Ndt & E International最新文献

{"title":"Predicting actual crack size through crack signal obtained by advanced Flexible Eddy Current Sensor using ResNet integrated with CBAM and Huber loss function","authors":"Le Quang Trung ,&nbsp;Naoya Kasai ,&nbsp;Minhhuy Le ,&nbsp;Kouichi Sekino","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an advanced FEC sensor, engineered by arranging coils in a co-directional current configuration. Moreover, boasting a compact design, the FEC sensor showcases significantly enhanced spatial resolution, enabling robust detection of small cracks even at low excitation frequencies and mitigating issues of overlapping in adjacent crack detection. Results indicate successful crack detection through voltage and phase measurements, albeit with phase signals demonstrating variation at specific excitation frequencies, complicating the determination of actual crack sizes. Consequently, a novel model is proposed to forecast actual crack sizes, leveraging experimental data from the FEC sensor system. This model integrates a Residual Neural Network (ResNet) architecture with a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and utilizes the Huber loss function to minimize errors during model training. Comparative analysis underscores the superior performance of the proposed model in predicting crack length and depth compared to the standalone ResNet, particularly when utilizing the Huber loss function with a δ value of 1.0. Evaluation metrics, encompassing Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), illustrate an average accuracy surpassing 95 % for crack size predictions. Consequently, the proposed model demonstrates remarkable performance, significantly reducing the time required to ascertain actual crack sizes by leveraging voltage and phase measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent identification of defective regions of voids in tunnels based on GPR data","authors":"Guangyan Cui ,&nbsp;Yanhui Wang ,&nbsp;Yujie Li ,&nbsp;Feifei Hou ,&nbsp;Jie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitatively detecting voids behind tunnel linings presents significant challenges in identifying the range of width and depth. This paper develops an innovative method for identifying defective regions of voids based on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data. This method involves three steps: Firstly, the void-identifying-feature-set (<em>VIFS</em>) is constructed by extracting the Amplitude peak (<em>A</em>_<em>T</em>), Signal energy (<em>E</em>_<em>T</em>), and Amplitude peak of the first intrinsic mode function (IMF1) component (<em>A</em>_<em>H</em>) of every A-scan signal. Secondly, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is utilized to identify defect signals and normal signals, contributing to the width identification of void in the horizontal direction. Thirdly, an innovative Three-Stage-Boundary-Extraction (TSBE) algorithm is proposed to identify the depth range of voids in the vertical direction. Experimental results conducted on both field data and simulated data demonstrated that the Intersection over Union (IOU) value and consumption time of three groups of GPR data (Data I, Data II, and Data V) are 0.739 and 0.888 s, respectively. The average IOU and consumption time of the TSBE algorithm are 0.739 and 0.058 s, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photothermal measurement of material properties for translucent thermal barrier coatings","authors":"Yijiao Ma ,&nbsp;Wenyi Xu ,&nbsp;Jinrong Qi ,&nbsp;Xue Yang ,&nbsp;Lichun Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li ,&nbsp;Ning Tao ,&nbsp;Cunlin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiangang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a photothermal nondestructive method was proposed to measure the material parameters of semi-transparent or translucent thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). We derived a theoretical model for the photothermal signal from a two-layer semi-infinite material system with a translucent first layer after a pulse laser excitation. Its solution was verified by numerical solution. A data regression algorithm based on a least-squares fitting was used for the determination of the material parameters in the translucent first layer material. To verify this new method, an experimental system was set up with a pulse laser for thermal excitation and an infrared camera for image acquisition of the thermal emission transient from several translucent EBPVD TBC samples. The predicted coating thickness is consistent with the measured value by an optical microscope. The predicted thermal conductivity and optical attenuation coefficients in the absorption and emission band are found to be in good agreement with reference values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive ultrasonic sensing of internal conditions on a partial full-scale spent nuclear fuel canister mock-up","authors":"Bozhou Zhuang ,&nbsp;Bora Gencturk ,&nbsp;Anton Sinkov ,&nbsp;Morris Good ,&nbsp;Ryan Meyer ,&nbsp;Assad Oberai","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safe storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in dry cask storage systems (DCSSs) is critical to the nuclear fuel cycle and the future of nuclear energy. A critical component of DCSSs is the SNF canister. The canister is a sealed stainless-steel structure, which is first vacuum dried and then backfilled with helium. The structural deterioration within a canister can be monitored through its internal gas properties. This monitoring serves as the driving force behind the non-invasive ultrasonic sensing approach in this paper. A major challenge in collecting gas-borne signals using ultrasonic sensing is the impedance mismatch between the stainless-steel canister and the helium gas inside. Only a small fraction of the ultrasonic signal makes its way from the transmitter to the receiver through the gas medium. In this paper, experimental studies on a partial full-scale canister mock-up were carried out to capture the gas-borne signals. Damping materials were applied on the outside, and blocking and unblocking tests were conducted to identify the gas-borne signal. The research results showed that the excitation frequency played an important role in maximizing the gas-borne signals. The gas-borne signal was successfully detected at around the theoretical time-of-flight (TOF) at 225 kHz. A high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was achieved in the measurements. Next, acoustic impedance matching (AIM) layers were added, and it was found that the gas signal energy was improved by 160.4% compared with that of no AIM layers. Subsequently, the relative humidity (RH) level and temperature of the gas were varied to simulate abnormal internal conditions of the canister. The non-invasive testing system demonstrated reliability and sensitivity in detecting gas temperature and RH variations. Theoretical calculations demonstrated the potential for detecting low-level xenon and air within an actual SNF canister filled with helium. Last, an active noise cancellation (ANC) method, previously developed by the authors, was verified on the canister mock-up for the first time. The results showed that the SNR of the gas signal was improved by 213.6% compared with that of no ANC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative domain-adapted adversarial auto-encoder model for enhanced ultrasonic imaging applications","authors":"Gerardo Emanuel Granados ,&nbsp;Filippo Gatti ,&nbsp;Roberto Miorelli ,&nbsp;Sébastien Robert ,&nbsp;Didier Clouteau","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we propose a class-conditioned Generative Adversarial Autoencoder (cGAAE) to improve the realism of simulated ultrasonic imaging techniques, in particular the Multi-modal Total Focusing Method (M-TFM), based on the availability of both simulated and experimental TFM images. In particular, this work studied the case of the inspection of a complex geometry block representative of weld-inspection problem based on ultrasonic multi-elements probe. The cGAAE is represented by a tailored learning schema, trained in a semi-supervised fashion on a labeled mixture of synthetic (class 0) and experimental (class 1) M-TFM images, obtained under different meaningful inspection set-ups parameters (i.e., the celerity of the transverse ultrasonic wave, the specimen back-wall slope and height, the flaw tilt and heigh). That is, the cGAAE schema consists in a combination of learning stages involving class-conditioned spatial-transformers and arbitrary style transfer endows the cGAAE of powerful generative features, such as quasi real-time generation of M-TFM images by sweep of the inspection parameters. We exploited the cGAAE model to improve the realism of simulated M-TFM images and enhance the accuracy of the inverse problem, aiming at estimating the inspection parameters based on experimental acquisitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise suppression in pulsed IR thermographic NDT: Efficiency of data processing algorithms","authors":"V.P. Vavilov ,&nbsp;A.O. Chulkov ,&nbsp;V.V. Shiryaev ,&nbsp;M.V. Kuimova ,&nbsp;Hai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various types of noise, which accompany active TNDT procedures using optical heating, have been analyzed, both numerically and experimentally. An emphasis has been made on the suppression of surface clutter, which represents local areas of varying absorptivity/emissivity. The concept of signal-to-noise that is typically used in defect detection has been applied to fixed pattern noise in order to compare capabilities of data processing algorithms in reducing surface clutter. The experimental investigation has been fulfilled on a special sample containing both subsurface air-filled defects and areas with varying emissivity/absorptivity. The best suppression of the fixed pattern noise was provided by the complex wavelet transform and principle component analysis. Because of 3D heat diffusion, clutter spot boundaries are often underlined by particular data processing algorithms thus producing specific contours. The test situations where subsurface defects are located under localized clutter spots have been analyzed to demonstrate an overshadowing effect of such spots when detecting hidden defects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic waveguide based super resolution imaging using structured channel metamaterial lenses","authors":"Pradeep Kumar,&nbsp;Mohamed Subair Syed Akbar Ali,&nbsp;Sreehari Kollancheri Chelat,&nbsp;Prabhu Rajagopal","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extension of metamaterial concepts to the ultrasonic domain is challenging because of the shorter wavelength, which necessitates the use of spatially narrow band receiving techniques to capture wavefields past fine features of the metamaterial. Currently, the Laser Doppler Vibrometer is the only option with several drawbacks hampering its widespread practical implementation, including cost and sensitivity to external disturbances. This paper proposes a novel waveguide based reception technique to capture the amplified evanescent fields transmitted through the subwavelength features of the metamaterials. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out on a structured channel metamaterial and a thin stainless steel waveguide attached to a commercial transducer. A practical super resolution ultrasonic imaging down to a third of the operating wavelength is successfully demonstrated in comparison with a commercial laser receiver. The physics of the imaging and dispersion characteristics of the waveguide enabling the process are discussed. The promising results showcase broadband, low-cost, portable alternatives with important implications for high-resolution ultrasonic imaging in industrial and biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite-difference time-domain method of ground penetrating radar images for accurate estimation of subsurface pipe properties","authors":"Rain Man Raja,&nbsp;Takahiro Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Tsukasa Mizutani","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing length of subsurface pipe causes overlapping, accumulation, and occasionally the old pipe layout is not also available. Consequently, accidents, damages, time delays, and financial losses occur during construction of new structures or installation of new pipes. Therefore, depth, radius, material of the existing pipe, and map of pipe are indispensable for knowing proper construction planning. In this article, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the properties of subsurface pipes and show 3D maps. Using this algorithm, the radius of the field pipes was estimated with 83, 67, and 89 % accuracy and depth with 95, 95, and 98 % accuracy. The effect of pipe radius should be considered to assess the pipe depth with higher accuracy. The material of the field pipe was successfully determined using the evaluated relative permittivity. A 3D map of the field pipe was developed by applying the tracing algorithm and linear regression on estimated depth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface stiffness identification of rough and weak bonded interface using developed ultrasonic reflection phase derivative spectrum","authors":"Zhiyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Jiwei Yang ,&nbsp;Haoyang Shen ,&nbsp;Tianzhi Qi ,&nbsp;Li Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thickness and interface roughness of coatings both affect the interface bonded quality. Existed ultrasonic testing methods based on traditional phase screen approximation or spring model assumption are difficult to simultaneously identify the interface roughness and stiffness of coating. This paper, a new method for integrated identifying coating thickness, interface roughness, and interface stiffness using developed ultrasonic reflection phase derivative spectrum (URPDS) is proposed. A phase-screen-approximated spring-model (PSASM) for ultrasound vertically propagating into rough and weak bonded interface is constructed. On basis of PSASM, a URPDS of coating/substrate structure is developed for identifying the interface stiffness and other parameters of coated parts. Cross-correlation analysis is used to eliminate the phase deviation of URPDS introduced by reference signal and initial phase of tested signal. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the high-sensitivity regions of URPDS to interface roughness and interface stiffness. Genetic algorithm optimization is used to achieve integrated identification of coating thickness, interface roughness, and interface stiffness. The rationality of PSASM is verified through numerical simulation using a series of coating/substrate models with rough and weak bonded interface, and the relationship between the high-sensitivity regions and the high-precision measurement ranges of interface roughness <em>Rq</em> and interface stiffness <em>K</em>_n is clarified. Ultrasonic experiments are implemented on Nickel-coating samples and coated parts using plane wave probe. The coating thickness, interface roughness, and interface stiffness could be identified accurately, which shows that the proposed URPDS method can identify the interface stiffness of rough contacted dissimilar media or coated parts with rough interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic source localization by deep-learning attention-based modulation of microphone array data","authors":"Georg Karl Kocur,&nbsp;Denny Thaler,&nbsp;Bernd Markert","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We proposed a deep-learning attention-based methodology to predict acoustic sources obtained from pendulum impact experiments using the Cluster-Self Adaptive Network (CSAN) and showed that the experimental data required for training can be reduced by 50% without losing significant localization accuracy. Acoustic signals due to pendulum impacts on a homogeneous steel plate were recorded by an asymmetric microphone array. Important wavelet features were extracted by transforming the acoustic signals using continuous wavelet functions and reduced the data dimensionality by principal component analysis. Two data sampling strategies (random and Latin hypercube) were investigated to study the effect of the density of training domains on the model performance. The attention-based modulation strategy was employed on microphone positions for data augmentation and prediction of acoustic sources. A comprehensive analysis of the CSAN-based localization results including error estimation was performed. The outcome was contrasted against delay-and-sum beamforming localization results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963869524001981/pdfft?md5=3c45c1331f7d4d84f0e91bf1ee6b0971&pid=1-s2.0-S0963869524001981-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}