National Bureau of Economic Research最新文献

Basic Income and the Dynamics of Employment and Human Capital in a Non-Urban Disadvantaged Setting 非城市弱势环境下的基本收入与就业和人力资本动态

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.3386/w33891

Jorge Luis García, Patrick Warren, Lynn Ann Watson

引用次数: 1

The Long-Run Impacts of Banning Affirmative Action in US Higher Education 禁止平权法案对美国高等教育的长期影响

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3386/w32778

Francisca Antman, Brian Duncan, Michael Lovenheim

{"title":"The Long-Run Impacts of Banning Affirmative Action in US Higher Education","authors":"Francisca Antman, Brian Duncan, Michael Lovenheim","doi":"10.3386/w32778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32778","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the long-run impacts of banning affirmative action on men and women from under-represented minority (URM) racial and ethnic groups in the United States.Using data from the US Census and American Community Survey, we use a difference-in-differences framework to compare the college degree completion, graduate degree completion, earnings, and employment of URM individuals to non-URM individuals before and after affirmative action bans went into effect across several US states.We also employ event study analyses and alternative estimators to confirm the validity of our approach and discuss the generalizability of the findings.Results suggest that banning affirmative action results in a decline in URM women's college degree completion, earnings, and employment relative to non-Hispanic White women, driven largely by impacts on Hispanic women.Thus, affirmative action bans resulted in an increase in racial/ethnic disparities in both college degree completion and earnings among women.Effects on URM men are more ambiguous and indicate significant heterogeneity across states, with some estimates pointing to a possible positive impact on labor market outcomes of Black men.These results suggest that the relative magnitude of college quality versus mismatch effects vary for URM men and women and highlight the importance of disaggregating results by gender, race, and ethnicity.We conclude by discussing how our results compare with others in the literature and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":18934,"journal":{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Tax Incentives for Charitable Giving: New Findings from the TCJA 慈善捐赠的税收激励：来自TCJA的新发现

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/w32737

Xiao Han, Daniel Hungerman, Mark Ottoni–Wilhelm

引用次数: 7

Using Satellite Imagery to Detect the Impacts of New Highways: An Application to India 利用卫星图像检测新公路的影响：在印度的应用

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3386/w32047

Kathryn Baragwanath Vogel, Gordon Hanson, Amit Khandelwal, Chen Liu, Hogeun Park

引用次数: 1

Five Myths About Carbon Pricing 关于碳定价的五大误区

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/w31104

Gilbert E. Metcalf

引用次数: 3

Maximum Employment and the Participation Cycle 最大就业和参与周期

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3386/w29222

B. Hobijn, A. Sahin

{"title":"Maximum Employment and the Participation Cycle","authors":"B. Hobijn, A. Sahin","doi":"10.3386/w29222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w29222","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the source, magnitude, and unevenness of the procyclical forces that shape labor force participation, i.e., the participation cycle, which are important for the implementation of the maximum employment mandate. We show that these forces can be analyzed in real time using a flow decomposition of the changes in the labor force participation rate. The decomposition reveals that the source of the participation cycle is fluctuations in job-loss and job-finding rates, rather than cyclical movements in labor force entry and exit rates. The magnitude of the participation cycle is large. Cyclical downward pressures on employment from participation are two-thirds that of unemployment. Moreover, the participation cycle delays the recovery in employment because it lags the unemployment cycle. It also amplifies the unevenness of the impact of recessions. Groups that see large increases in their unemployment rates also experience more pronounced participation cycles. Despite differences in their magnitudes, the source of the participation cycle is the same for all groups. Application of our method to the COVID-19 Recession suggests that, as of June 2021, the bulk of the drop in the participation rate since the onset of the pandemic is cyclical and that the cyclical recovery in participation likely will trail that of the unemployment rate.","PeriodicalId":18934,"journal":{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85324977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Gay Politics Goes Mainstream: Democrats, Republicans, and Same-Sex Relationships 同性恋政治走向主流:民主党、共和党和同性关系

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.3386/W29062

Raquel Fernández, Sahar Parsa

引用次数: 2

Which Markets (Don't) Drive Pharmaceutical Innovation? Evidence From U.S. Medicaid Expansions 哪些市场(不)推动制药创新?来自美国医疗补助扩张的证据

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.3386/W28755

Craig L. Garthwaite, Rebecca M. Sachs, A. Stern

引用次数: 4

Welfare and Output with Income Effects and Taste Shocks 收入效应与品味冲击下的福利与产出

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.3386/W28754

D. Baqaee, Ariel T. Burstein

引用次数: 18

School Reopenings, Mobility, and COVID-19 Spread: Evidence from Texas 学校复课、流动性和COVID-19传播:来自德克萨斯州的证据

National Bureau of Economic Research Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28753

Charles Courtemanche, A. Le, Aaron Yelowitz, R. Zimmer

{"title":"School Reopenings, Mobility, and COVID-19 Spread: Evidence from Texas","authors":"Charles Courtemanche, A. Le, Aaron Yelowitz, R. Zimmer","doi":"10.3386/W28753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W28753","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of fall 2020 school reopenings in Texas on county-level COVID-19 cases and fatalities. Previous evidence suggests that schools can be reopened safely if community spread is low and public health guidelines are followed. However, in Texas, reopenings often occurred alongside high community spread and at near capacity, making it difficult to meet social distancing recommendations. Using event-study models and hand-collected instruction modality and start dates for all school districts, we find robust evidence that reopening Texas schools gradually but substantially accelerated the community spread of COVID-19. Results from our preferred specification imply that school reopenings led to at least 43,000 additional COVID-19 cases and 800 additional fatalities within the first two months. We then use SafeGraph mobility data to provide evidence that spillovers to adults’ behaviors contributed to these large effects. Median time spent outside the home on a typical weekday increased substantially in neighborhoods with large numbers of school-age children, suggesting a return to in-person work or increased outside-of-home leisure activities among parents.","PeriodicalId":18934,"journal":{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81757441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38