National Bureau of Economic Research最新文献_第10页

Shocks vs. Responsiveness: What Drives Time-Varying Dispersion? 冲击vs响应性:是什么驱动时变离散度?

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3386/w23143

David Berger, Joseph Vavra

引用次数: 26

The Uptick in Income Segregation: Real Trend or Random Sampling Variance 收入隔离的加剧:真实趋势还是随机抽样方差

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3386/w23656

J. Logan, A. Foster, Jun Ke, Fan Li

{"title":"The Uptick in Income Segregation: Real Trend or Random Sampling Variance","authors":"J. Logan, A. Foster, Jun Ke, Fan Li","doi":"10.3386/w23656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23656","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have reported a reversal of an earlier trend in income segregation in metropolitan regions, from a decline in the 1990s to an increase in the 2000-2010 decade. This finding reinforces concerns about the growing overall income inequality in the U.S. since the 1970s. Yet the evidence may be systematically biased to show an upward trend because the effective sample for the American Community Survey (ACS) is much smaller than it was for Census 2000, to which it is being compared. There is a possibility that the apparent changes in disparities across census tracts result partly from a higher level of sampling variation and bias due to the smaller sample. This study uses 100% microdata from the 1940 census to simulate the impact of different sampling rates on estimates of several measures of segregation and to propose and test the effectiveness of approaches to correcting the bias. It then applies those approaches to publicly available data for 2000 and 2007-2011. The reduction in sample sizes associated with the ACS results in exaggeration of evidence for increasing income segregation for all measures tested here, especially for subgroups (African Americans are studied here as an example). The methods of correction applied here will yield more conclusive and unbiased results when applied to the original sample data that is held internally by the Census Bureau.","PeriodicalId":18934,"journal":{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80876045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

It's Not the Thought that Counts: A Field Experiment on Gift Exchange and Giving at a Public University 思想不重要:一所公立大学关于礼物交换和赠送的实地实验

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2016-11-23 DOI: 10.3386/W22867

Catherine C. Eckel, David H. Herberich, J. Meer

{"title":"It's Not the Thought that Counts: A Field Experiment on Gift Exchange and Giving at a Public University","authors":"Catherine C. Eckel, David H. Herberich, J. Meer","doi":"10.3386/W22867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W22867","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important outstanding questions in fundraising is whether donor premiums, or gifts to prospective donors, are effective in increasing donations. Donors may be motivated by reciprocity, making premium recipients more likely to donate and give larger donations. Or donors may dislike premiums, preferring instead to maximize the value of their donations to the charity; in this case donor premiums would be ineffective. We conduct a field experiment in conjunction with the fundraising campaign of a major university to examine these questions. Treatments include a control, an unconditional premium with two gift quality levels, and a set of conditional premium treatments. The conditional treatments include opt-out and opt-in conditions to test whether donors prefer to forego premiums. Compared with the control, donors are twice as likely to give when they receive an unconditional, high-quality gift. The low-quality unconditional and all conditional premiums have little impact on the likelihood or level of giving. Donors do not respond negatively to premiums: rates of giving do not suffer when premiums are offered. In addition, few opt out given the opportunity to do so, indicating that they like gifts, and suggesting that reciprocity rather than altruism determines the impact of premiums on giving.","PeriodicalId":18934,"journal":{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81043067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The Consequences of Long-Term Unemployment: Evidence from Linked Survey and Administrative Data 长期失业的后果:来自相关调查和行政数据的证据

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2016-09-22 DOI: 10.3386/W22665

Katharine G. Abraham, J. Haltiwanger, Kristin Sandusky, James R. Spletzer

{"title":"The Consequences of Long-Term Unemployment: Evidence from Linked Survey and Administrative Data","authors":"Katharine G. Abraham, J. Haltiwanger, Kristin Sandusky, James R. Spletzer","doi":"10.3386/W22665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W22665","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the long-term unemployed fare worse in the labor market than the short-term unemployed, but less clear why this is so. One potential explanation is that the long-term unemployed are “bad apples” who had poorer prospects from the outset of their spells (heterogeneity). Another is that their bad outcomes are a consequence of the extended unemployment they have experienced (state dependence). We use Current Population Survey (CPS) data on unemployed individuals linked to wage records for the same people to distinguish between these competing explanations. For each person in our sample, we have wage record data that cover the period from 20 quarters before to 11 quarters after the quarter in which the person is observed in the CPS. This gives us rich information about prior and subsequent work histories not available to previous researchers that we use to control for individual heterogeneity that might be affecting subsequent labor market outcomes. Even with these controls in place, we find that unemployment duration has a strongly negative effect on the likelihood of subsequent employment. This result is robust to efforts to account for differences in labor market circumstances that might affect job-finding success rates. The findings are inconsistent with the heterogeneity (“bad apple”) explanation for why the long-term unemployed fare worse than the short-term unemployed and lend support to the state dependence explanation for the negative association between unemployment duration and subsequent employment rates. We also find that longer unemployment durations are associated with lower subsequent earnings, though this is mainly attributable to the long-term unemployed having a lower likelihood of subsequent employment rather than to their having lower earnings once a job is found.","PeriodicalId":18934,"journal":{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83905448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Bringing Real Market Participants' Real Preferences into the Lab: An Experiment that Changed the Course Allocation Mechanism at Wharton 将真实市场参与者的真实偏好带入实验室:一个改变沃顿商学院课程分配机制的实验

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/w22448

Eric Budish, Judd B. Kessler

引用次数: 19

External and Internal Validity of a Geographic Quasi-Experiment Embedded in Cluster-Randomized Experiment 嵌入聚类随机实验的地理拟实验的外部和内部有效性

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.1108/S0731-905320170000038009

Sebastian Galiani, Patrick J. McEwan, B. Quistorff

引用次数: 5

Who's the Boss? The Effect of Strong Leadership on Employee Turnover 谁是老板?强领导对员工离职的影响

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/W22383

S. Carter, W. Dudley, David S. Lyle, John Z. Smith

引用次数: 10

Debt Crises: For Whom the Bell Tolls 债务危机:丧钟为谁而鸣

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.3386/W22330

Harold L. Cole, Harold L. Cole, Daniel Neuhann, Guillermo Ordoñez, Guillermo Ordoñez

引用次数: 32

Sentiments and Economic Activity: Evidence from U.S. States 情绪与经济活动:来自美国各州的证据

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2016-05-03 DOI: 10.24148/WP2016-19

J. Benhabib, M. Spiegel

引用次数: 13

The Effect of Single-Sex Education on Test Scores, School Completion, Arrests, and Teen Motherhood: Evidence from School Transitions 单性别教育对考试成绩、完成学业、逮捕和青少年母亲的影响:来自学校转型的证据

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.3386/W22222

C. Jackson

引用次数: 11