Mycorrhiza最新文献

{"title":"Integration of whey and mycorrhizal symbiosis: a sustainable biocontrol strategy against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in squash.","authors":"Gökhan Boyno, Nisa Asel Tatar, Mustafa Usta, Necmettin Teniz, Semra Demir","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01262-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01262-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zucchini yellow mosaic virus [Potyvirus cucurbita flavitesselati, (ZYMV-Z)] is a major pathogen causing severe yield losses in global Squash (Cucurbita pepo L). production, with limited sustainable control strategies available. This study aimed to elucidate the biocontrol potential of whey, a by-product of the dairy industry with recognized biofertilizer and biostimulant properties, in integration with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF-M) symbiosis, and to uncover the underlying multilayered defense mechanisms in ZYMV-infected squash plants. ZYMV-infected and non-infected plants were treated with whey (applied-foliar-Wf or via the rhizosphere-Wr) and M, either individually or in combination (WfMZ, WrMZ). Plant growth traits, physiological indicators, biochemical defense responses, soil properties, and mycorrhizal colonization parameters were comprehensively evaluated. ZYMV infection markedly suppressed plant growth, while the integration of whey and AMF significantly mitigated these adverse effects. Notably, the WfMZ combination maintained chlorophyll content and substantially reduced disease severity even under viral stress. This synergistic interaction was associated with a multifaceted activation of the plant’s defense machinery: WfMZ and WrMZ treatments induced the highest total antioxidant activity, phenolic content, proline accumulation, and PAL/CAT enzyme activities. whey acted as a microbial biostimulant by enhancing AMF spore density and root colonization, whereas AMF improved plant-phosphorus uptake and buffered ZYMV-induced rhizosphere acidification. Overall, the integration of whey and AMF represents an effective and sustainable biocontrol strategy against ZYMV. This efficacy stems from the synergy of multiple mechanisms, including direct biostimulation, physiological buffering, rhizosphere engineering, and systemic defense induction along the root–shoot axis. The findings highlight a promising approach for converting agricultural by-products into high-value biocontrol agents for managing viral diseases in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi hypha shape atrazine degradation ability of microbiota by increasing soil aggregation.","authors":"Yang Sun, Hongyang Pan, Ge Song, Sisi Chen, Alexander V Kurakov, Fuqiang Song, Jing Wang, Xiaoxu Fan","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01259-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01259-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The s-triazine herbicide atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture. Owing to the relatively high persistence and toxicological effects of atrazine, effective remediation of atrazine-polluted soil is challenging. To date, bioremediation, especially the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to remediate atrazine-polluted soil, has received extensive attention because of its prominent dissipation effect. In this study, pot experiments were designed to investigate, in each soil aggregate fraction, how soil bacterial communities and their atrazine-degrading capacity respond to hyphae of an AM fungus (Glomus mosseae). In the presence of G. mosseae hyphae, macroaggregates (> 1 mm) were more abundant, while the number of microaggregates (0.25–1 mm) was significantly decreased. Interestingly, G. mosseae hyphae clearly increased atrazine dissipation in all aggregates except for large macroaggregates (> 2 mm), despite the higher concentration of atrazine residue in smaller soil aggregates. However, G. mosseae hyphae increased the total bacterial biomass and the complexity of the bacterial co-occurrence network. Notably, greater absolute abundances of the atzA, trzN, atzB, trzD and atzE genes in small macroaggregates (1–2 mm) and a higher proportion of this soil fraction were observed simultaneously in the presence of G. mosseae hyphae. At soil aggregate scale, it was indicated that AM fungi hypha significantly enhanced atrazine dissipation, via increasing atrazine-degrading genetic potential of small macroaggregates and its responding proportion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable suppression by mycorrhiza of root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei reproduction among mung bean genotypes has implications for phenotyping.","authors":"Begita Adhikari, Janak Khadka, Kirsty J Owen, Elaine C Gough, Rebecca S Zwart","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01261-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01261-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mung bean (Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo) is susceptible to the endoparasitic root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei (Pt), which limits crop productivity. Mung bean roots host symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which improve nutrient uptake and plant growth. The interaction of these organisms was previously reported in a single mung bean cultivar to increase P. thornei reproduction, suggesting potential consequences for phenotyping. Therefore, twelve diverse mung bean genotypes were evaluated to investigate the effect of AMF on P. thornei reproduction. A factorial design of genotypes, P. thornei and the AMF species Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) was evaluated in two glasshouse experiments. At 16 weeks after sowing, in mung bean inoculated with F. mosseae, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in P. thornei population densities in nine genotypes whereas no significant effect on P. thornei population densities was observed in the remaining three genotypes. Root colonisation by F. mosseae was not affected by the presence or absence of P. thornei, with consistent root colonisation of ~ 26% across all genotypes. The widest range of P. thornei reproduction between genotypes, and hence the best discrimination of responses, occurred without F. mosseae inoculation. Consequently, it is recommended that mung bean germplasm should be screened for P. thornei resistance in the glasshouse in the absence of AMF for maximal differentiation between genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi change root morphology and nutrient use efficiency in the tree legume Mimosa scabrella.","authors":"Silmar Primieri, Murilo Dalla Costa, Tássio Dresch Rech, Marlise Nara Ciotta, Sidney L Stürmer","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01260-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01260-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mimosa scabrella is a leguminous tree native to southern Brazil with high economic potential as a source of timber and biomass. This plant interacts simultaneously with multiple microbial partners in symbiosis, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, the extent of the fungal role and the impact of different AMF species on growth and nutrition remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three AMF species on the growth, nutrient uptake, and root traits of M. scabrella seedlings under varying phosphorus (P) levels. Seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse for 60 days in sterile sand-soil inoculated with Acaulospora colombiana (AC), A. morrowiae (AM), and Rhizophagus clarus (RC) across five P levels (0; 20; 40; 80; or 160 mg dm⁻³). AMF inoculation strongly enhanced plant growth and nutrient acquisition across P levels, with high levels of mycorrhizal colonization observed even at the highest P concentrations. Biomass production varied among AMF species: AC and RC increased growth 11.6x and 11.7x, respectively, while A. morrowiae promoted a 5.1x increase. Inoculated plants showed reduced specific root length and greater average root diameter (except at 160 mg P dm⁻³), suggesting a potential shift in resource allocation. Concentrations of N, P, and K, as well as nutrient use efficiency (NUE), were consistently elevated in inoculated seedlings, though increases in NUE may partly reflect overall plant size. Despite all AMF species yielding positive results, AC and RC were notably more effective than AM. These findings highlight the importance of considering AMF host preference and local soil conditions in optimizing plant-AMF symbioses. Such optimizations are crucial for enhancing practices in forestry, agriculture, and environmental reclamation. While our results indicate high mycorrhizal responsiveness, the co-inoculation with Burkholderia spp. necessitates caution in inferring true mycorrhizal dependence, and the functional significance of high colonization at elevated P requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurrence networks reveal candidate AMF-microbe assemblages for generalist and crop-specific inocula.","authors":"Mathieu Delaeter, Papa Mamadou Sitor Ndour, Benoit Tisserant, Béatrice Randoux, Lobna Abdellatif, Franck Stefani, Maryline Magnin-Robert, Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01257-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01257-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread root symbionts increasingly used as bioinoculants. Because symbiotic efficiency depends on interactions with other plant-beneficial microbes, identifying compatible taxa and positive interaction patterns across hosts and niches could improve the design of crop-specific AMF-based inocula. Using amplicon sequencing and co-occurrence network analyses, microbial communities (AMF, fungi and bacteria) from the rhizosphere and roots of wheat were characterized and compared with those of two highly mycotrophic plant species: leek (monocotyledon) and clover (dicotyledon). Results showed that AMF diversity associated with wheat roots was 1.37- and 1.24-fold lower than that observed in leek and clover, respectively. Across all plant species, Glomus and Rhizophagus taxa dominated root-associated communities, whereas Diversispora prevailed in the rhizosphere. In contrast, wheat harboured the highest bacterial and fungal richness compared with leek and clover, whereas leek and clover roots were enriched in several functional bacterial groups, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria and plant growth promoting bacteria. Co-occurrence network analyses revealed niche partitioning with bacterial interactions predominant in roots and fungal interactions in the rhizosphere, but with fewer and less-positive connections in wheat than in leek and clover. AMF showed positive associations with beneficial bacterial taxa (e.g. Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces) and fungal taxa (e.g. Serendipita), with interaction patterns varying among plant species. Together, these results demonstrate that plant identity and niche jointly shape the diversity and interaction patterns of root and rhizosphere-associated microbial communities, and they highlight specific AMF-microbe assemblages as promising candidates for the development of generalist or crop-specific AMF-based inocula.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation is more effective for main crops than for preceding cover crops and does not affect the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in no-till vegetable systems.","authors":"Clarissa Castoldi Facco, Emanuela Pille da Silva, Juliana Aparecida Dos Santos, Vitória Dos Santos Alves, Leonardo Khaoê Giovanetti, Emanueli Marchioro, Anabel González Hernández, Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares, Jucinei José Comin, Paulo Emílio Lovato","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01255-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01255-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbioses with most terrestrial plants, enhancing nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil quality. We evaluated the use of Rhizophagus irregularis-based inoculants in cover crops and subsequent commercial crops in a no-till system and assessed their effects on soil biological attributes and crop yield. Three on-farm field experiments in different locations were conducted with common bean, okra, and corn cultivated after the winter cover crops. The assays were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot scheme and four replicates, with cover crop inoculation (black oats) as the main factor and crop inoculation in the subplot. The treatments included (i) inoculation in the cover crop and no inoculation in the main crop; (ii) no inoculation in the cover crop and inoculation in the main crop; (iii) inoculation in both crops; and (iv) no inoculation in either crop. Soil acid phosphatase activity, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, AMF spore density, and crop yield were measured at the end of each cycle, and the AMF community composition was characterized. The AMF inoculant increased the soil quality indicators (acid phosphatase activity and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis). Inoculation of the cover crops did not replace the beneficial effects of direct inoculation on the yields of beans, okra, or corn. The results of the experiments in locations with different soils revealed that, overall, direct crop inoculation increased the yields of bean, okra, and corn by 30%, 33%, and 19%, respectively, and intensified soil enzyme activity, with no detectable effects on soil AMF community diversity or structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CCR4-associated factor CAF1I promotes plant growth and ectomycorrhizal formation in Populus tomentosa.","authors":"Ying Liu, Chaofeng Li, Ziwei Yang, Norihisa Matsushita, Chunlan Lian","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01258-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01258-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi preferentially form symbiotic associations with many woody plants. However, the genes regulating ECM formation and their functions in host plants remain poorly understood. In this study, PtoCAF1I gene from Populus tomentosa was isolated and functionally characterized. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that PtoCAF1I contains a conserved RNase D structural domain. Tissue expression analysis showed that PtoCAF1I was more highly expressed in roots than other tissues (leaves and stems). Overexpression of PtoCAF1I in P. tomentosa resulted in significantly greater shoot height, number of branches, and biomass in potted seedlings compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Inoculation experiments revealed that overexpression of PtoCAF1I significantly increased the total ECM rate compared with WT poplar inoculated with Cenococcum geophilum, whereas PtoCAF1I RNA interference (RNAi) lines presented an opposite trend. These results suggest that PtoCAF1I not only promotes poplar growth and branch development but also enhances the formation of ECM roots upon inoculation with C. geophilum.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus availability modifies the responses of Glomeromycotina and Mucoromycotina to nitrogen addition.","authors":"Jiří Košnar, Marie Šmilauerová, Tereza Pecková, Petr Šmilauer","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01256-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01256-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grassland fertilisation modifies the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and their plant hosts. The composition and diversity of the fungal community depend on the background nutrient availability and changes in nutrient availability caused by fertilisation. We determined the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition at 12 sites with different background nutrient availabilities using 5 species of bait seedlings planted in the field. We studied two groups of mycorrhizal fungi – arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina, G-AMF) and fine root endophytes (Mucoromycotina, M-FRE) – using molecular methods and light microscopy. Both fungal communities showed large differences among forb and grass host species and among individual sites. G-AMF community composition varied more along background nutrient availability gradients than with short-term fertilisation. Phosphorus availability affected the composition of both fungal communities, but nitrogen availability only affected G-AMF community composition. Nitrogen fertilisation affected both fungal communities more than phosphorus fertilisation, and the effects of nitrogen addition varied with the local phosphorus availability. Our study provides an understanding of the long-term adaptation of mycorrhizal symbiosis to nutrient availability and how it interacts with nutrient addition.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a subalpine mixed forest: the roles of host plants and edaphic factors.","authors":"Zhaoliman Yang, Hao Xi, Jianlin Huo, Qi Zhang, Jianbin Pan, Yongjun Liu, Huyuan Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01249-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01249-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are required for most trees in alpine habitats; however, how host identity and edaphic factors influence ECM fungal communities associated with subalpine trees remains poorly known. Here, we collected root tips from four coexisting tree species (Pinus tabuliformis, Picea wilsonii, Populus davidiana, and Betula albosinensis) in a subalpine mixed forest at approximately 2500 m above sea level. We simultaneously characterized the associated ECM fungal communities using Illumina sequencing and analyzed the physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil. In total, 254 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of ECM fungi were identified across all root samples, with the genera Sebacina, Inocybe, Cortinarius, Cenococcum, and Tuber dominating the community. The results revealed high ECM fungal diversity and a notable proportion of OTUs (39%) remained unclassified in the subalpine forest, suggesting the presence of potentially novel fungal taxa. Host identity was a crucial determinant of ECM fungal community composition, structure, and co-occurrence network modularity, reflecting distinct host-specific associations. In addition, soil pH significantly influenced ECM fungal diversity and composition. Collectively, these findings highlight the combined yet asymmetrical roles of host identity and edaphic conditions, especially soil pH, in shaping ECM fungal community in the subalpine forest. These insights underscore the need for further research into the environmental drivers and host associations of ECM fungi across diverse ecosystems, in order to better predict their community dynamics under future environmental change in subalpine regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as depending on fungal traits and host plant species.","authors":"Henry J De La Cruz, Nicolás Marro, Milena Caccia, Kateřina Žďárská, Martina Janoušková","doi":"10.1007/s00572-026-01254-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00572-026-01254-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous root-associated symbionts, but competitive interactions among coexisting taxa remain poorly understood. The variation in colonization and resource-acquisition strategies drive competition, shaping the relative abundances of AMF within their communities and mycorrhiza functioning. However, the factors that determine the competitive outcomes have received limited experimental attention. We hypothesized that AMF abundances, competitive responses, and contributions to plant growth would vary according to fungal traits and host plant species. Three AMF isolates of contrasting growth and competitive abilities, each representing one AMF species, were mono- and co-inoculated under six host plant species. Fungal abundance, root colonization (RC), and mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) were measured at early and late stages of the symbiosis.Fungal competitive responses depended on the isolate’s root colonization strategy in monoculture and mycorrhizal stage. The fast-colonizing isolate dominated initially, while slower-growing isolates displayed different temporal patterns, either declining or maintaining their abundance over time. Our findings suggest competitive outcomes among AMF that were asymmetric at early stages but became more symmetric later. The host plant species importantly modulated the dominance of the fast root-colonizer. MGR was positively associated with total AMF abundance and RC, yet the most abundant isolate did not necessarily provide the greatest growth benefits to the host plant. Our results suggest that maintaining a diversity of AMF functional types, rather than introducing a single highly competitive isolate, is favourable to the establishment of stable and efficient plant-AMF associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}