan Singh, Preeti Kanawjia, Saurabh Saha","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05266202305062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05266202305062023","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91214243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of antitubercular drugs on liver function tests in newly diagnosed tuberculosis","authors":"Anitha N, Raju Dasari, Suresh Cherlopalli, Sujana Sriram","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07378202319082023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07378202319082023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Particularly in areas where both tuberculosis and liver illness are prominent, it is necessary to determine the factors that put patients at risk for developing anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (anti-TB-DIH). In this study, both the prevalence of anti-TB-DIH and the factors that contribute to its development were studied. As a consequence of this, the purpose of the present study was to explore the abnormal liver function test in patients who were being treated for tuberculosis. Aims and Objectives: (i) To investigate hepatotoxicity in antitubercular patients. (ii) To protect the liver from chemotherapy drug side effects through early detection. (iii) To understand drug-induced hepatotoxicity risk factors. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of one hundred patients who were treated at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology at the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences in Kadapa between January 2022 and January 2023. Results: Patients varying in age from 15 to 30 years comprised 21 (21%) of the study, 31–50 years comprised 31% of the study, 51–70 years comprised 38% of the study, and 71–80 years comprised 10% of the study, with 68 (68%) males and 32 (32%) females. When compared to the levels that were present before therapy, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) exhibited a substantial increase after 2 months of treatment. A comparison of the patient’s levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) before treatment and after treatment for 6 months demonstrated a considerable rise in all of these enzymes’ activities. Conclusion: Because it was established that the majority of patients suffer hepatotoxicity within the first 14 days of beginning antituberculosis therapy (ATT) medication, it is imperative that the liver function of patients be monitored in the initial days in which treatment with ATT is being initiated.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"1952 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91230902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of inflammation in hypertensive, pre-hypertensive, and normotensive individuals using CRP and hs-CRP - A descriptive study","authors":"Hemalatha Hemalatha, P. Samuel","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11554202215032023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11554202215032023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence and prevalence of hypertension have been increasing steadily in the present era. Inflammation is a proven key factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a known marker of vascular inflammation leading to hypertension. High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) is a sensitive marker of assessment of inflammatory changes before the rise in CRP. Aims and Objectives: The goal of this study was to decipher the stage at which inflammation starts related to changes in hypertension using CRP as well as hs-CRP. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which included 120 individuals, who were subdivided into three groups - Normotensive: 40, pre-hypertensive: 40, and hypertensive. JNC classification was used for the categorization of blood pressure. hs-CRP was analyzed as per the principle of ELISA. Results: There was a significant difference in hs-CRP between normotensive and hypertensive. A strong association between hypertension, CRP, and hs-CRP was found. Conclusion: hs-CRP is a sensitive marker for early assessment of inflammatory components in hypertension.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"80 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89567822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of antioxidant therapy on antioxidant capacity in hypertensive patients","authors":"Ajay Mahaputra Kumar, Bhavesh Sadariya, Unmesh S Dave","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11526202219112022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.11526202219112022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is consistently related to the development of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Oxidative stress has been associated with mechanisms of hypertension which could be nullified by antioxidants such as Vitamin C and Vitamin E. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (i) To estimate the impact of antioxidant therapy on antioxidant capacity in hypertensive patients; (ii) to measure serum levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hypertensive patients before and after giving them antioxidant therapy for 45 days. Materials and Methods: Thirty randomly selected hypertensive patients were given Supradyn tablet once a day for 45 days. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), SOD, GR, GPx, and reduced Glutathione assays were measured before and after the intervention therapy. Results: Total antioxidant capacity as measured by serum FRAP in hypertensive patients before and after the therapy was increased significantly from 578.8 ± 60.85 to 592.1 ± 59.66 (μmol/L), respectively. The levels of SOD, GPx, GR, and Glutathione in hypertensive patients before giving antioxidant therapy were 1.6 ± 0.49 U/ml, 184.6 ± 17.1 μmol/L/min, 8.96 ± 1.15 μmol/L/min, and 8.03 ± 0.96 μmol/g of Hb, respectively. The same after giving them antioxidant therapy were 1.7 ± 0.46 U/ml, 182.4 ± 15.98 μmol/L/min, 8.83 ± 1.11 μmol/L/min, and 7.83 ± 0.94 μmol/g of Hb, respectively. The levels of GPx, GR, and Glutathione were significantly decreased after giving antioxidant therapy for 45 days while SOD level did not change significantly. Conclusion: Antioxidant therapies for 45 days led to a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity as shown by plasma FRAP levels and a significant decrease in serum levels of enzymatic antioxidants such as GPx, GR and Glutathione in hypertensive patients. However, serum levels of SOD did not show a significant change.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90883278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}