Nature Photonics最新文献

{"title":"Charge-depletion-enhanced WSe2 quantum emitters on gold nanogap arrays with near-unity quantum efficiency","authors":"Hongbing Cai, Abdullah Rasmita, Ruihua He, Zhaowei Zhang, Qinghai Tan, Disheng Chen, Naizhou Wang, Zhao Mu, John J. H. Eng, Yongzhi She, Nan Pan, Qian Wang, Zhaogang Dong, Xiaoping Wang, Juan Wang, Yansong Miao, Ranjan Singh, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Xiaogang Liu, Weibo Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01460-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01460-9","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving unity quantum efficiency in single-photon emitters (SPEs) is a holy grail in quantum information science. Through plasmonic coupling it is possible to increase the quantum efficiency of SPEs by increasing the radiative decay rate, but to approach unity quantum efficiency, non-radiative decay must be mitigated. Here we show that non-radiative decay in two-dimensional WSe2 quantum emitters can be electrically suppressed through charge depletion by using dual gate configurations under a large electric field. In this condition, for site-controlled SPEs in WSe2 coupled to gold nanogaps, the SPE transition quantum efficiency after gating is increased to 76.4 ± 14.6% on average, with some SPEs reaching near-unity (more than 90%) quantum efficiency. This study provides a new approach for tuning SPEs with an applied gate voltage and motivates further theoretical and experimental studies of SPE enhancement on vertically aligned nanogaps. Non-radiative decay in two-dimensional WSe2 quantum emitters is electrically suppressed through charge depletion using dual gate configurations. The single-photon emitter transition quantum efficiency after gating is increased to 76.4 ± 14.6% on average.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 8","pages":"842-847"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141333530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A solution-processable natural crystal with giant optical anisotropy for efficient manipulation of light polarization","authors":"Yang Zhou, Zhengfeng Guo, Honggang Gu, Yanqiang Li, Yipeng Song, Shiyuan Liu, Maochun Hong, Sangen Zhao, Junhua Luo","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01461-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01461-8","url":null,"abstract":"Optical anisotropy, a spatially asymmetric light–matter interaction that manifests itself as birefringence and dichroism, is paramount for manipulating light polarization in modern optics. So far, various natural birefringent crystals are widely used, but their birefringence is limited to <0.3. Here we demonstrate a solution-processable natural crystal C3H8N6I6·3H2O with giant birefringence up to 2.8 within the visible to infrared spectral region. Combining critical point analysis and the first-principles calculations, we reveal that this giant optical anisotropy mainly comes from the linear (I3)− structural units in a parallel arrangement, which maximizes the difference of polarizability along the different crystallographic axes. This work highlights the potential of natural polyiodide crystals as an outstanding platform to satisfy the increasing demand for photonic applications that exploit polarization in optical communication, three-dimensional imaging, ultrahigh-resolution sensing and other tasks. A crystal with giant birefringence in the visible and infrared could benefit applications that rely on manipulating optical polarization.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"922-927"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-femtonewton force sensing in solution by super-resolved photonic force microscopy","authors":"Xuchen Shan, Lei Ding, Dajing Wang, Shihui Wen, Jinlong Shi, Chaohao Chen, Yang Wang, Hongyan Zhu, Zhaocun Huang, Shen S. J. Wang, Xiaolan Zhong, Baolei Liu, Peter John Reece, Wei Ren, Weichang Hao, Xunyu Lu, Jie Lu, Qian Peter Su, Lingqian Chang, Lingdong Sun, Dayong Jin, Lei Jiang, Fan Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01462-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01462-7","url":null,"abstract":"Precise force measurement is critical to probe biological events and physics processes, spanning from molecular motor’s motion to the Casimir effect, as well as the detection of gravitational waves. Yet, despite extensive technological developments, the three-dimensional nanoscale measurement of weak forces in aqueous solutions still faces major challenges. Techniques that rely on optically trapped nanoprobes are of significant potential but are beset with limitations, including probe heating induced by high trapping power, undetectable scattering signals and localization errors. Here we report the measurement of the long-distance interaction force in aqueous solutions with a minimum detected force value of 108.2 ± 510.0 attonewton. To achieve this, we develop a super-resolved photonic force microscope based on optically trapped lanthanide-doped nanoparticles coupled with nanoscale three-dimensional tracking-based force sensing. The tracking method leverages neural-network-empowered super-resolution localization, where the position of the force probe is extracted from the optical-astigmatism-modified point spread function. We achieve a force sensitivity down to 1.8 fN Hz–1/2, which approaches the nanoscale thermal limit. We experimentally measure electrophoresis forces acting on single nanoparticles as well as the surface-induced interaction force on a single nanoparticle. This work opens the avenue of nanoscale thermally limited force sensing and offers new opportunities for detecting sub-femtonewton forces over long distances and biomechanical forces at the single-molecule level. Super-resolved photonic force microscopy employs the fluorescence of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles as a force probe, enabling the measurement of sub-femtonewton forces with a sensitivity of 1.8 fN Hz–1/2, approaching the thermal limit.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"913-921"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining ultrahigh index with exceptional nonlinearity in resonant transition metal dichalcogenide nanodisks","authors":"George Zograf, Alexander Yu. Polyakov, Maria Bancerek, Tomasz J. Antosiewicz, Betül Küçüköz, Timur O. Shegai","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01444-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01444-9","url":null,"abstract":"Second-order nonlinearity in solids gives rise to a plethora of unique physical phenomena ranging from piezoelectricity and optical rectification to optical parametric amplification, spontaneous parametric down-conversion and the generation of entangled photon pairs. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2, exhibit one of the highest known second-order nonlinear coefficients. However, the monolayer nature of these materials prevents the fabrication of resonant objects exclusively from the material itself, necessitating the use of external structures to achieve the optical enhancement of nonlinear processes. Here we exploit the 3R phase of a molybdenum disulfide multilayer for resonant nonlinear nanophotonics. The lack of inversion symmetry—even in the bulk of the material—provides a combination of massive second-order susceptibility, extremely high and anisotropic refractive index in the near-infrared region (n > 4.5) and low absorption losses, making 3R-MoS2 highly attractive for nonlinear nanophotonics. We demonstrate this by fabricating 3R-MoS2 nanodisks of various radii, which support resonant anapole states, and observing substantial (>100-fold) enhancement of second-harmonic generation in a single resonant nanodisk compared with an unpatterned flake of the same thickness. The enhancement is maximized at the spectral overlap between the anapole state of the disk and the material resonance of the second-order susceptibility. Our approach unveils a powerful tool for enhancing the entire spectrum of optical second-order nonlinear processes in nanostructured van der Waals materials, thereby paving the way for nonlinear and quantum high-index transition metal dichalcogenide nanophotonics. Using the 3R phase of molybdenum disulfide nanodisks with various radii, more than 100-fold enhancement of second-harmonic generation can be obtained in a single resonant nanodisk compared with an unpatterned flake of the same thickness.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 7","pages":"751-757"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-024-01444-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"360° structured light with learned metasurfaces","authors":"Eunsue Choi, Gyeongtae Kim, Jooyeong Yun, Yujin Jeon, Junsuk Rho, Seung-Hwan Baek","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01450-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01450-x","url":null,"abstract":"Structured light has proven instrumental in three-dimensional imaging, LiDAR and holographic light projection. Metasurfaces, comprising subwavelength-sized nanostructures, facilitate 180°-field-of-view structured light, circumventing the restricted field of view inherent in traditional optics like diffractive optical elements. However, extant-metasurface-facilitated structured light exhibits sub-optimal performance in downstream tasks, due to heuristic design patterns such as periodic dots that do not consider the objectives of the end application. Here we present 360° structured light, driven by learned metasurfaces. We propose a differentiable framework that encompasses a computationally efficient 180° wave propagation model and a task-specific reconstructor, and exploits both transmission and reflection channels of the metasurface. Leveraging a first-order optimizer within our differentiable framework, we optimize the metasurface design, thereby realizing 360° structured light. We have utilized 360° structured light for holographic light projection and three-dimensional imaging. Specifically, we demonstrate the first 360° light projection of complex patterns, enabled by our propagation model that can be computationally evaluated 50,000× faster than the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld propagation. For three-dimensional imaging, we improve the depth-estimation accuracy by 5.09× in root-mean-square error compared with heuristically designed structured light. Such 360° structured light promises robust 360° imaging and display for robotics, extended-reality systems and human–computer interactions. A single-metasurface-based holographic light projection covering the whole 360° field of view is realized by optimizing the metasurface design through a neural network and applying 360° structured light for holographic light projection and three-dimensional imaging.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 8","pages":"848-855"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-harmonic spectroscopy probes lattice dynamics","authors":"Jicai Zhang, Ziwen Wang, Frank Lengers, Daniel Wigger, Doris E. Reiter, Tilmann Kuhn, Hans Jakob Wörner, Tran Trung Luu","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01457-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01457-4","url":null,"abstract":"The probing of coherent lattice vibrations in solids has conventionally been carried out using time-resolved transient optical spectroscopy, with which only the relative oscillation amplitude can be obtained. Using time-resolved X-ray techniques, absolute electron–phonon coupling strength could be extracted. However, the complexity of such an experiment renders it impossible to be carried out in conventional laboratories. Here we demonstrate that the electron–phonon, anharmonic phonon–phonon coupling and their relaxation dynamics can be probed in real time using high-harmonic spectroscopy. Our technique is background-free and has extreme sensitivity directly in the energy domain. In combination with the optical deformation potential calculated from density functional perturbation theory and the absolute energy modulation depth, our measurement reveals the maximum displacement of neighbouring oxygen atoms in α-quartz crystal to tens of picometres in real space. By employing a straightforward and robust time-windowed Gabor analysis for the phonon-modulated high-harmonic spectrum, we successfully observe channel-resolved four-phonon scattering processes in such highly nonlinear interactions. Our work opens a new realm for the accurate measurement of coherent phonons and their scattering dynamics, which allows for potential benchmarking ab initio calculations in solids. High-harmonic spectroscopy is employed to investigate the electron–phonon, anharmonic phonon–phonon coupling, and their relaxation dynamics in solids. It reveals the maximum displacement of neighbouring oxygen atoms in α-quartz crystal to tens of picometres in real space.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 8","pages":"792-798"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fully hybrid integrated erbium-based laser","authors":"Yang Liu, Zheru Qiu, Xinru Ji, Andrea Bancora, Grigory Lihachev, Johann Riemensberger, Rui Ning Wang, Andrey Voloshin, Tobias J. Kippenberg","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01454-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01454-7","url":null,"abstract":"Erbium-doped fibre lasers exhibit high coherence and low noise as required for fibre-optic sensing, gyroscopes, LiDAR and optical frequency metrology. Endowing erbium-based gain in photonic integrated circuits can provide a basis for miniaturizing low-noise fibre lasers to the chip-scale form factor and enable large-volume applications. Although major progress has been made on integrated lasers based on silicon photonics with III–V gain media, realizing low-noise integrated erbium-based lasers has, however, remained unachievable. Recent advances in photonic-integrated-circuit-based high-power erbium-doped amplifiers make a new class of rare-earth-ion-based lasers possible. Here we demonstrate a fully integrated erbium laser that achieves 50 Hz intrinsic linewidth, high output power up to 17 mW, low intensity noise and integration of a III–V pump laser, approaching the performance of fibre lasers and state-of-the-art semiconductor extended-cavity lasers. The laser circuit is based on an erbium-ion-implanted ultralow-loss silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit, with an intracavity microring-based Vernier filter that enables >40 nm wavelength tunability within the optical C and L bands and attains a 70 dB side-mode suppression ratio. This new class of low-noise, tunable integrated laser could find applications in LiDAR, microwave photonics, optical frequency synthesis and free-space communications, with wavelength extendibility using different rare-earth ion species. A fully hybrid integrated erbium-doped photonic integrated waveguide laser with wide tuning of 40 nm, side-mode suppression ratio of >70 dB and output power up to 17 mW is demonstrated, achieving not only footprint reduction but also the long-anticipated fibre-laser coherence.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 8","pages":"829-835"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brillouin gain microscopy","authors":"Roni Shaashoua, Lir Kasuker, Mor Kishner, Tal Levy, Barak Rotblat, Anat Ben-Zvi, Alberto Bilenca","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01445-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01445-8","url":null,"abstract":"Optical imaging techniques with mechanical contrast, including passive microrheology, optical coherence elastography and Brillouin microscopy, are critical for material and biological discovery owing to their less perturbative nature compared with traditional mechanical imaging methods. An emerging optical microscopy approach for mechanical imaging is stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy, which has been shown to be useful for biomechanical imaging with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the excitation energy used is high and the temporal resolution remains limited by the need to acquire full spectra. Here we develop Brillouin gain microscopy that detects the Brillouin gain at a specific mechanically contrasting frequency corresponding to a Brillouin acoustic-vibrational mode of interest in the sample. Brillouin gain microscopy affords a 200-fold improvement in temporal resolution compared with stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy, down to 100 μs at excitation energy as low as 23 μJ. Using Brillouin gain microscopy, we demonstrate cross-sectional, all-optical mechanical imaging of materials as well as of the structure and dynamics in living systems with low excitation energy and at high temporal resolution. By measuring the Brillouin gain only at mechanical frequencies of interest, Brillouin gain microscopy enables Brillouin imaging with a temporal resolution of 100 µs with excitation energies of 23 µJ on biological samples.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 8","pages":"836-841"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-024-01445-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic optical antennas in solids","authors":"Zixi Li, Xinghan Guo, Yu Jin, Francesco Andreoli, Anil Bilgin, David D. Awschalom, Nazar Delegan, F. Joseph Heremans, Darrick Chang, Giulia Galli, Alexander A. High","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01456-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01456-5","url":null,"abstract":"A resonantly excited atomic optical dipole simultaneously generates propagating (far) and evanescent (near) electromagnetic fields. The near-field component diverges in the limit of decreasing distance, indicating an optical antenna with the potential for enormous near-field intensity enhancement. In principle, any atomic optical dipole in a solid can serve as an optical antenna; however, most of them suffer from environmentally induced decoherence that largely mitigates field enhancement. Here we demonstrate that germanium vacancy centres in diamond—optically coherent atom-like dipoles in a solid—are exemplary antennas. We measure up to million-fold optical intensity enhancement in the near-field of resonantly excited germanium vacancies. In addition to the rich applications already developed for conventional nanoantennas, atomic antennas in the solid state promise to yield interesting new applications in spectroscopy, sensing and quantum science. As one concrete example, we use germanium vacancy antennas to detect and control the charge state of nearby carbon vacancies and generate measurable fluorescence from individual vacancies through Förster resonance energy transfer. Researchers show that atom-like dipoles based on germanium vacancy centres in diamond may be useful as antennas, exhibiting million-fold near-field optical intensity enhancement. These antennas are used to detect and control the charge state of nearby carbon vacancies.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 10","pages":"1113-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-optical polarization switching in ferroelectrics","authors":"Vasily V. Temnov, Paolo Vavassori","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01452-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01452-9","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast optical experiments using narrow-bandwidth tunable IR laser pulses enable nonvolatile all-optical switching of ferroelectric polarization in BaTiO3 in the epsilon-near-zero regime.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 6","pages":"529-530"},"PeriodicalIF":35.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141264881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}