Ndt & E International最新文献_第3页

Magnetic field distribution under ferrite cores: An approximation model for ECT simulation

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103379

Athanasios Kyrgiazoglou , Anastassios Skarlatos , Theodoros Theodoulidis

引用次数: 0

Measurement of oxide film thickness for coated fuel rod cladding using swept-frequency ECT and parameters separation

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103377

Na Zhang , Yifan Li , Chaofeng Ye , Ming Li , Xiaoguang Li

{"title":"Measurement of oxide film thickness for coated fuel rod cladding using swept-frequency ECT and parameters separation","authors":"Na Zhang , Yifan Li , Chaofeng Ye , Ming Li , Xiaoguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fuel rod cladding serves as the first safety barrier within a nuclear power plant. It is essential to measure and evaluate the thickness of oxide film on the fuel rod cladding with micrometer level precision to ensure the operation safety of the nuclear power plant. In recent years, fuel rods with metal coating are utilized to enhance the mechanic characteristics of the rods, resulting in further challenge for the measurement. This paper presents a novel swept-frequency eddy current testing (ECT) method for the oxide film thickness measurement, which suppresses the interference of the coating parameters by a multi-parameter separation algorithm. A finite element method model is established to study the effect of the conductivity of the cladding and thickness of the coating on the oxide film thickness measurement. Then, a multi-parameter separation algorithm is developed to process the simulation data. It is demonstrated that the calculation error of the algorithm is less than 0.4 μm with varying material parameters. In addition, a prototype probe is developed and tested. The experimental results show that with different thicknesses of metal coatings, the proposed method can measure the oxide film thickness on fuel rod cladding with error less than 3 μm, which can satisfy the field application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FMCW THZ radar and X-ray analysis of wood properties: A comparative study

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103378

Caroline Marc, Bertrand Marcon, Louis Denaud, Stéphane Girardon

{"title":"FMCW THZ radar and X-ray analysis of wood properties: A comparative study","authors":"Caroline Marc, Bertrand Marcon, Louis Denaud, Stéphane Girardon","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood is a material valued for its mechanical properties and sustainability. It exhibits substantial variability in density due to its growth being influenced by the external environment. The measurement of its local properties is therefore crucial for various applications such as in the construction and transport industries. X-ray attenuation densitometry measurement is a well-established method, but it uses ionizing radiation which can pose hazards to human health. Its cost is significant in terms of investment and consumables. Terahertz (THz) technology, being non-ionizing and promising, emerges as an alternative for density imaging. Therefore, this study employs THz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, a novel approach, to assess its ability to predict local density in a pool of 110 samples from diverse wood species, with different thicknesses, and a wide density range (from 111 kg m<sup>−3</sup> to 1086 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) representative of the natural variability of wood density — both at the local scale of growth rings and at a global scale. The beating signal of the FMCW radar was modeled by considering the crossed medium as uniform, to extract both the optical index and the absorption coefficient. Additionally, the local density was measured using an X-ray industrial timber scanner as a reference for the actual local density. Results reveal strong correlations between density and THz parameters. However, the study highlights limitations in the THz modeling, such as wood vessel scattering, thickness influence, potential polarization effect, or non-uniformity of the medium between earlywood and latewood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Depth estimation of internal defects from a sensitive frequency using thermal wave radar

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103367

Lijun Zhuo , Yifan Xu , Jianguo Zhu , Hongchu Chen , Qiang Yang

{"title":"Depth estimation of internal defects from a sensitive frequency using thermal wave radar","authors":"Lijun Zhuo , Yifan Xu , Jianguo Zhu , Hongchu Chen , Qiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal wave radar is one of the active infrared thermographic techniques that detects defects by applying a broadband frequency modulated excitation and cross-correlation. Although it outperforms conventional methods in the depth resolvability and defect detectability, there still exist difficulties in the estimation of defect depth due to the distortion effect of heat diffusion and noises. This work aims to estimate the depth of an internal defect using a new parameter instead of the widely used blind frequency, namely the sensitive frequency, at which a maximum phase contrast is reached. The thermal wave radar is implemented by using a linear frequency modulated laser excitation. The phase contrast in function of frequency is obtained from the dual orthogonal demodulation algorithm. A linear relationship with calibrated coefficients is established between the sensitive frequency and the reciprocal of the square of depth. The effect of defect size on the linear relationship is studied, and a correction of the linear relationship is proposed to improve the accuracy of depth estimation. The proposed method is numerically verified and experimentally validated, and the results illustrated that the depths of defects with various aspect ratios can be well estimated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite element analysis of wave propagation in austenitic stainless steel welds with three-dimensional solidification structures predicted by cellular automaton method

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103365

Shan Lin , Yukinobu Natsume , Masaki Nagai

{"title":"Finite element analysis of wave propagation in austenitic stainless steel welds with three-dimensional solidification structures predicted by cellular automaton method","authors":"Shan Lin , Yukinobu Natsume , Masaki Nagai","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Austenitic stainless steels have been extensively used in nuclear power plants, and therefore, their welds must undergo ultrasonic testing (UT). However, conducting UT on the far side of these welds poses significant challenges. A thorough understanding of wave propagation in these welds is essential for enhancing the performance of UT. In this study, we executed precise three-dimensional simulations of wave propagation within welds containing a solidification structure using the finite element method (FEM). A three-dimensional cellular automaton finite difference model was developed for predicting the solidification structure of multilayer and multipass austenitic stainless-steel welds (ASSW) based on the welding process. This model incorporated elements such as heat flow, grain growth, grain melting, and alloy addition during welding. Further, it accurately replicated the experimental peak temperature at measurement points near a welding groove for an SUS316L ASSW featuring seven layers and seven passes. The predicted solidification structure for the SUS316L ASSW closely matched actual macrographic results. We integrated the forecasted solidification structure into an FEM code to simulate wave propagation in ASSW, and we compared the numerical outcomes with experimental findings for both normal and angle beam testing. The numerical results precisely mirrored the experimental observations. Longitudinal waves traversed the welds smoothly, whereas shear waves encountered significant disruption. In addition, the intensity of all echoes determined through the numerical analysis aligned closely with the experimental results, exhibiting a variation of less than 2 dB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defect detection in wind turbine blades applying Convolutional Neural Networks to Ultrasonic Testing

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103359

Julen Mendikute , Itsaso Carmona , Iratxe Aizpurua , Iñigo Bediaga , Ivan Castro , Lander Galdos , Jose Luis Lanzagorta

{"title":"Defect detection in wind turbine blades applying Convolutional Neural Networks to Ultrasonic Testing","authors":"Julen Mendikute , Itsaso Carmona , Iratxe Aizpurua , Iñigo Bediaga , Ivan Castro , Lander Galdos , Jose Luis Lanzagorta","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significance of wind-turbine blade safety operation has risen in the context of recent advances in wind energy generation. In this context, Non-Destructive Inspection Technologies (NDT), in particular those derived from Ultrasonic Testing (UT) methods, have proven to be key. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) analysis has traditionally been performed by a qualified inspector who interprets the acquired signal. However, the emerging digital revolution has brought with it many advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and has demonstrated its potential in the field of NDE. AI has allowed to automate and improve traditional techniques in the tasks of data pre-processing, defect detection, defect characterization, and property measurement. Moreover, it has proven to be highly valuable in situations where it is not possible to apply traditional gate methods.</div><div>In this paper, the feasibility of using Deep Learning (DL) techniques for the detection of defects in wind-turbine blades (in the Cap zone and in the Cap-Web zone) is analyzed. For this purpose, supervised learning techniques have been used and three case studies were analyzed: two-class classifications for Cap zone, two-class classifications for Cap-Web zone, and four-class classifications have been performed. Several Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures have been proposed, reaching 90% accuracy in all three case studies. These results lay the groundwork for the initial steps in applying AI techniques during the automated inspection of complex wind blade components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nondestructive characterization of contaminant-induced material softening in epoxy polymers using nonlinear ultrasonic measurements 利用非线性超声波测量对环氧聚合物中污染物诱发的材料软化进行无损表征

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103364

Do-Kyung Pyun , Daniel J. Barnard , Leonard J. Bond

{"title":"Nondestructive characterization of contaminant-induced material softening in epoxy polymers using nonlinear ultrasonic measurements","authors":"Do-Kyung Pyun , Daniel J. Barnard , Leonard J. Bond","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy polymer-based materials are widely used in structural assemblies due to their efficient and robust bonding capabilities. Nondestructive testing tools are needed to assess joint quality, and ideally strength, as contaminants, and some other defects, introduced during the manufacturing process can potentially cause material softening of the epoxy, leading to the degradation of the structural integrity of the bonded components. The application of the nonlinear response with ultrasonic methods used to characterize the epoxy material itself has been underexplored. This study investigates the use of an ultrasonic second-harmonic generation (SHG) method to characterize contaminant-induced material softening in epoxy polymers, with the contaminant being a release agent. The nonlinearity parameter associated with SHG was measured with varying contamination levels. To validate the effectiveness of the SHG method, nonlinear resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (NRUS) was employed to independently assess the variation in material softening with the increase of contamination levels. Additionally, tensile testing was conducted on contaminated samples to establish a correlation between mechanical strength and the nonlinear parameter related to the degradation due to the material softening. This study demonstrated that the SHG technique is a promising nondestructive evaluation method for detecting contaminant-induced degradation in epoxy materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A physics-informed clustering approach for ultrasonics-based nondestructive evaluation

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103362

Michail Skiadopoulos , Evan P. Bozek , Lalith Sai Srinivas Pillarisetti , Daniel Kifer , Parisa Shokouhi

引用次数: 0

In-service fatigue crack monitoring through baseline-free automated detection and physics-informed neural network quantification

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103360

Yuhang Pan, Zahra Sharif Khodaei, Ferri M.H. Aliabadi

{"title":"In-service fatigue crack monitoring through baseline-free automated detection and physics-informed neural network quantification","authors":"Yuhang Pan, Zahra Sharif Khodaei, Ferri M.H. Aliabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online monitoring and quantification of fatigue cracks are essential for ensuring engineering structural integrity. Current structural health monitoring (SHM) methods, which have demonstrated potential to be applicable in service are either baseline or can only be applied on ground, which increases maintenance costs and risks of undetected rapid crack propagation. This paper proposes a reliable in-service method for online crack detection and growth assessment, providing early warning for maintenance. This novel approach extracts the third harmonic parameter <span><math><msup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>, defined as the ratio of the fundamental frequency amplitude (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) to the cube of the third harmonic amplitude (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), from the fatigue response. A dynamic piecewise linear (DPL) method is then employed for automatic online crack detection. Results from four specimens demonstrate the method’s capability for real-time detection of cracks below 2 mm during operation. Additionally, a physics-informed Long Short-Term Memory (PI-LSTM) model is developed to quantify the crack online, achieving an average RMSE of 0.498 mm on six datasets, outperforming traditional methods like pure LSTM and Paris’ Law with RMSE values of 3.205 mm and 3.641 mm, respectively. This study provides a cost-effective, reliable solution for in-service crack monitoring using external excitation signals, enhancing structural maintenance and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 103360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive evaluation of the low-velocity impact behaviour of intraply hybrid flax/basalt composites using infrared thermography and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy techniques

IF 4.1 2区材料科学

Ndt & E International Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103361

Pengfei Zhu , Hai Zhang , Stefano Sfarra , Fabrizio Sarasini , Rubén Usamentiaga , Gunther Steenackers , Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo , Xavier Maldague

{"title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the low-velocity impact behaviour of intraply hybrid flax/basalt composites using infrared thermography and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy techniques","authors":"Pengfei Zhu , Hai Zhang , Stefano Sfarra , Fabrizio Sarasini , Rubén Usamentiaga , Gunther Steenackers , Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo , Xavier Maldague","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-velocity impacts severely jeopardize the structural reliability of polymer composites. In view of this, a thorough evaluation of the impact damage of the polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with an ecofriendly intraply flax/basalt hybrid fabric was performed based on infrared thermography (including pulsed thermography, linear scanning thermography) and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) techniques. However, the main problem is the lack of multi-source fusion technique regarding more than two sensors, and the discussions regarding homologous fusion (pulsed thermography and linear scanning thermography), and non-homologous fusion (infrared thermography and THz-TDS). In this work, a comprehensive evaluation for the impact resistance of hybrid polymer composites was conducted, including detecting the uneven resin distribution and exploring new multi-sources fusion strategy. The experimental results demonstrate the superior capability of multi-source fusion techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0