Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report最新文献

{"title":"Baylisascariasis (Raccoon Roundworm Infection) in Two Unrelated Children - Los Angeles County, California, 2024.","authors":"Aisling M Vaughan,Dina Kamel,Michelle Chang,Laura Saucier,Susan P Montgomery,Elizabeth Wendt,Alicia H Chang,Shamim Islam,Aaron Nagiel,Betty Situ,Jamie Middleton,Dawn Terashita,Sharon Balter,Joy E Gibson,Jemma Alarcón","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7428a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7428a1","url":null,"abstract":"Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm), a parasite commonly found in raccoons (Procyon lotor), can cause severe disease in humans when it invades visceral organs or the ocular and central nervous systems. Without prompt treatment, B. procyonis infection can lead to serious complications and death. During September 2024, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health was notified of two unrelated pediatric patients with neurologic signs and symptoms consistent with baylisascariasis, including behavioral change, lethargy, and gait instability. The first case occurred in an adolescent aged 14 years who had received a previous diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and had a history of pica (i.e., ingestion of nonfood items); the second case occurred in a previously healthy child aged 15 months. Both were treated with albendazole and corticosteroids. The first patient returned to baseline neurologic status, but delays in diagnosis and treatment of the second patient resulted in severe neurologic sequelae. Epidemiologic investigations identified raccoon feces that had fallen from a rooftop latrine (i.e., a communal raccoon defecation site) as the possible source of exposure for the adolescent. No source of exposure was identified for the younger child. B. procyonis infection should be suspected and prompt treatment considered in patients with neurologic symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral blood eosinophilia (>1,000 eosinophils/mL of blood), especially young children or persons with developmental disabilities or pica. In addition, the public should be aware of exposure prevention strategies, including preventing raccoon activity around properties, avoiding exposure to raccoon feces, and safely removing raccoon latrines.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"26 1","pages":"444-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Panel Installation Workers Exposed to Pesticides During Two Agricultural Applications - Michigan, August 2023 and May 2024.","authors":"Hailey TenHarmsel,Laurel Harduar Morano,Kenneth D Rosenman","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7428a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7428a2","url":null,"abstract":"Persons who work near farmland are at risk for exposure to pesticides applied on adjoining agricultural areas. Michigan regulations allow solar panel placement on farmland and open areas near farmland. Nonagricultural workers, including construction workers installing or maintaining solar panels, working in open areas on or adjacent to farmland might be exposed to pesticides yet have little knowledge of the possible health effects. Reports to Michigan's state pesticide surveillance program from hospitals, emergency departments, the state's poison center, and emergency service companies identified two separate events, the first in August 2023 and the second in May 2024, when workers installing solar panels experienced illness after pesticide exposures. In these two events, a total of 10 solar panel installation workers reported symptoms temporally related to nearby agriculture pesticide applications. Pesticide applicator adherence to product label instructions is critical to preventing bystander exposure. Increasing awareness of the potential for pesticide exposure among nonagricultural workers near farmland might reduce risk. Employers of nonagricultural workers who are working in rural areas should be aware of agricultural activity surrounding their worksites and should consider contacting farmers to determine pesticide application schedules so that nonagricultural workers can be advised to avoid the area or wear protective equipment during application times. Local poison control centers can provide guidance on management of acute exposures.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"217 1","pages":"450-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Commercially Distributed Raw Milk - California and Four Other States, September 2023-March 2024.","authors":"Eva Weinstein,Katherine Lamba,Christian Bond,Vi Peralta,Michael Needham,Stephen Beam,Francine Arroyo,David Kiang,Yishi Chen,Seema Shah,Mark E Beatty,Stephen Klish,Akiko Kimura","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7427a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7427a1","url":null,"abstract":"Unpasteurized (raw) milk has been linked to foodborne illness outbreaks caused by Escherichia coli bacteria and certain species of Brucella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Salmonella. In October 2023, the County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency notified the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) of eight cases of salmonellosis in persons who reported consuming brand A raw milk, produced exclusively by dairy farm A. A total of 171 outbreak-associated Salmonella Typhimurium cases were identified through review of standardized salmonellosis case report forms and a search of PulseNet, CDC's national molecular subtyping network for enteric disease surveillance, followed by administration of a dairy-focused supplementary questionnaire. Most cases (98%) were identified in California; one case each was identified in four other states. Among the 171 cases, 120 (70%) cases and 18 (82%) of the cases requiring hospitalization were among children and adolescents aged <18 years. Among 159 patients confirmed to be infected with the outbreak strain, 55 (70%) of those with exposure data consumed brand A raw milk or heavy cream. Four of 40 samples collected from dairy farm A, retail stores, and patients' homes, including raw milk and raw milk cheese aged for 60 days, tested positive for the outbreak strain of S. Typhimurium by whole-genome sequencing. Dairy farm A voluntarily recalled raw milk and raw heavy cream 1 week after the initial outbreak identification. Commercially distributed raw dairy products have the potential to cause large and widespread infectious disease outbreaks. Public health authorities should continue to raise awareness of the risks associated with consuming raw dairy products, especially by persons at increased risk for severe disease from enteric pathogens, including children.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"39 1","pages":"433-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrahydrocannabinol Intoxication from Food at a Restaurant - Wisconsin, October 2024.","authors":"Amanda Kita-Yarbro,Stefanie Moccero,Katie Brobston,Jacob Goebel,Janice Block Banks,Christy Vogt,Casey Schumann,Katarina M Grande,Julia Olsen,Bonnie Armstrong","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7427a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7427a2","url":null,"abstract":"Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive substance found in Cannabis sativa plants, including varieties such as hemp, is increasingly being used in consumer products. On October 24, 2024, local emergency medical services reported to Public Health Madison & Dane County (PHMDC) in Wisconsin that since October 22, they had transported seven persons to a local hospital for various symptoms, including dizziness, sleepiness, and anxiety. All seven persons reported having recently eaten food from the same local restaurant. Investigation by PHMDC determined that on October 22, the restaurant had run out of cooking oil and used oil from a cooperative (i.e., shared) kitchen located in the same building. One of the vendors who used the kitchen made edible products using hemp-derived Δ9-THC. On October 24, PHMDC posted a food and symptom history questionnaire on its website and shared the link via press release and social media. Among 107 responses that were considered valid, 85 persons met the following case definition of THC intoxication: 1) ate pizza, garlic bread, cheese bread, or a grinder (submarine sandwich) purchased from the restaurant during October 22-24 and 2) reported at least one symptom of THC intoxication that began within 5 hours after eating the restaurant's food, defined as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, short term memory impact or time distortion, increased heart rate, nausea, paranoia, panic attack, increased blood pressure, vomiting, or hallucinations. Clinicians and public health practitioners should be alert to the possibility of mass THC intoxication events via food. Health care providers, public health professionals, and emergency responders should consider THC intoxication in persons with sudden onset of symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, altered reality perception, increased heart rate, nausea, or other symptoms of THC ingestion. Regulations regarding practices such as standard, clear labeling and locked storage for ingredients containing THC, might decrease the risk for unintentional THC exposure at licensed food businesses.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"115 1","pages":"439-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Combined Text Messaging and Online Survey Protocol for Giardiasis Case Investigation - Colorado, September 2023-May 2024.","authors":"Ingrid Hewitson,Amanda Tran,Alayna Younger,Rachel H Jervis","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7426a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7426a1","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid completion of routine patient interviews by public health practitioners is critical for disease control and prevention efforts; however, increasing numbers of cases of certain diseases, competing priorities, and limited public health resources have made interviewing patients increasingly challenging. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment implemented and evaluated a combined text messaging and online survey protocol, with no telephone communication, to collect information from persons with Giardia infections. During September 2023-May 2024, English and Spanish text messages were sent to Colorado residents with laboratory-confirmed Giardia infections reported to the Colorado EpiTrax surveillance system, inviting them to opt in to an online survey. Persons who opted in received a unique survey link via text message. Opt-in and survey completion rates were evaluated by demographic characteristics, data quality, timeliness, and time saved by staff members. Among 305 persons with Giardia who received text messages, 131 (43%) opted in, 95 (73%) of whom completed the survey, for an overall survey completion rate of 31%. The highest survey completion rates were among adults aged 35-54 years (43%), White (34%) and non-Hispanic (33%) respondents, and those who lived in urban areas (32%). The majority (69%) of respondents completed the online survey within 1 day of receipt of the initial text message. In addition, the majority (93%-100%) of respondents answered 11 selected universal questions, and 90%-96% answered potentially sensitive questions (i.e., those on sexual history). The combined text messaging and online survey protocol facilitated more rapid contact with patients and required fewer resources than telephone interviews, saving public health staff members approximately 25 minutes per case and 40 hours overall. The protocol is flexible enough to accommodate shifting priorities and could be used to collect a wide variety of public health information (e.g., for symptom monitoring, contact tracing, and collecting vaccination or health information). Efforts to increase participation might result in higher response rates and improved efficiency and could facilitate an even quicker response.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"24 1","pages":"424-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Early-Season Human Plague Transmitted from an Infected Cat - Oregon, January 2024.","authors":"Emilio DeBess,Kelly Coyle,Richard Fawcett,Ali K Hamade,Paul R Cieslak","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7426a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7426a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"7 1","pages":"430-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candida auris Containment Responses in Health Care Facilities that Provide Hemodialysis Services - New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, 2020-2023.","authors":"Alexandra Kurutz,Gabriel K Innes,Adrienne Sherman,Lakisha Kelley,Kendalyn Stephens,Patricia Kopp,Benjamin Cohen,Erin Haynes,Christopher Wilson,Simone Godwin","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7425a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7425a1","url":null,"abstract":"Candida auris, a frequently multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, poses an urgent public health threat due to its potential to spread within and between health care facilities. Facilities that offer dialysis services might face particular challenges in preventing and containing C. auris and other multidrug-resistant pathogens, given the frequent use of invasive treatments in an immune-compromised patient population. During 2020-2023, in five separate facilities providing dialysis care across four states (New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee), six patients infected or colonized with C. auris received dialysis treatment for up to 4 months; five patients' C. auris status was unknown to the facilities treating them. A review of public health response efforts carried out in these facilities was conducted. Before the facilities became aware of these patients' C. auris status, they implemented recommended standard but not C. auris-specific infection prevention and control (IPC) measures for the dialysis setting. Colonization testing of 174 potentially exposed patient contacts identified one additional patient whose previously detected C. auris colonization was not known to the dialysis facility, but no additional positive test results. Lapses in communication among health care facilities (e.g., acute care, long-term care, and dialysis) and public health jurisdictions posed a significant impediment to containment response efforts by most participating states. Adherence to standard dialysis IPC practices appeared to enable safe provision of dialysis to patients with C. auris colonization or infection without transmission to other dialysis patients. However, improved interfacility communication regarding patients' infection or colonization status with multidrug-resistant organisms is needed to ensure prompt implementation of all recommended IPC practices. More evidence is needed to understand the prevalence of and risk factors associated with C. auris transmission in the dialysis setting.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"7 1","pages":"415-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144603873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Increase in New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales - New York City, 2019-2024.","authors":"Katelynn Devinney,Nicole Burton,Karen A Alroy,Addie Crawley,Cherry-Ann Da Costa-Carter,Molly M Kratz,Ying Lin,Jorge Montfort-Gardeazabal,Thomas Portier,Celina Santiago,Ulrike Siemetzki-Kapoor,Matthew Sullivan,Rain J Wiegartner,Tristan D McPherson,William G Greendyke","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7423a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7423a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"144 1","pages":"401-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Hospitalized Children - United States, 2018-2024.","authors":"Maureen H Diaz,Adam L Hersh,Jared Olson,Samir S Shah,Matt Hall,Chris Edens","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7423a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7423a1","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common bacterial cause of respiratory infection and a leading cause of childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Increases in M. pneumoniae infection occur every 3-5 years. In the United States, M. pneumoniae prevalence decreased during and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. Information from 42 U.S. children's hospitals that provided information to the Pediatric Health Information System, a database of clinical and resource use information, was used to identify discharge diagnostic codes for 2018-2024 indicating M. pneumoniae infection. M. pneumoniae-associated CAP incidence among children aged ≤18 years was significantly higher in 2024 (12.5 per 1,000 hospitalizations) than during 2018-2023 (2.1). During the study period, an M. pneumoniae diagnostic code was listed in 11.5% of pediatric CAP hospitalizations, peaking at 53.8% in July 2024. Among pediatric M. pneumoniae CAP cases, the highest percentage occurred among children aged 6-12 years (42.6%), followed by children aged 2-5 years (25.7%) and 13-18 years (21.1%). The lowest occurred among those aged 12-23 months (6.4%) and 0-11 months (4.2%). M. pneumoniae infections in 2024 were not more severe than 2018-2023 infections, as assessed by length of hospitalization and percentage of patients admitted to an intensive care unit. The increase in M. pneumoniae infections in the United States in 2024 might be higher than previous periodic increases because the susceptible population was larger after sustained low incidence during and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care providers should be aware of the periodicity of M. pneumoniae CAP and consider testing for this pathogen as a cause of respiratory illness among children of all ages.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"7 1","pages":"394-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Parvovirus B19 Activity - United States, January 2024-May 2025.","authors":"Alfonso C Hernandez-Romieu,Kelly Carey,Stephanie Dietz,Aaron Kite-Powell,Olivia Almendares,Hannah L Kirking","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7423a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7423a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"27 1","pages":"404-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}