Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
INTEGRASI CHARACTER VALUE MELALUI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5469
Hasni Noor
{"title":"INTEGRASI CHARACTER VALUE MELALUI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Hasni Noor","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.5469","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the integration of character values in learning Islamic Religious Education at SDN Tinggiran Darat. Descriptive qualitative method was applied in this study, while the data were obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. After the data was collected, the researchers analyzed the data from the Miles and Huberman model. The validity of the data has been checked by triangulation in an effort to ensure the data that has been obtained is valid and correct. The results of this study describe PAI teachers at SDN Tinggiran Darat have integrated character values into Islamic Religious Education subjects. Integration is applied in learning planning and in the learning process. In planning the teacher inserts character values starting from the initial activity to the final activity, while in the learning process character values are directly integrated into learning activities. The PAI teacher also evaluates the PAI material and at the same time on the student's character which is carried out through observation, self-assessment and peer-assessment.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79804938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH DASAR: UPAYA PENDIDIK MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA DALAM MEMPERSIAPKAN GENERASI EMAS 2045 BERBASIS NEUROSAINS 小学角色教育的实现:教育努力塑造学生为2045年神经科学金元一代做准备的性格
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6379
Usan Usan, S. Suyadi
{"title":"IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH DASAR: UPAYA PENDIDIK MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA DALAM MEMPERSIAPKAN GENERASI EMAS 2045 BERBASIS NEUROSAINS","authors":"Usan Usan, S. Suyadi","doi":"10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v7i2.6379","url":null,"abstract":"Education is absolutely necessary for humans, because it is an effort to shape character. This is inseparable from the role of parents and teachers. Parents as the first teachers, forming character is an obligation not only at birth, but when the baby is in the womb. In addition, teachers, especially in elementary schools, have the same obligation in shaping character. In the process, teachers need to use a brain-based character education approach (neuroscience). The reason is that the success of forming character starts from changing the student's brain. If brain-based character education is applied from an early age, the implication is that Indonesian education is of higher quality and able to prepare a quality 2045 golden generation. This research uses qualitative research based on literature review. Based on the results of the study, it was found that quality education is education that is able to shape the character of its students. Character education is more effective if it uses a brain approach (neuroscience), because changing character begins by changing the student's brain","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81456071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN KECERDASAN MAJEMUK DI SEKOLAH DASAR 教师在小学运用多重智能的策略
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4541
Robiatul Munajah, Asep Supena
{"title":"STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN KECERDASAN MAJEMUK DI SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Robiatul Munajah, Asep Supena","doi":"10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4541","url":null,"abstract":"The success of students in learning does not only depend on their own abilities. Several factors that can give effect need to be optimized. The teacher's strategy is very meaningful to optimize students' multiple intelligences according to the indicators that each student has. Every child in this world has various intelligences in different levels and indicators. This shows that all children, by nature, are intelligent. The difference lies in the level and indicators of intelligence. These differences are determined by various factors. One of them is the stimulation given when children learn in the learning process carried out by the teacher. The difference in intelligence among students demands a fair and existential way of thinking of educators. This research is a literature review to see more specifically the teacher's strategy in optimizing multiple intelligences in elementary schools based on research reference sources and books. Good educators are able to detect children's intelligence by observing the behavior, tendencies, interests, ways and qualities of children when reacting to the given stimulus. All indicators of intelligence can be recognized by educators to then make a profile of intelligence. Therefore, every teacher should know how to develop the intelligence of their students, by identifying each indicator of children's intelligence and realizing the importance of developing all the intelligences of their students. ","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79607163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
IMPLEMENTASI BUDAYA SEKOLAH BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR 环境文化的实现,塑造小学学生的环境特征
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5314
Ummi Nur Rokhmah, Misbahul Munir
{"title":"IMPLEMENTASI BUDAYA SEKOLAH BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Ummi Nur Rokhmah, Misbahul Munir","doi":"10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5314","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is describe implementation of environmental school culture for shaping character environmental care students at SDN Temas 01 Batu. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive research. The study is conducted in SDN Temas 01 Batu with the subject of his research is the principal, 3 teachers, 4 students, 1 janitor, 1 cafeteria guard and 2 parents of students. Data is collected through interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through 3 stages, datareduction, data display and verification. The validity of the information is tested by triangulation of techniques and triangulation of sources. The research results show that environmental school culture is implemented through 3 steps, planning, implementation and evaluation. Planning activities are forming school environmental management team, making environmental studies and planning environmental actions. Activities carried out during implementation are make environmental policies, implement environmental based curricula, conduct participatory based environmental activities, and manage environmental supporting facilities. The success of the implementation is evaluated by monitoring the state of biodiversity in schools, electricity bills and spending on purchasing office stationery, weighing the amount of waste and monitoring students' ability to manage the environment in terms of cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. The supporting factor that influences the implementation of an environmental school culture is the location of the school which is in a location that is still beautiful and gets a lot of support from outside parties. While the inhibiting factor is limitation of budget, there are still students who lack awareness in sorting waste and there is still a lot of plastic waste in schools.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79063124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
DIAGNOSA KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR GURU PAI PADA MATERI YANG DIANGGAP TABU DI SDIT AL-FIRDAUS BANJARMASIN 在班达尔SDIT AL-FIRDAUS BANJARMASIN被认为是禁忌的材料上诊断出PAI老师的教学技能
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5587
Nuriyadin Nuriyadin, A. Husein
{"title":"DIAGNOSA KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR GURU PAI PADA MATERI YANG DIANGGAP TABU DI SDIT AL-FIRDAUS BANJARMASIN","authors":"Nuriyadin Nuriyadin, A. Husein","doi":"10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5587","url":null,"abstract":"Fiqh material requires a special skill for an educator in delivering it, let alone intersect with the problem of delivering material that considered taboo by both educators and students. Like delivering material about the purification of the big hadas (Mandi Junub), also conveyed the material of the request prayer, and fasting (Haid, Nifas Jimak). The skills of a teacher are needed in order to convey taboo material in Fiqh to level students elementary school in proportion. This article aims to analyze the skills of an educator in delivering Fiqh material which is taboo provide understanding to elementary school students. This article will studied using descriptive qualitative research methods by going directly to the field searches for data and narrates the data with a theory that concerned. The results of this study educators need special skills in teaching in order to be able to convey Fiqh material that is considered taboo to level students elementary school properly and in proportion. Conclusions from this research skills delivering Fiqh material from educators can provide understanding to participants educate on Fiqh material which is considered taboo","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80747050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR : STUDI META-ANALISIS 基础学习问题模型对小学生数学学习的影响:元分析研究
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5099
Fatkhul Arifin, Tri Anjani Ashari, Fauzan Fauzan
{"title":"PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR : STUDI META-ANALISIS","authors":"Fatkhul Arifin, Tri Anjani Ashari, Fauzan Fauzan","doi":"10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.5099","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the overall mathematics learning in several scientific journals at the basic education level \"at the basic education level. The method used is meta-analysis, namely a descriptive narrative review or systematic review by analyzing the results. The results of research that have been published nationally relating to the influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on elementary school students' mathematics learning The sample in this study is a random sampling technique with a total of thirteen journal articles that have been published nationally in Indonesia with a span of years. 2014-2020 at the basic education level which discusses the writing of experiments on the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in elementary school students' Mathematics learning. The instrument used is a coding data sheet that summarizes the data. and journal information. Based on the analysis of the overall effect value, the average value of the influence is 0.416, which means that it is in the large effect category. The findings of the analysis also show that the problem-based learning model has an influence on Mathematics learning in basic education. This shows the conclusion that the-pl problem based learning model is more effective in learning mathematics compared to the conventional learning model in this study","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91135633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 5K-BASED SYNECTIC MODEL TO IMPROVE HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS 基于5的综合模式对提高小学生高阶思维技能的有效性
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4803
Uswatun Hasanah, F. Fahrurrozi, M. Zulela, Ahmad Januar
{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 5K-BASED SYNECTIC MODEL TO IMPROVE HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS","authors":"Uswatun Hasanah, F. Fahrurrozi, M. Zulela, Ahmad Januar","doi":"10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4803","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the 5K-based Synectic model to improve the higher-order thinking skills of elementary school students. The type of research method used is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest design with a control group design. The sample used was 127 grade V elementary school students in the District of Kebayoran Lama who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The results of this study prove that the application of the 5K-based synectic model obtained a significant value so that it is effectively used in improving the higher-order thinking skills of elementary school students. This model can help students develop creative reasoning to solve problems, store new information, assist in producing writing, and explore social and disciplinary problems to improve their high-order thinking skills. This research can be used as input for education practitioners, especially teachers in developing learning that adapts to the needs of the times and can develop students' reasoning.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"367 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76591679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TANTANGAN GURU DALAM MENGAJAR DENGAN SISTEM WORK FROM HOME PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4356
H. Hasan
{"title":"TANTANGAN GURU DALAM MENGAJAR DENGAN SISTEM WORK FROM HOME PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH","authors":"H. Hasan","doi":"10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4356","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study wa to determine the challenge faced by teachers in implementin pedagogic competencies during the teaching process with a work from home system. This  research is located  at the Madrasah  Ibtidaiyah  Lemo Tua, Kuajang Village, Binuang District,Polewali Mandar Regency,West Sulawesi Province.The research subjects were 6 class teachers. This research is an exploratory case study using a qualitative research approach with data analysis techniques using  triangulation. The  results of the study found that the challenges  faced by teachers were 1) teachers had  difficulties in achieving  learning  targets  according  to the  curriculum, 2) teachers had difficulties in implementing online learning using technology media, 3) teachershad difficulties in assessing student learning outcomes in accordance with validation instruments and reliable data. These challenges cause teachers to be unable to maximize their pedagogical competence  in teaching with a work from home system. Researchers offer ideas to answer these challenges, namely,1) the need for  simplification of learning  and assessment targets, 2) the  need for provision of digital literacy knowledge and the use of technology for teachers, students and parents,3) the need for smartphone subsidies for teachers and  students during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75111800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
FLIPPED CLASSROOM: INNOVATIVE LEARNING TO INCREASE THE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE 翻转课堂:创新学习,提高数字时代小学生的学习动机
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4802
J. Jamilah, T. Sukitman, M. Mulyadi
{"title":"FLIPPED CLASSROOM: INNOVATIVE LEARNING TO INCREASE THE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE","authors":"J. Jamilah, T. Sukitman, M. Mulyadi","doi":"10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31602/MUALLIMUNA.V7I1.4802","url":null,"abstract":"Today's digital age has an important impact on education. One of the learning models to increase the motivation of learners in learning in the digital era is flipped learning with reverse learning models. This research is a type of literature research. This research data source uses a variety of literature from various journals. Data analysis in this study uses content analysis. The results of this study show that the application of flipped classroom in the digital era has been able to increase students' learning motivation both at school and at home. Because students have studied the learning material before entering the class which means that the teacher is no longer dominant in controlling the class so that the interaction between the teacher and students becomes better and is very enjoyable in learning. Therefore when designed effectively, the flipped classroom method can increase the students' motivation towards the course. Also, suggestions for practitioners were discussed in this study","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89500171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Studies on the Ecological Competence of Civic Education in Primary Schools 小学公民教育生态能力研究
Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.18860/mad.v13i2.12291
Y. Feriandi, D. Budimansyah, Kokom Komalasari
{"title":"Studies on the Ecological Competence of Civic Education in Primary Schools","authors":"Y. Feriandi, D. Budimansyah, Kokom Komalasari","doi":"10.18860/mad.v13i2.12291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/mad.v13i2.12291","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the world of technology has provided many changes in the pattern of human life, including influencing environmental phenomena that have an impact on the way of life of citizens. To prevent environmental destruction. So ecological education is one of the efforts to continue the effort to create citizens who care about the environment with their environmental characteristics. This study aims to examine the ecological competence of elementary school students through civic education in building awareness of the environment. The approach used in this research is qualitative with the literature study method. The results of the analysis and study in this study indicate: 1) the competence of knowledge and ecological strategies of elementary school students is formed through civic education, 2) elementary school students can act on environmental issues, 3) elementary school students have the quality to address environmental issues through civic education. So that the conclusion in this study is that the ecological competence of elementary school students can be formed through civic education, the output of which is that these students have environmental skills and character in utilizing their environment.","PeriodicalId":18944,"journal":{"name":"Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90506218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信