Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report最新文献

{"title":"Interim Estimates of 2025-26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, September 2025-February 2026.","authors":"Patrick Maloney,Emily L Reeves,Kristina Wielgosz,Ashley M Price,Karthik Natarajan,Malini B DeSilva,Kristin Dascomb,Nicola P Klein,Sara Y Tartof,Stephanie A Irving,Shaun J Grannis,Toan C Ong,Zachary A Weber,Jennifer E Schuster,Danielle M Zerr,Marian G Michaels,Julie A Boom,Natasha B Halasa,Mary A Staat,Geoffrey A Weinberg,Stacey L House,Elie A Saade,Krissy Moehling Geffel,Manjusha Gaglani,Karen J Wernli,Vel Murugan,Emily T Martin,Natalie A B Bontrager,Marie K Kirby,Amanda B Payne,Fatimah S Dawood,Ayzsa Tannis,Heidi L Moline,Sifang Kathy Zhao,Katherine Adams,Jennifer DeCuir,Samantha M Olson,Jessie R Chung,Nathaniel Lewis,Brendan Flannery,Carrie Reed,Shikha Garg,Sascha Ellington, , ","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a2","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months, including during the 2025-26 season. Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates were calculated for patients with acute respiratory illness-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from three U.S. respiratory virus VE networks during the 2025-26 influenza season, using a test-negative case-control design. Among children and adolescents aged <18 years, VE was 38%-41% against influenza outpatient visits and 41% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE was 22%-34% against influenza outpatient visits and 30% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A ranged from 37% (against outpatient visits) to 42% (against hospitalization) across settings; among adults, VE against influenza A ranged from 30% (against hospitalization) to 34% (against outpatient visits) across settings. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A(H3N2)-associated outpatient visits was 35% and against influenza A(H3N2)-associated hospitalization was 38%. VE against influenza B outpatient visits ranged from 45%-71% among children and adolescents and was 63% among adults. Other estimates of VE were not statistically significant or were not reportable. Although interim influenza VE is lower during the 2025-26 influenza season than it was during recent influenza seasons, these findings demonstrate that influenza vaccination still provides protection against influenza. CDC recommends influenza vaccination; U.S. influenza vaccines remain available for persons aged ≥6 months.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"8 1 1","pages":"116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles Outbreak - New Mexico, 2025.","authors":"Emma Stanislawski,Andrea Romero,Nora Holzinger,Ruth Healy,Nathaniel J Webb,Kathryn Cruz,Marla Sievers,Su Aung,Samantha Swisher,Ruth Stefanos,Jennifer Yara-Zelenski,Aaron D Kofman,Rebecca Pierce,Chisom Onyeuku,Kara McGinnis Pilote,Jessica Leung,Chad Smelser","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a1","url":null,"abstract":"Measles is a highly contagious respiratory virus with the potential to cause large outbreaks, as well as serious complications, hospitalization, and death. Receipt of 2 doses of measles vaccine is 97% effective at preventing disease and is recommended for all persons aged ≥12 months to ensure high levels of population immunity and reduce the risk for outbreaks. In January 2025, a large measles outbreak began in a west Texas community and quickly spread to nearby jurisdictions, including New Mexico. The New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH) eventually reported 99 outbreak-related measles cases, approximately one half of which occurred in adults. To facilitate dissemination of information and distribution of resources across a geographically large, rural state, NMDOH implemented a multimodal communication and vaccination outreach strategy, including a centralized webpage, a telephone helpline, and mobile vaccination clinics. The outreach strategy coincided with a statewide 55% increase in MMR vaccine doses administered during January 1-September 26, 2025, compared with the same period in 2024. Coordinating public communication and improving access to MMR vaccine can support vaccine administration across large, rural areas and contribute to a measles outbreak response.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"52 1","pages":"111-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim Estimates of 2025-26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - California, October 2025-January 2026.","authors":"Sophie Zhu,Joshua Quint,Tomás M León,Nancy J Li,Shantel Muldrew,Charsey Porse,Brendan Flannery,Sascha Ellington,Erin L Murray,Darpun Sachdev,Kalyani McCullough,Robert Schechter","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a3","url":null,"abstract":"Interim estimates of state-level influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) can help guide timely local public health actions for prevention and treatment of influenza. Linked influenza vaccination and public health influenza surveillance data from California allowed estimation of interim influenza VE by comparing the odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among persons who received positive and negative influenza test results reported to the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) using a case-control study design. During October 1, 2025-January 31, 2026, a total of 952,765 influenza laboratory test results were reported to CDPH. These data were analyzed, including results for 86,369 (9%) persons with receipt of a positive influenza test result (case-patients) and 866,396 (91%) with receipt of a negative test result (control patients). Overall, 22% of case-patients and 27% of control patients were vaccinated against influenza. Interim VE against any influenza was 33% for all age groups, 39% for children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years, and 22% for adults aged ≥65 years; VE was 32% against a positive influenza A test result, and 47% against a positive influenza B test result. These results suggest that influenza vaccination was associated with reduced odds for laboratory-confirmed influenza among children and adults. CDPH recommends annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged ≥6 months to reduce the risk for influenza and influenza-associated adverse health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"15 1","pages":"124-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Exposures to Chemical Munitions During Commercial Fishing Operations - New Jersey, 2016-2023.","authors":"Ryan Snead,Marija Borjan,Virginia Wheatley,Katharine McGreevy,Danielle Mills","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"50 1","pages":"108-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection and Complications Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients - United States, January 2021-September 2025.","authors":"Ian Kracalik,Pallavi Annambhotla,David W McCormick,Andrew I Geller,Kelsey McDavid,Isabel Griffin,Raymond Lynch,Brianna Doby,Yoichiro Natori,Sofya Tokman,Christine M Durand,Camille N Kotton,Emily Blumberg,Ricardo M La Hoz,Lauri A Hicks,Stephanie M Pouch,Sridhar V Basavaraju, ","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a1","url":null,"abstract":"Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection is the cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), certain lymphoproliferative disorders, and the inflammatory condition Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). In solid organ transplant recipients, KSHV-related complications can result from reactivation of latent infection, new posttransplant infection, or transmission of virus from the transplanted organ. However, testing of donors and recipients is not routinely performed. During January 2021-September 2025, after transplantation of 185 organs into 153 recipients, 46 deceased donors were identified whose transplanted organs were suspected of having transmitted KSHV, approximately five times the number of such donors (nine) reported during 2016-2020. As of February 2026, a posttransplantation KSHV infection has been identified among 74 (48%) of these 153 transplant recipients. Among the 74 recipients with KSHV infection, 45 (61%) developed KS; 10 (14%) of these recipients with KS also developed a lymphoproliferative disorder (multicentric Castleman disease [eight], posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder [one], and primary effusion lymphoma [one]) and six (8%) developed KICS; four (5%) recipients developed a lymphoproliferative disorder alone (primary effusion lymphoma [one] and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder [three]); and one (1%) developed KICS alone. To date, 25 (16%) of the 153 transplant recipients have died. Most donors and recipients were HIV-negative, and nonmedical drug use was common among donors. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for KSHV in transplant recipients, particularly when donors have risk factors including nonmedical drug use, or when another recipient from the same donor is found to be infected. Development and implementation of effective testing strategies and timely reporting could guide clinical management, reduce risk for KSHV-related complications, and improve transplant safety.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"324 1","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Congenital Rubella Syndrome - Florida, 2025.","authors":"Mohammad Alak,Manuel Taffanelli Latorre,Patricia Morrill Foster,Jennifer Armstrong,Fatma Levent,Min-Hsin Chen,Timothy J Doyle","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"106-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Maximizing Tuberculosis Testing After a School-Based Exposure - Lake County, Illinois, 2025.","authors":"Amy Zun,Nicolette Meyer,Denise Flores,Tom Mohr,Patricia Aguirre,Tania Rios,Sunu Mathew,Monica Bates,Gabriela Ocampo,Patricia Brady,Patricia Corn,Emily Young,Bree Kingshott,Sara Zamor,Lisa Kritz,Sana Shireen Ahmed","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7504a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7504a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"93 1","pages":"55-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles Outbreak Associated with an Infectious Traveler - Colorado, May-June 2025.","authors":"Amanda R Metz,Meghan Barnes,Kevin Andresen,Ginger Stringer,Nicole Comstock,Alexis Burakoff,Shannon R Matzinger,Leslee Warren,Marigny Klaber,Melissa Orozco,Si Ning Chan,Jennifer J Fowler,Shannon L Gearhart,Molly B Nicholson,Rachel Herlihy","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7504a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7504a1","url":null,"abstract":"Measles is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable viral disease. Successful vaccination programs resulted in limited measles transmission in the United States in 2000, but U.S. cases have been increasing since early 2025. On May 20, 2025, CDC notified the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment of a measles case in an unvaccinated, non-Colorado resident who had arrived in Denver, Colorado, on an international flight and traveled through the Denver International Airport while infectious. The patient acquired measles in the United States before travelling internationally. Nine secondary measles cases and one tertiary case associated with this traveler were confirmed among Colorado residents; seven additional cases were reported by other jurisdictions. Four of the nine secondary Colorado cases occurred among persons who had received 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine before exposure. Two of these vaccinated persons received negative measles reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results from nasopharyngeal swab specimens and positive results from urine specimens. A third patient, with unknown measles vaccination status, received a positive urine RT-PCR test result 24 days after rash onset. Three unvaccinated patients and one with unknown vaccination status were hospitalized, and all recovered. All patients reported having a rash, but vaccinated patients reported fewer and milder symptoms overall. This outbreak highlights the importance of staying up to date with recommended vaccinations, especially before traveling. Routinely collecting urine specimens for measles testing could improve identification of cases and increase detection sensitivity, especially among previously vaccinated persons.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"23 1","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Violence Perpetration by Men Aged 18-24 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Who Were Exposed to Violence During Childhood - Eight Countries, 2018-2023.","authors":"Stephanie Spaid Miedema,Sarah A Matthews,Francis B Annor,Andrés Villaveces,Phumzile Mndzebele,Michelle R Adler,Michelle Li,Kelly Ann Gordon Johnson,Denese McFarlane,Paul Rashad Young,Shelly Ann Edwards,Deidra Coy,Caroline Kambona,Elizabeth Washika,António Candeiro,Raquel Cossa de Pinho,Norbert Forster,Peter A Minchella,Rahimisa Kamuingona,Laura F Chiang","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7503a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7503a2","url":null,"abstract":"Violence is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young adults in low- and middle-income countries. Men aged 18-24 years (young men) account for the majority of victims and perpetrators of many types of interpersonal violence. Childhood experiences, such as exposure to emotional, physical, or sexual violence or witnessing violence in their homes or communities, might increase risk for perpetration of violence in adulthood. Data from eight Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys conducted in low- and middle-income countries during 2018-2023 were analyzed to assess prevalence of physical and sexual violence perpetration by young men and associations of these events with their exposure to violence during childhood. Lifetime prevalence of physical or sexual violence perpetration among young men was common in all countries and ranged from 12.4% in Eswatini to 44.9% in Côte d'Ivoire. Physical violence victimization or witnessing violence in the household or community before age 18 years was associated with increased odds of violence perpetration among young men in all eight countries after adjusting for demographic covariates and childhood adversity indicators. Efforts to prevent exposure to violence during childhood, a pivotal developmental period, might reduce perpetration of violence by young men and create safer and more secure homes and communities.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"69 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuity of Care for Patients with Tuberculosis Relocating to Other Countries - CureTB Program, 2016-2023.","authors":"Carlos Vera-Garcia,Omar Duran-Pena,Manuel Ramirez,Laura Vonnahme,Michelle Sandoval-Rosario,Arnold Vang,Arielle Lasry,Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7503a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7503a1","url":null,"abstract":"Patients who have received a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) disease face barriers to continuing and completing TB treatment when they relocate between countries, potentially resulting in lower treatment completion rates. Treatment for TB disease can range from 6 months to more than 2 years in duration; failure to complete treatment increases the risk for TB transmission and emergence of drug resistance. CDC's CureTB program makes follow-up TB care referrals for persons relocating to or from the United States, either as temporary visitors or when returning to their home countries, by providing information directly to public health authorities at patients' destinations. To evaluate program performance, public health officials examined 2016-2023 CureTB referral outcomes and treatment completion rates. Among 6,944 referral requests received from U.S. or foreign authorities during 2016-2023, approximately one half (3,912; 56%) were for patients with suspected TB, and approximately one third (2,404; 35%) were for patients with confirmed TB. Among patients who had received a diagnosis of TB for whom a request for a referral was made, CureTB made referrals for 1,741 (72%), including 1,622 (93%) persons relocating to other countries and 119 (7%) relocating to U.S. destinations. Referrals were not required for 522 (22%) persons, and referrals could not be completed for 141 (6%) because information needed to contact the patient was insufficient. Overall, within 12 months of referral, 1,379 (79%) of 1,741 referred patients completed treatment. Among 1,287 (74%) referred patients for whom data on timing of initiation of care were available, treatment completion rates were highest (91%) for 637 patients linked to treatment ≤30 days after departure, followed by 89% for 505 patients linked within 1-3 months, and 85% for 145 linked within 3-12 months. Timely initiation of care can facilitate continuity of care and support completion of TB treatment. CureTB supports the global goals of reducing TB transmission, improving treatment completion rates, and enhancing progress toward TB elimination in the United States; the program can serve as a model for other countries.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}