Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR FLIPBOOK MANFAAT ENERGI KELAS IV DI SEKOLAH DASAR 小学四年级能源效益FLIPBOOK教材开发
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v8i1.7244
Diana Rossa Martatiyana, Lina Novita, R. Purnamasari
{"title":"PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR FLIPBOOK MANFAAT ENERGI KELAS IV DI SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Diana Rossa Martatiyana, Lina Novita, R. Purnamasari","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v8i1.7244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v8i1.7244","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to produce flipbook teaching materials for theme 2, subtheme 2, the benefits of learning energy 1 in class IV at SDN Semplak 1 and to determine the feasibility of flipbook teaching materials. This development uses the ADDIE model. The research begins with a needs analysis, making a design, developing a flipbook teaching material design, then being validated by experts, revising the product, and conducting a limited trial (implementation). The total average value of the validation results of material, media, and language experts shows that flipbook teaching materials are very feasible to use with an average acquisition percentage of 91.90%. In the limited test stage, 29 students gave a very good response to the flipbook teaching materials used. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that this flipbook teaching material was tested, interesting and very suitable for students to use for learning.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74886708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENCE LEARNING USING COMPUTER BASED INSTRUCTION THROUGH SIMULATION MODELS 通过仿真模型实现科学学习的计算机教学
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v8i1.8481
S. Fatonah, Abroto Abroto, Noor Alfi Fajriyani, Eka Putri Ningsih, Irfan Irfan, Kharisma Romadhon
{"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENCE LEARNING USING COMPUTER BASED INSTRUCTION THROUGH SIMULATION MODELS","authors":"S. Fatonah, Abroto Abroto, Noor Alfi Fajriyani, Eka Putri Ningsih, Irfan Irfan, Kharisma Romadhon","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v8i1.8481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v8i1.8481","url":null,"abstract":"The process of implementing Natural Science Learning (IPA) is often said to be a difficult subject so that the decline in student interest in the subject (IPA) can be seen when the student learning process is more passive during learning. The method that is commonly applied is in the form of a lecture method so that the results of the students are more willing to listen during the learning process. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of science learning using Computer Based Intruction through a simulation model. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research. Data collection techniques in this study using interviews and documentation. The results of this study describe that at MI Ma'arif Darussalam Plaosan has applied science learning using Computer Based Instuction through a simulation model, namely utilizing visual media in teacher learning has provided more concrete and real learning in learning with the help of visual media. supported by student responses and responses that are very enthusiastic about the learning that is applied, namely based on Computer Based Intruction experienced by students, this has succeeded in supporting student activity. In the simulation model, there are four roles of the teacher, namely: first a teacher explains, second as an intermediary, third as a coach and fourth as a discussion. This simulation learning is four stages which are the stages of orientation, training, simulation and debriefing","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82891547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SUBTEMA BERSYUKUR ATAS KEBERAGAMAN 探索学习对学习结果的影响在于多样性
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6589
Rais Hidayat, R. A. Gani, Yuyun Elizabeth Patras, Dewi Sulastri
{"title":"PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SUBTEMA BERSYUKUR ATAS KEBERAGAMAN","authors":"Rais Hidayat, R. A. Gani, Yuyun Elizabeth Patras, Dewi Sulastri","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6589","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of the implementation of the discovery learning model on learning outcomes for the Sub-theme of Gratitude for Diversity. This study used an experimental method with a quasi-experimental type of two-group design at the Cibarusah Jaya 04 State Elementary School, West Java. Data collection techniques using test instruments, data analysis using descriptive statistics, testing prerequisite analysis and finally hypothesis testing using t test. The population is 72 students with the sampling technique using purposive sampling, so that 72 students are sampled. This research was conducted in the first semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. The results of the research show that there is an effect of the implementation of the Discovery Learning model on learning outcomes for the Sub-theme of Gratitude for Diversity. This can be seen from the N-Gain in the experimental class group of 80, while the control class group got an N-Gain value of 71. The completeness of learning outcomes obtained by the experimental group was 92% while in the control class group it was 56%. The results of testing the research hypothesis show that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted because tstatistic (2.9785) > ttable (1.99). Based on these findings, the use of the discovery learning model is highly recommended to improve the learning outcomes in elementary schools","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84919371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
LITERASI NUMERASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK SISWA KELAS 3 SD/MI 小学三年级学生专题学习中的排字学
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6499
M. Nurjanah, Diah Tara Dewi, Kukuh Maulana Al Fathan, Intan Dewi Mawardini
{"title":"LITERASI NUMERASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK SISWA KELAS 3 SD/MI","authors":"M. Nurjanah, Diah Tara Dewi, Kukuh Maulana Al Fathan, Intan Dewi Mawardini","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6499","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to describe numeration literates in integrated thematic study in a bandung class of 3 mi al-rasyidiyah. The approach in this research is a descriptive culinary. This research conducted a data collection with an interview technique for a 3rd grade teacher - rasyidiyah, test sheets and documentation. Test sheets are composed of several numerical literations about weight-unit matter. The conclusion based on the discussion was the ability of 3rd graders in mi al-rasyidiyah the city of bandung in dealing with numeration literacy was said to be good enough, but more care is required when understanding the content of a story text in the problem and the student's ability when doing solutions on numeration literacy needs to be enhanced again","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82487343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
VALIDITAS E-MODUL IPS LECTORA INSPIRE BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR e -模IPS LECTORA灵感为四年级学生探索学习
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5478
Yulfia . Nora, Ira Rahmayuni Jusar, Ade Fitri Rahmadani, Tiwi Aulia Safitri
{"title":"VALIDITAS E-MODUL IPS LECTORA INSPIRE BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Yulfia . Nora, Ira Rahmayuni Jusar, Ade Fitri Rahmadani, Tiwi Aulia Safitri","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5478","url":null,"abstract":"During the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of online learning carried out by teachers, tended to only use the WhatsApp application as a medium in assigning assignments and collecting assignments by students. Learning resources used by students at home are not yet innovative, only sourced from books and Student Worksheets (LKS). In addition, the social studies material contained in the book is not in accordance with the curriculum. This research aims to describe the validity of the IPS Lectora Inspire e-module based on discovery learning for the fourth grade of elementary school. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D). This research is a research method used to find, develop and validate a product. This research went through three stages, namely the define, design and develop stages which were adopted from the 4-D model developed by Thiagarajan which was then modified into 3-D. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The instrument for collecting research data is in the form of a validity questionnaire sheet. The e-module is validated by two experts, namely a material expert and a design expert. The data from the validation sheet were analyzed quantitatively, then used descriptive techniques to draw conclusions qualitatively. Based on the results of data analysis, the validity of the material aspect was 89% and the validity of the design aspect was 83% with an average of 86% with very valid criteria. Thus, the IPS Lectora Inspire e-module based on discovery learning for grade elementary school produced can be used in the learning process.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77025640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
SEKOLAH ISLAM: SEBUAH TINJAUAN IDEOLOGIS DAN PENDIDIKAN HUMANIS PADA SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM CREATIVE BANJARBARU
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6606
Willy Ramadan, Yahya Mof
{"title":"SEKOLAH ISLAM: SEBUAH TINJAUAN IDEOLOGIS DAN PENDIDIKAN HUMANIS PADA SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM CREATIVE BANJARBARU","authors":"Willy Ramadan, Yahya Mof","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6606","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the educational ideology of the founder or initiator of SD Islam Creative and how to implement humanist values in learning. This article is the result of field research with a qualitative approach. The multiplication data in this study was obtained from 4 informants consisting of 1 founder, 1 principal and 2 teachers. To explore the first objective of the research, the informants have been determined by the researcher or known as the purposive sampling technique, while for other informants using the snowball sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was conducted by interviewing informants, making observations in the field, and also documents. The stages in the research consist of the pre-field stage, the field work stage, and the data analysis stage. The finding states that the educational ideology of the founders is liberalism with an approach to educational philosophies. While the implementation of humanist values in learning can be seen in 4 things are (1) the application of multiple intelligences as a basic program or learning method for students; (2) Giving children the freedom to express and learn with the natural surroundings, so that learning becomes fun for students; (3) Shaping children's character through programs such as Islam, independence, and honesty; (4) Students are educated in a humanistic way.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81050190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
KONSTRUKSI KARAKTER SISWA VIA PEMBIASAAN SHALAT DHUHA 学生通过外包祈祷DHUHA的性格塑造
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6531
Atika Andayani, Zaini Dahlan
{"title":"KONSTRUKSI KARAKTER SISWA VIA PEMBIASAAN SHALAT DHUHA","authors":"Atika Andayani, Zaini Dahlan","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6531","url":null,"abstract":"Research was conducted to provide a description of the character construction of students through the habituation of dhuha prayers at MIS Terpadu Mutiara Hikmah Hessa Perlompongan. The research was conducted using qualitative methods conducted. The collection of information and data was carried out by interviewing techniques with Mr. Suyanto, S.Ag as the Head of Madrasah as the main source, Mrs. Martiya as the guardian of class 6-A, Mrs. Nisa as the 2-A class guardian and also Mrs. Wati as the office staff. Then observation and documentation is taken where the student is the subject. The data analysis technique used goes through three stages: data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The validity of the data is tested through engineering triangulation and source triangulation. The results of the research obtained that through the habituation of dhuha prayer at MIS Terpadu Mutiara Hikmah, there are five characters formed in students, namely: (1) Religious; (2) Discipline; (3) On Time; (4) Responsibility; And (5) Honestly. The character of discipline becomes the most prominent character because students are able to manage the time when taking wudhu, preparing prayer equipment to order themselves so that they can perform dhuha prayers immediately and do not interfere with study time later. While on the character of responsibility is shown by the class leader and the imam of prayer. As the leader, the class leader directs his friends not to pray, and as an imam order the shaf and ensure the safe and orderly running of dhuha prayers.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86783539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO INTERAKTIF TARI KREASI DAERAH BERBASIS 5W1H PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK KELAS IV MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6363
Zulia Nurul Faizah, S. Rofi’ah
{"title":"PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO INTERAKTIF TARI KREASI DAERAH BERBASIS 5W1H PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK KELAS IV MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH","authors":"Zulia Nurul Faizah, S. Rofi’ah","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6363","url":null,"abstract":"The development of interactive videos aims to meet the needs of students in the teaching and learning process in the digital era by utilizing mobile technology. The use of the 5W1H foundation as the basis for compiling materials is a hallmark of the development of this interactive video. This research and development use five stages of ADDIE. Questionnaires, interviews, and documentation were then processed into two types of data, namely qualitative data and quantitative data to then be used as a determinant of the feasibility of interactive videos and to find out the responses of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students. The 5W1H-based interactive regional dance video has been validated by three expert validators with appropriate criteria and received positive responses from students. Ease of access to products in research and development is a very solution for a more lively and meaningful distance learning model.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88291147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL MEDIA CROSSWORD PUZZLE BERGAMBAR ALTERNATIF MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5291
Baharudin Baharudin, Ida Fiteriani, Sri Sukasih, Citra Wulan Sari
{"title":"IMPLEMENTASI MODEL MEDIA CROSSWORD PUZZLE BERGAMBAR ALTERNATIF MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH","authors":"Baharudin Baharudin, Ida Fiteriani, Sri Sukasih, Citra Wulan Sari","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5291","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of Picture Crossword Puzzle (MCP-G) media model is an alternative to making it easier for teachers to deliver durring pandemic COVID-19. MCP-B can create a more pleasant learning atmosphere and foster active student participation. This study aims to produce learning media products that can support thematic motivation and learning outcomes for fourth-grade students of MI. Product development refers to ADDIE design. The products developed are lesson plans, worksheets, learning media and motivational instruments and learning outcomes tests. The product development stages start from the initial-late analysis, student analysis, material analysis, task analysis, learning objectives analysis, method selection, format selection, expert validity, limited trials, field trials and revisions. The research data was sourced from expert validation sheets, student motivation observation sheets, teacher ability observation sheets in managing learning from the practical side and implementation of MCP-G learning media. The results show that the MCP-B model is feasible and effective to use in supporting motivation and thematic learning outcomes with the theme: \"the beauty of diversity\". The selection of good and appropriate learning media can make it easier for students to absorb the material presented by the teacher. This condition indicates that the learning media is very influential on learning outcomes according to educational goals. In line with that, this research can be used as an insight for teachers in developing fun and effective learning media, especially in the era of the COVID-19 Pandemic.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76424917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PAPAN METAMORFOSIS SEMPURNA TEMATIK KELAS 4 MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5967
M. U. Nuha, M. Shobirin, Ummu Jauharin Farda
{"title":"PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PAPAN METAMORFOSIS SEMPURNA TEMATIK KELAS 4 MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH","authors":"M. U. Nuha, M. Shobirin, Ummu Jauharin Farda","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5967","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the development of the thematic perfect metamorphosis board media for grade 4 at MI Miftahul Falah Mindahan Batealit Jepara. This research uses the development method (research and development). This research method uses the development model of Sugiono's ten steps. Due to time constraints, the researcher developed up to five steps: potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, and design revision. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews, observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the needs analysis sheet by the fourth grade teacher of MI Miftahul Falah and it can be concluded that the science map learning media board on metamorphosis material is really needed. Based on the validation results, it can be concluded that the product developed is in the \"very good\" category.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81661466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信