南方医科大学学报杂志最新文献

{"title":"[<i>Yiqi Zishen</i> Formula ameliorates inflammation in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway].","authors":"Liming Wang, Hongrui Chen, Yan DU, Peng Zhao, Yujie Wang, Yange Tian, Xinguang Liu, Jiansheng Li","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.07.07","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.07.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate pharmacologically active components of <i>Yiqi Zishen</i> Formula (YZF) and their mechanisms for alleviating airway inflammation in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry was employed to characterize the chemical components in YZF and YZF-medicated rat serum. A compound-disease target network was constructed based on serum components of YZF to screen the key pathways and targets using enrichment analysis. A mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced COPD was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of YZF and validate the expression of key proteins in network pharmacology-enriched pathways. Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomized equally into control group, COPD model group, high- and low-dose YZF treatment groups, and N-acetylcysteine treatment group. Pulmonary function of the mice was assessed using whole-body plethysmography, and lung histopathology, alveolar structure, and airway remodeling were analyzed using HE staining. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF‑α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined with ELISA, and pulmonary expressions of PI3K, Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), p65, and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) were detected using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a total of 156 chemical components (including 26 flavonoids or flavonoid glycosides, 27 alkaloids, and 11 saponins) in YZF and 43 prototype components in medicated rat serum. Network pharmacology revealed 704 YZF-related targets and 1199 COPD-associated targets. Integrated analysis suggested that the anti-COPD effects of YZF were associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In mouse models of COPD, YZF treatment significantly increased mean alveolar number and peak expiratory flow (<i>P</i><0.05), reduced mean linear intercept, bronchial wall thickness, lung coefficient, and BALF cytokine levels, and suppressed the expressions of PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p65, and p-p65 in the lung tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>YZF alleviates COPD symptoms and airway inflammation in mice possibly by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB pathway through its multiple components that interact with multiple targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 7","pages":"1409-1422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12268910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Lip and oral cancers in East Asia from 1990 to 2035: trends of disease burden and future projections].","authors":"Yitong Liu, Ke Zhao, Xiaodong Wang","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.07.23","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.07.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the trends of disease burden of lip and oral cancers in East Asia from 1990 to 2021 and its future projections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database to conduct a comprehensive analysis of disease burden data from China (including Taiwan Province of China), Japan, Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Mongolia. The data were stratified by age, gender and major risk factors, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was employed to predict the future trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, the burden of lip and oral cancers in East Asian countries exhibited a steady increase. Taiwan Province of China experienced the most significant increases in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), while Mongolia saw a decline in both mortality and DALYs. In 2021, Taiwan Province of China reported the highest rates of lip and oral cancer incidence (27.50 per 100 000), prevalence (137.92 per 100 000), mortality (9.59 per 100 000), and DALYs (292.07 person-years per 100 000), particularly among male and elderly populations. Tobacco use and alcohol consumption significantly exacerbated the disease burden in Taiwan Province of China and Japan. Future projections indicate that the incidence and prevalence of lip and oral cancer in China (excluding Taiwan Province of China) will continue to rise, while their mortality rates are expected to decline in most regions, except for Taiwan Province of China and Democratic People's Republic of Korea.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By the year 2035, the disease burden of lip and oral cancers in East Asia is expected to continue to increase, especially in Taiwan Province of China. To address this challenge, it is essential to implement effective measures to control major risk factors, promote early screening, and ensure equitable distribution of healthcare resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 7","pages":"1554-1562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12268915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<i>Qianggu Kangshu</i> Formula attenuates osteoclast differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the HIF-1α/BNIP3 autophagy signaling pathway].","authors":"Weiyi Li, Lu Jiang, Zongxing Zhang, Dan Chen, Zhuoma Bao, Li Huang, Lin Yuan","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.07.05","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.07.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effect of <i>Qianggu Kangshu</i> Formula (QGKSF) for alleviating osteoclast differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis and the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RAW264.7 cells cultured under hypoxic conditions were treated with RANKL to induce osteoclast differentiation and incubated with normal rat serum or sera from rats medicated with methotrexate (MTX) or QGKSF at low and high doses. Cell viability, TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and F-actin ring formation in the treated cells were assessed with CCK-8 assay, TRAP staining and Phalloidin staining, respectively. Autophagy and autophagosomes in the cells were observed with MDC staining and transmission electron microscopy. ELISA was used to measure IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the culture supernatant, and the expressions of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Bcl-2, Beclin1, LC3-I, LC3-II, P62 and TRAP mRNAs and proteins were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In hypoxia- and RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells treated with normal rat serum, significant increments of TRAP-positive cells and F-actin ring formation were observed with an enhanced autophagic fluorescence intensity and increased autophagosomes. Treatment of the induced cells with rat sera medicated with MTX and low- and high-dose QGKSF obviously reduced the TRAP-positive cells, F-actin rings and autophagosomes as well as the autophagic fluorescence intensity. RANKL treatment significantly increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels in RAW264.7 cells, which were obviously decreased by treatment with MTX- and QGKSF-medicated sera. RANKL also significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Bcl-2, Beclin1, LC3 and TRAP and lowered P62 expressions, and these changes were effectively reversed by treatment with MTX- and QGKSF-medicated sera.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>QGKSF attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in hypoxic RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the HIF-1α/BNIP3 autophagy signaling pathway, suggesting its potential for treatment of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 7","pages":"1389-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12268912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat stress affects expression levels of circadian clock gene Bmal1 and cyclins in rat thoracic aortic endothelial cells.","authors":"Xiaoyu Chang, Hanwen Zhang, Hongting Cao, Ling Hou, Xin Meng, Hong Tao, Yan Luo, Guanghua Li","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.07.01","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the structural changes of rat thoracic aorta and changes in expression levels of Bmal1 and cyclins in thoracic aorta endothelial cells following heat stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty male SD rats were randomized equally into control group and heat stress group. After exposure to 32 ℃ for 2 weeks in the latter group, the rats were examined for histopathological changes and Bmal1 expression in the thoracic aorta using HE staining and immunohistochemistry. In the cell experiments, cultured rat thoracic aortic endothelial cells (RTAECs) were incubated at 40 ℃ for 12 h with or without prior transfection with a Bmal1-specific small interfering RNA (si-Bmal1) or a negative sequence. In both rat thoracic aorta and RTAECs, the expressions of Bmal1, the cell cycle proteins CDK1, CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin B1, and apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were detected using Western blotting. TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis in rat thoracic aorta, and the changes in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in RTAECs were analyzed with flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control rats, the rats exposed to heat stress showed significantly increased blood pressures and lowered heart rate with elastic fiber disruption and increased expressions of Bmal1, cyclin B1 and CDK1 in the thoracic aorta (<i>P<</i>0.05). In cultured RTAECs, heat stress caused significant increase of Bmal1, cyclin B1 and CDK1 protein expression levels, which were obviously lowered in cells with prior si-Bmal1 transfection. Bmal1 knockdown also inhibited heat stress-induced increase of apoptosis in RTAECs as evidenced by decreased expression of Bax and increased expression of Bcl-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Heat stress upregulates Bmal1 expression and causes alterations in expressions of cyclins to trigger apoptosis of rat thoracic aorta endothelial cells, which can be partly alleviated by suppressing Bmal1 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 7","pages":"1353-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12268923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pentosan polysulfate alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in mice by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism].","authors":"Yuexuan Zhu, Zhangrui Zhu, Peng Wu","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.16","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) for cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomized into control group, PPS treatment (25 mg/kg via gavage for 3 weeks) group, CYP treatment (3 separate intraperitoneal injections at 50 mg/kg in week 4), and CYP+PPS treatment group. Gut microbiota alterations of the mice were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed in CYP-treated recipient mice and those treated with both CYP and PPS. In the <i>in vitro</i> experiment, LPS-stimulated human bladder epithelial cells (SV-HUC-1) were used to assess the effects of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and TGR5 signaling inhibitor SBI-115 on barrier functions of bladder epithelial cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PPS treatment significantly improved the mechanical pain thresholds, restored the urodynamic parameters, and attenuated bladder inflammation and barrier dysfunction in CYP-treated mice. Mechanistically, PPS enriched the abundance of <i>Eubacterium xylanophilum</i> and increased DCA levels in the intestines of CYP-treated mice. FMT experiments confirmed microbiota-dependent therapeutic effects of PPS, shown by reduced bladder pathology in the recipient mice treated with both CYP and PPS. In SV-HUC-1 cells, DCA obviously alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and barrier disruption, and treatment with SBI-115 abolished these protective effects of DCA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPS ameliorates IC/BPS in mice by remodeling gut microbiota to enhance DCA production and activate TGR5 signaling, suggesting a novel microbiota-bile acid-TGR5 axis that mediates the therapeutic effect of PPS and a therapeutic strategy for IC/BPS by targeting gut-bladder crosstalk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 6","pages":"1270-1279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Therapeutic mechanism of <i>Arctium lappa</i> extract for post-viral pneumonia pulmonary fibrosis: a metabolomics, network pharmacology analysis and experimental verification].","authors":"Guoyong Li, Renling Li, Yiting Liu, Hongxia Ke, Jing Li, Xinhua Wang","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.08","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the therapeutic mechanism of <i>Arctium lappa</i> extract for treatment of Post-Viral Pneumonia Pulmonary Fibrosis (PPF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chemical constituents of <i>Arctium lappa</i> extracts were identified using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis established by tracheal instillation of bleomycin were treated with Arctium lappa extract, and body weight changes were recorded and lung tissue pathology was examined using HE and Masson staining. Metabolomics analysis was used to identify the differential metabolites and the associated metabolic pathways in the treated mice. The common targets of viral pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis were acquired from the publicly available databases, and the core targets and active constituents were screened using the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, and molecular docking, and a \"gene-metabolite\" regulatory network was constructed. The expressions of the core targets were detected in the lung tissues of the treated mice using Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-three chemical constituents were identified from <i>Arctium lappa</i> extract. In the mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis, treatment with <i>Arctium lappa</i> extract significantly improved weight loss and ameliorated lung inflammation and fibrosis. The differential metabolites in the treated mice were enriched in energy metabolism pathways involving citrate cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, tryptophan metabolism, glutamate metabolism and glutathione metabolism, which regulated the production of energy metabolism intermediates. Twenty-three key active compounds (mostly lignans and phenolic acids) and 82 core targets were screened, which were associated with the non-canonical Smad signaling pathways (including PI3K/AKT, HIF-1, MAPK, and Foxo) that participated in the regulation of energy metabolism. <i>Arctium lappa</i> extract also regulated the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑related proteins (fibronectin, vimentim, and Snail, etc.) and inhibited MAPK signaling pathway activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preliminary findings suggest that <i>Arctium lappa</i> treats fibrosis by regulating metabolism to inhibit EMT and involves the modulation of non-canonical Smad signaling pathways, such as MAPK providing theoretical support for its clinical application and further research in treating PPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 6","pages":"1185-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<i>Buyang Huanwu</i> Decoction delays vascular aging in rats through exosomal miR-590-5p signal-mediated macrophage polarization].","authors":"Shuyu Tu, Xiangyu Chen, Chenghui Li, Danping Huang, Li Zhang","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.14","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of <i>Buyang Huanwu</i> Decoction (BYHWD) on vascular aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen male SD rats were randomized into young group, intraperitoneal D-galactose injection-induced aging group, and BYHWD gavage group. The changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV), vascular SA-β-gal activity, and expressions of p16, p21 and SA‑β‑gal of the rats were examined. Serum exosomes were isolated from the rats, and after characterization using NTA and TEM and for surface markers and vascular cell markers, were examined for miR-590-5p expression using qRT-PCR. The M1/M2 macrophage ratio and cytokine levels were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays were carried out to predict the potential target genes of miR-590-5p and validate its targeting relationship with SLC8A3, whose expressions were detected in the vascular tissues of the rats by Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the young rats, the aging rats exhibited significantly increased PWV in the abdominal aorta with elevated vascular expressions of p16, p21 and SA-β-gal, which were all reversed by BYHWD treatment. The isolated serum exosomes were positive for CD63, CD81, CD31 and SM-22, and the exosomes from aging rats showed significantly downregulated expression of miR-590-5p, which was upregulated after BYHWD treatment. The aging rat vessels showed an increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio with elevated M1-specific cytokines and reduced M2-specific cytokines, and BYHWD treatment effectively inhibited M1 polarization of the macrophages. Pearson analysis revealed a negative correlation between exosomal miR-590-5p upregulation and the M1/M2 ratio. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that miR-590-5p targets SLC8A3. Western blotting demonstrated increased SLC8A3 expression in aging rat vessels, which was downregulated after BYHWD treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BYHWD attenuates vascular aging in rats by modulating macrophage M1 polarization and suppressing vascular inflammation <i>via</i> exosomal miR-590-5p-mediated downregulation of SLC8A3.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 6","pages":"1251-1259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Correlations of immune cell infiltration characteristics with clinicopathological parameters in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma].","authors":"Huaxuan Zhao, Guichao Zhang, Jiarong Liu, Futian Mo, Taoen Li, Chengyong Lei, Shidong Lü","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.17","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the characteristics of immune cell infiltration in tumor samples from Chinese patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and the correlation of immune cell infiltration with tumor stage and response to immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tumor samples and clinicopathological data were collected from 154 ccRCC patients treated in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from October, 2020 to October, 2023. The immune cell types infiltrating the tumor tissues were identified using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, and their correlations with the patients' clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Patient-derived tumor tissue fragment models (PDTF) models, constructed using tumor tissues from 22 patients, were treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody, and T cell activation was detected using flow cytometry to assess the patients' responses to immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Chinese ccRCC patients included in this study, CD8⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells, and CD3⁺ T cells were the most abundant in the tumor tissues. Higher infiltration levels of CD3⁺ T cells (<i>P</i>=0.004), PD-1⁺ T cells (<i>P</i>=0.020), CD68⁺ T cells (<i>P</i>=0.049), CD79⁺ T cells (<i>P</i>=0.049), and Tryptase⁺ cells (<i>P</i>=0.049) were all positively correlated with a larger tumor size (≥5 cm). A higher infiltration level of CD4⁺ T cells was associated with a lower tumor stage. Patients with higher International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades had higher infiltration levels of CD3⁺ T cells (<i>P</i>=0.023), CD8⁺ T cells (<i>P</i>=0.045), PD-1⁺ T cells (<i>P</i>=0.014), CD20⁺ B cells (<i>P</i>=0.020) and CD79⁺ B cells (<i>P</i>=0.049), and lower levels of Tryptase⁺ cells (<i>P</i>=0.001). Patients with abundant infiltrating immune cells tended to have better responses to immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The infiltrating immune cells are heterogeneous in Chinese ccRCC patients, and immune cell infiltration characteristics are closely correlated with clinicopathological parameters of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 6","pages":"1280-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[CRAKUT:integrating contrastive regional attention and clinical prior knowledge in U-transformer for radiology report generation].","authors":"Yedong Liang, Xiongfeng Zhu, Meiyan Huang, Wencong Zhang, Hanyu Guo, Qianjin Feng","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.24","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We propose a Contrastive Regional Attention and Prior Knowledge-Infused U-Transformer model (CRAKUT) to address the challenges of imbalanced text distribution, lack of contextual clinical knowledge, and cross-modal information transformation to enhance the quality of generated radiology reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CRAKUT model comprises 3 key components, including an image encoder that utilizes common normal images from the dataset for extracting enhanced visual features, an external knowledge infuser that incorporates clinical prior knowledge, and a U-Transformer that facilitates cross-modal information conversion from vision to language. The contrastive regional attention in the image encoder was introduced to enhance the features of abnormal regions by emphasizing the difference between normal and abnormal semantic features. Additionally, the clinical prior knowledge infuser within the text encoder integrates clinical history and knowledge graphs generated by ChatGPT. Finally, the U-Transformer was utilized to connect the multi-modal encoder and the report decoder in a U-connection schema, and multiple types of information were used to fuse and obtain the final report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated the proposed CRAKUT model on two publicly available CXR datasets (IU-Xray and MIMIC-CXR). The experimental results showed that the CRAKUT model achieved a state-of-the-art performance on report generation with a BLEU-4 score of 0.159, a ROUGE-L score of 0.353, and a CIDEr score of 0.500 in MIMIC-CXR dataset; the model also had a METEOR score of 0.258 in IU-Xray dataset, outperforming all the comparison models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed method has great potential for application in clinical disease diagnoses and report generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 6","pages":"1343-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[SG-UNet: a melanoma segmentation model enhanced with global attention and self-calibrated convolution].","authors":"Huanyu Ji, Rui Wang, Shengxiang Gao, Wengang Che","doi":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.21","DOIUrl":"10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We propose a new melanoma segmentation model, SG-UNet, to enhance the precision of melanoma segmentation in dermascopy images to facilitate early melanoma detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized a U-shaped convolutional neural network, UNet, and made improvements to its backbone, skip connections, and downsampling pooling sections. In the backbone, with reference to the structure of VGG, we increased the number of convolutions from 10 to 13 in the downsampling part of UNet to achieve a deepened network hierarchy that allowed capture of more refined feature representations. To further enhance feature extraction and detail recognition, we replaced the traditional convolution the backbone section with self-calibrated convolution to enhance the model's ability to capture both spatial and channel dimensional features. In the pooling part, the original pooling layer was replaced by Haar wavelet downsampling to achieve more effective multi-scale feature fusion and reduce the spatial resolution of the feature map. The global attention mechanism was then incorporated into the skip connections at each layer to enhance the understanding of contextual information of the image.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental results showed that the SG-UNet model achieved significantly improved segmentation accuracy on ISIC 2017 and ISIC 2018 datasets as compared with other current state-of-the-art segmentation models, with Dice reached 92.41% and 86.62% and IoU reaching 92.31% and 86.48% on the two datasets, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed model is capable of effective and accurate segmentation of melanoma from dermoscopy images.</p>","PeriodicalId":18962,"journal":{"name":"南方医科大学学报杂志","volume":"45 6","pages":"1317-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}