Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report最新文献

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Increase in Human and Animal Tularemia Cases - Minnesota, 2024.","authors":"Maria Bye,Jordan Mandli,Aaron Barnes,Elizabeth Schiffman,Kirk Smith,Stacy Holzbauer","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7413a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7413a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"44 1","pages":"227-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Norovirus Outbreaks Associated with Consumption of Oysters Harvested in Mexico - California, December 2023-January 2024.","authors":"Sophie Zhu,Christina Grant,Chao-Yang Pan,Brandon Adcock,Annie Kao,Sarah Stous,Lisa Yee,Olivia Springfield,Madeline Poranski,Audrey Kennar,Mark Beatty,Seema Shah,Heather Watson,Heather Buonomo,Anna Liza M Manlutac,Heriberto Lima,Devon Mendez,Bianca Clark,Marifi Pulido,Melina Bakshi,Charlene Contreras,Nicole Green,Taylor Burleson,Jenafer Forester,Stephen W Klish,Matthew Feaster,Elizabeth V Taylor,Nora Balanji,Vanna Kho,April Hatada,Chelsea Wright,Christina Morales,Melissa Abbott,Floyd Raymond Burditt,Elisa Elliot,Jessica L Jones,Marshall Kinsey,Michael Lombardi,Kristina Phelps,Jaquelina W Woods,Akiko Kimura,Katherine Lamba","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7413a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7413a2","url":null,"abstract":"Norovirus is the most common cause of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States. In January 2024, local health jurisdictions and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) identified two concurrent norovirus outbreaks across eight Southern California local health jurisdictions. CDPH was notified in late December 2023 and early January 2024 of gastrointestinal illnesses in persons who consumed raw oysters from food service facilities in San Diego County (outbreak 1). Additional illness reports came from multiple jurisdictions that included Los Angeles County and other areas in Southern California (outbreak 2). In total, approximately 400 persons across eight local health jurisdictions reported gastrointestinal illness after raw oyster consumption. A multiagency investigation confirmed that outbreaks 1 and 2 were unrelated, and implicated oysters were traced to two separate, nonoverlapping harvest regions in Mexico. A total of 179 outbreak-associated cases, including 24 laboratory-confirmed norovirus cases, were identified. Patient samples from both outbreaks identified norovirus genogroups I and II; other enteric viruses (sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus) were also identified from one or both outbreaks. Noroviruses were genetically related by genotype within each outbreak but dissimilar between outbreaks. In outbreak 2, oysters might have been contaminated at a location separate from the original growing area, also known as wet storage. Concurrent outbreaks with similar modes of transmission can be unrelated, and the source for each should be confirmed through traceback. Proper storage and handling of shellfish is essential to maintaining safety of food products to consumers. Cooking oysters to 145°F (62.8°C) is recommended before consumption.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"9 1","pages":"222-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Recreational Nitrous Oxide Misuse - Michigan, 2019-2023.","authors":"Varun Vohra,Hannah Matthews,Gabrielle Stroh-Steiner","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7412a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7412a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"90 1","pages":"210-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routes of Marijuana Use - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 22 U.S. States and Two Territories, 2022.","authors":"Zerleen S Quader,Douglas R Roehler,Alana M Vivolo-Kantor,Jean Y Ko","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7412a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7412a1","url":null,"abstract":"Access to and use of cannabis in the United States has increased as new product types emerge in the marketplace, and as additional states legalize its use for medical and nonmedical purposes. To tailor education messages for preventing adverse health effects of cannabis use, understanding the routes of use of these products in the general population is important. The 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System included a newly revised optional marijuana module comprising questions on marijuana routes of use among adults aged ≥18 years who used marijuana during the past 30 days (current use). Twenty-two states and two territories administered the optional marijuana module in 2022. Weighted prevalences (with 95% CIs) of current and daily or near-daily marijuana use, as well as prevalence of each route of use, were reported overall and by demographic characteristics and, among women aged ≤49 years, by pregnancy status. Among the 15.3% of respondents who reported current marijuana use, smoking was the most frequent route (79.4%), followed by eating (41.6%), vaping (30.3%), and dabbing (inhaling heated concentrated cannabis) (14.6%). Vaping and dabbing were most prevalent among persons aged 18-24 years. Intervention measures intended for persons who smoke cannabis are important; however, understanding health outcomes associated with other routes of use might have substantial public benefit.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"5 1","pages":"198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Substance Prescribing Patterns Among Fatal Overdose Decedents with an Opioid, Stimulant, or Both Contributing to Death - Pennsylvania, 2017-2022.","authors":"Stephanie Hayden,Stanley M Murzynski,Ashley Bolton,Carrie Thomas Goetz","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7412a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7412a2","url":null,"abstract":"Psychostimulant (stimulant)-related overdose death rates have increased sharply in the United States since 2010, and in 2022, 32% of all U.S. overdose deaths involved stimulants. Data on deaths during 2017-2022 from CDC's State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System were linked to 2014-2022 Pennsylvania Prescription Drug Monitoring Program data; the Pennsylvania Department of Health's Office of Drug Surveillance and Misuse Prevention analyzed controlled substance dispensation patterns during the 3 years preceding death among overdose decedents for whom opioids, stimulants, or both contributed to death; statistical analyses were performed on prescription drug dispensation patterns. Comparing overdose deaths in 2022 with those in 2017, deaths involving opioids without stimulants decreased from 2,974 to 1,995, deaths involving stimulants without opioids increased from 300 to 549, and deaths involving both opioids and stimulants increased from 1,703 to 2,346. Irrespective of whether an opioid, stimulant, or both contributed to death, decedents filled more opioid (67.7%, 74.1%, and 63.9%, respectively) than stimulant (10.6%, 11.6%, and 13.4%, respectively) prescriptions preceding death. A higher proportion of stimulant overdose decedents without an opioid contributing to death (74.1%) filled opioid prescriptions compared with decedents whose deaths involved opioids without stimulants or both opioids and stimulants (67.7% and 63.9%, respectively). Opioid prescribing, rather than stimulant prescribing, might be an important potential risk factor for stimulant-related overdose death.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"14 1","pages":"205-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Suicidal Thoughts and Knowing Someone Who Died by Suicide Among Adults - United States, 2023.","authors":"Bhavna Singichetti,Jing Wang,Robin Lee,Michael F Ballesteros,Karin A Mack","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7412a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7412a4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"183 1","pages":"213-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps in Mental Health Care-Seeking Among Health Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, September 2022-May 2023.","authors":"Anthony Papa,John P Barile,Haomiao Jia,William W Thompson,Rebecca J Guerin","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7402a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7402a1","url":null,"abstract":"Health care workers experience substantial chronic stress, burnout, and mental distress, and the COVID-19 pandemic might have exacerbated these conditions. To identify ways to improve mental health care-seeking among this population, mental health symptoms, care-seeking, and self-reported barriers to seeking mental health care among U.S. health care providers during the pandemic were studied. During September 2022-May 2023, 2,603 primary care physicians, pediatricians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants participated in a national Internet panel survey. Approximately one half (45.4%) of participants reported that they did not need mental health care, and only one in five (20.3%) had sought care. One quarter (25.6%) of providers reported mental distress severe enough to meet diagnostic criteria for psychopathology. Among these providers, only 38% reported seeking care; 20.1% indicated that they did not need care, despite severe symptoms. The average number of years in practice was lower for providers reporting care-seeking. Providers who identified as female were also more likely to report care-seeking. The most frequently reported barriers to care-seeking included difficulty getting time off from work, cost of care, and concerns about confidentiality. Increased pandemic-related work stressors were associated with increased symptom severity, but support from work supervisors mitigated these effects. Organizational human resources practices, supervisor training on managing employee stress, and public health messaging to normalize mental health care-seeking and its effects on licensing might help address gaps in provider care-seeking and improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"22 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Outbreaks of Legionnaires Disease Associated with Outdoor Hot Tubs for Private Use - Two Cruise Ships, November 2022-July 2024.","authors":"Sooji Lee,Chris Edens,Troy Ritter,Luis O Rodriguez,Kara Tardivel,Natalia A Kozak-Muiznieks,Melisa Willby,Nancy Ortiz,Adam L Cohen,Jessica C Smith","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7342a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7342a3","url":null,"abstract":"Legionnaires disease is a serious pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. During November 2022-June 2024, CDC was notified of 12 cases of Legionnaires disease among travelers on two cruise ships; eight on cruise ship A and four on cruise ship B. CDC, in collaboration with the cruise lines, initiated investigations to ascertain the potential sources of on-board exposure after notification of the second potentially associated case for each ship. Epidemiologic data collected from patient interviews and environmental assessment and sampling results identified private hot tubs on selected cabin balconies as the most likely exposure source. To minimize Legionella growth, both cruise lines modified the operation and maintenance of these devices by removing the heating elements, draining water between uses, and increasing the frequency of hyperchlorination and cleaning. Hot tubs offer favorable conditions for Legionella growth and transmission when maintained and operated inadequately, regardless of location. Private hot tubs on cruise ships are not subject to the same maintenance requirements as are public hot tubs in common areas. Given the range of hot tub-type devices offered as amenities across the cruise industry, to reduce risk for Legionella growth and transmission, it is important for cruise ship water management program staff members to inventory and assess private balcony hot tubs and adapt public hot tub maintenance and operations protocols for use on private outdoor hot tubs.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"78 1","pages":"950-954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locally Acquired (Autochthonous) Mosquito-Transmitted Plasmodium vivax Malaria - Saline County, Arkansas, September 2023.","authors":"Ashleah P Courtney,Bobby L Boyanton,Paige V Strebeck,Keith Blount,Savanna Ledford,Alison D Ridpath,Kimberly E Mace,Cherie Smith,Kelley Garner,Catherine Waters,Michael J Cima,Naveen Patil,Peter D McElroy,Brian H Raphael,Sarah G H Sapp,Yvonne Qvarnstrom,Audrey Lenhart,Alice Sutcliffe,,Theresa M Dulski,Laura Rothfeldt","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7342a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7342a2","url":null,"abstract":"A case of locally acquired (autochthonous) mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium vivax malaria was diagnosed in Arkansas in September 2023. This represents the 10th autochthonous case identified nationally in 2023, after 20 years without recorded local mosquitoborne malaria transmission in the United States. The public health response included case investigation, active case surveillance, mosquito surveillance and control, assessment of medical countermeasures, and clinical and public outreach. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of malaria can improve clinical outcomes and, in addition to vector control, minimize risk for local transmission. Clinicians should consider malaria among patients who have traveled to countries where malaria is endemic, or with unexplained fever regardless of travel history. Although the risk for autochthonous malaria in the United States remains very low, its reemergence highlights the importance of vectorborne disease preparedness and response. Examples of such efforts include improving awareness among clinicians, access to diagnostics and antimalarial medications, and capacity for mosquito surveillance and control. Collaboration and communication among CDC, health departments, local jurisdictions, clinicians, hospitals, laboratories, and the public can support rapid malaria diagnosis, prevention, and control. Before traveling internationally to areas where malaria is endemic, travelers should consult with their health care provider regarding recommended malaria prevention measures, including chemoprophylaxis and precautions to avoid mosquito bites, to reduce both personal and community risk.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"2 1","pages":"646-649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Circulation of Omicron XBB and JN.1 Lineages - United States, May 2023-September 2024.","authors":"Kevin C Ma,Juan Castro,Anastasia S Lambrou,Erica Billig Rose,Peter W Cook,Dhwani Batra,Caelin Cubenas,Laura J Hughes,Duncan R MacCannell,Paritra Mandal,Neha Mittal,Mili Sheth,Casey Smith,Amber Winn,Aron J Hall,David E Wentworth,Benjamin J Silk,Natalie J Thornburg,Clinton R Paden","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7342a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7342a1","url":null,"abstract":"CDC continues to track the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron variant and its descendants, using national genomic surveillance. This report summarizes U.S. trends in variant proportion estimates during May 2023-September 2024, a period when SARS-CoV-2 lineages primarily comprised descendants of Omicron variants XBB and JN.1. During summer and fall 2023, multiple descendants of XBB with immune escape substitutions emerged and reached >10% prevalence, including EG.5-like lineages by June 24, FL.1.5.1-like lineages by August 5, HV.1 lineage by September 30, and HK.3-like lineages by November 11. In winter 2023, the JN.1 variant emerged in the United States and rapidly attained predominance nationwide, representing a substantial genetic shift (>30 spike protein amino acid differences) from XBB lineages. Descendants of JN.1 subsequently circulated and reached >10% prevalence, including KQ.1-like and KP.2-like lineages by April 13, KP.3 and LB.1-like lineages by May 25, and KP.3.1.1 by July 20. Surges in COVID-19 cases occurred in winter 2024 during the shift to JN.1 predominance, as well as in summer 2023 and 2024 during circulation of multiple XBB and JN.1 descendants, respectively. The ongoing evolution of the Omicron variant highlights the importance of continued genomic surveillance to guide medical countermeasure development, including the selection of antigens for updated COVID-19 vaccines.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"60 1","pages":"938-945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}