Clinico-cytomorphological features and thyroid function tests of different thyroid lesions – A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Thyroid gland is an endocrine organ. The non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions affecting the gland can manifest as the swelling of the gland with thyroid dysfunction. Based on cytology, the diseases can be categorized into non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic, and malignant neoplastic conditions and according to hormone status, the lesions of thyroid can be categorized in hypothyroid, euthyroid, or hyperthyroid condition. Aims and Objectives: Our study was done to find out the various cytomorphological spectrum of thyroid diseases and to record their common clinical presentation along with hormonal status in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Odisha. Materials and Methods: A total of 220 cases of thyroid disorder were taken for analysis over a period of 2 years. Patients demographic data, brief clinical features, finding on FNAC (cytomorphology), and thyroid function status were analyzed with appropriate statistical method. Results: The predominant age group affected was 21–40 years and total female to male patient ratio was 5.5:1. Most common presentations were heat intolerance (22.27%), cold intolerance (28.63%), and tachycardia (27.72%) apart from thyroid enlargement. Most common non-neoplastic lesion were multinodular and colloid goiter constituting 38.18% of total cases and most common neoplastic lesion was papillary carcinoma constituting 14.55% of total cases. Thyroid function test showed predominantly euthyroid states for all conditions. Conclusion: As the rest part of India, this part of Odisha also showed that thyroid disorders are more common in females and the most affected age group is 21–40 years. Multinodular and colloid goiter are the most common thyroid lesions. Most of the cases present with euthyroid state.