Molecular Reproduction and Development最新文献

{"title":"RACK1 may participate in placental development at mid-gestation via regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration in pigs","authors":"Zhimin Wu,&nbsp;Guangling Hu,&nbsp;Ting Gong,&nbsp;Qun Hu,&nbsp;Linjun Hong,&nbsp;Yiyu Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Ao","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23680","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23680","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a severe complication in swine production. Placental insufficiency is responsible for inadequate fetal growth, but the specific etiology of placental dysfunction-induced IUGR in pigs remains poorly understood. In this work, placenta samples supplying the lightest weight (LW) and mean weight (MW) pig fetuses in the litter at Day 65 (D65) of gestation were collected, and the relationship between fetal growth and placental morphologies and functions was investigated using histomorphological analysis, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro experiment in LW and MW placentas. Results showed that the folded structure of the epithelial bilayer of LW placentas followed a poor and incomplete development compared with that of MW placentas. A total of 654 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out between the LW and MW placentas, and the gene encodes receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) was found to be downregulated in LW placentas. The DEGs were mainly enriched in translation, ribosome, protein synthesis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway according to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. In vitro experiments indicated that the decreased RACK1 in LW placentas may be involved in abnormal development of placental folds (PFs) by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of porcine trophoblast cells. Taken together, these results revealed that RACK1 may be a vital regulator in the development of PFs via regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration in pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 4","pages":"248-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9735751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of intraluteal and intrauterine prostaglandin signaling in LH-induced luteolysis in pregnant rats","authors":"Akshi Vashistha,&nbsp;Habibur Rahaman Khan","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23678","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23678","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Luteal dysfunctions lead to fertility disorders and pregnancy complications. Normal luteal function is regulated by many factors, including luteinizing hormone (LH). The luteotropic roles of LH have been widely investigated but its role in the process of luteolysis has received little attention. LH has been shown to have luteolytic effects during pregnancy in rats and the role of intraluteal prostaglandins (PGs) in LH-mediated luteolysis has been demonstrated by others. However, the status of PG signaling in the uterus during LH-mediated luteolysis remains unexplored. In this study, we utilized the repeated LH administration (4×LH) model for luteolysis induction. We have examined the effect of LH-mediated luteolysis on the expression of genes involved in luteal/uterine PG synthesis, luteal PGF_2α signaling, and uterine activation during different stages (mid and late) of pregnancy. Further, we analyzed the effect of overall PG synthesis machinery blockage on LH-mediated luteolysis during late pregnancy. Unlike the midstage of pregnancy, the expression of genes involved in PG synthesis, PGF_2α signaling, and uterine activation in late-stage pregnant rats' luteal and uterine tissue increase 4×LH. Since the cAMP/PKA pathway mediates LH-mediated luteolysis, we analyzed the effect of inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis on the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, followed by the analysis of the expression of markers of luteolysis. Inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis did not affect the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. However, in the absence of endogenous PGs, luteolysis could not be activated to the full extent. Our results suggest that endogenous PGs may contribute to LH-mediated luteolysis, but this dependency on endogenous PGs is pregnancy-stage dependent. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate luteolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 4","pages":"260-271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering “low-dose”—Impacts of oral estrogen exposure during preimplantation embryo development","authors":"Meret Schmidhauser,&nbsp;Anna-Katharina Hankele,&nbsp;Susanne E. Ulbrich","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23675","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23675","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perturbations of estrogen signaling during developmental stages of high plasticity may lead to adverse effects later in life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that interfere with the endocrine system by particularly mimicking the action of endogenous estrogens as functional agonists or antagonists. EDCs compose synthetic and naturally occurring compounds discharged into the environment, which may be taken up via skin contact, inhalation, orally due to contaminated food or water, or via the placenta during in utero development. Although estrogens are efficiently metabolized by the liver, the role of circulating glucuro- and/or sulpho-conjugated estrogen metabolites in the body has not been fully addressed to date. Particularly, the role of intracellular cleavage to free functional estrogens could explain the hitherto unknown mode of action of adverse effects of EDC at very low concentrations currently considered safe. We summarize and discuss findings on estrogenic EDC with a focus on early embryonic development to highlight the need for reconsidering low dose effects of EDC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 7","pages":"445-458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mrd.23675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10529162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA methylation profile of single in vitro matured bovine oocytes","authors":"Luna N. Vargas,&nbsp;Felippe M. C. Caixeta,&nbsp;Margot A. N. Dode,&nbsp;Alexandre R. Caetano,&nbsp;Maurício M. Franco","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23679","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23679","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is commercially used despite incomplete nuclear reprogramming of the somatic cell nucleus by the enucleated oocyte compromising its efficiency. Oocyte selection is a key factor in increasing this efficiency as its cytoplasm reprograms the differentiated cell. In this study, we adapted a methodology to characterize epialleles in potential epigenetic markers in single in vitro matured oocytes. Characterization of the regions that control the expression of imprinted genes, X-chromosome inactivation, and satellite I DNA (<i>IGF2</i>, <i>ICR-H19</i>, <i>XIST</i>, <i>RepA</i>, and <i>SAT1</i>) showed methylated and unmethylated alleles in the imprinted genes <i>IGF2</i> and <i>ICR-H19</i> while <i>XIST-DMR1</i> and <i>RepA</i> showed hypermethylated alleles. There was great variation in methylation patterns for candidate regions which may be related to oocyte quality. Moreover, the identification of different epialleles in the same oocyte suggests that, at least for those loci, the epigenome of the metaphase plate and polar body is different. The single-cell bisulfite polymerase chain reaction technique can be used to improve the precision of selecting the best oocytes for SCNT procedures, thereby increasing its efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 4","pages":"227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9381791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents, Volume 90, Issue 2, February 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23583","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 2","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mrd.23583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preimplantation embryo gene expression: 56 years of discovery, and counting","authors":"Keith E. Latham","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23676","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23676","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biology of preimplantation embryo gene expression began 56 years ago with studies of the effects of protein synthesis inhibition and discovery of changes in embryo metabolism and related enzyme activities. The field accelerated rapidly with the emergence of embryo culture systems and progressively evolving methodologies that have allowed early questions to be re-addressed in new ways and in greater detail, leading to deeper understanding and progressively more targeted studies to discover ever more fine details. The advent of technologies for assisted reproduction, preimplantation genetic testing, stem cell manipulations, artificial gametes, and genetic manipulation, particularly in experimental animal models and livestock species, has further elevated the desire to understand preimplantation development in greater detail. The questions that drove enquiry from the earliest years of the field remain drivers of enquiry today. Our understanding of the crucial roles of oocyte-expressed RNA and proteins in early embryos, temporal patterns of embryonic gene expression, and mechanisms controlling embryonic gene expression has increased exponentially over the past five and a half decades as new analytical methods emerged. This review combines early and recent discoveries on gene regulation and expression in mature oocytes and preimplantation stage embryos to provide a comprehensive understanding of preimplantation embryo biology and to anticipate exciting future advances that will build upon and extend what has been discovered so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 4","pages":"169-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mrd.23676","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9382535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of BAMBI on luteinized follicular granulosa cell proliferation and steroid hormone production in sheep","authors":"Yaqi Zhang,&nbsp;Zeyuan Guo,&nbsp;Zhangsheng Du,&nbsp;Zhichao Yao,&nbsp;Tong Guo,&nbsp;Yin Cheng,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Ma,&nbsp;Chunlu Chen,&nbsp;Ermias Kebreab,&nbsp;Dong Wang,&nbsp;Lihua Lyu","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23674","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23674","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) regulates mammalian ovarian follicle growth and maturation; however, its effect on luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) in sheep ovarian follicles remains unknown. Here we explored the regulatory role of LGC functions and steroid hormone synthesis by BAMBI. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the sheep <i>BAMBI</i> gene sequence was relatively conserved. Sheep LGCs were strongly positive for BAMBI. LGC proliferation increased when <i>BAMBI</i> was silenced and decreased when <i>BAMBI</i> was overexpressed. After <i>BAMBI</i> overexpression, the expression of <i>CASP3</i>, <i>CASP8</i>, <i>CASP9</i>, and <i>BAX</i> significantly increased, whereas that of <i>BCL2</i> and the ratio of <i>BCL2</i>/<i>BAX</i> expression decreased. The opposite was observed after <i>BAMBI</i> silencing. <i>CDKN1A, CCND1</i>, and <i>CCND2</i> were downregulated with <i>BAMBI</i> overexpression and upregulated with <i>BAMBI</i> silencing. Expression of steroid hormone-related genes (<i>CYP11A1</i>, <i>STAR</i>, and <i>3BHSD</i>), except <i>CYP19A1</i>, significantly increased after <i>BAMBI</i> overexpression. Moreover, estrogen and progesterone secretion increased after <i>BAMBI</i> overexpression and decreased after <i>BAMBI</i> interference. The effect of the exogenous addition of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) on GCs was similar to that of <i>BAMBI</i> overexpression. In conclusion, BAMBI can regulate the proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of sheep LGCs, and BMP2 can affect LGCs as an activator of <i>BAMBI</i>. These findings provide a basis for further research on the physiological role of BAMBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 3","pages":"153-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9676323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9 knockin methodology for the sea urchin embryo","authors":"Nathalie Oulhen,&nbsp;Shumpei Morita,&nbsp;Jacob F. Warner,&nbsp;Gary Wessel","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23672","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23672","url":null,"abstract":"CRISPR technology has revolutionized the biological research world, making animals heretofore recalcitrant to genetic manipulation, accessible to analysis of specific gene functions. Building upon the demonstration of targeted gene mutations in the sea urchin (CRISPR knockout) (Fleming et al., 2021; Lin et al., 2019; Lin & Su, 2016; Liu et al., 2019; Vyas et al., 2022), investigators may now be able to insert exogenous DNA into specific locations in the genome (CRISPR knockin). Such Cas9‐mediated knockins will reveal sites of gene expression, and function. By judicious selection of exogenously encoded tags, for example, a fluorescent reporter, an investigator may then follow specific gene activities and cell lineages throughout development in live embryos. This tag can also be used for protein pull‐down without requiring an antibody for the targeted protein. Here we describe a procedure for CRISPR‐based knock‐in DNA in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Sea urchin larvae produce echinochrome pigments that require several gene functions including the enzyme polyketide synthase 1 (PKS1) (Barsi et al., 2015; Calestani & Wessel, 2018; Calestani et al., 2003; Perillo et al., 2020; Wessel et al., 2020). Sp PKS1 expression is restricted to a small population of ∼50 cells of theVeg2 lineage of the animal (Barsi et al., 2015; Calestani et al., 2003). We realized that using PKS1 to evaluate CRISPR knockin success was highly stringent since the insertion must occur within that small lineage, and be expressed by yet a smaller population of the lineage. Mutations of the gene encoding PKS1 by CRISPR knockout resulted in albino larvae, an easy phenotype to assess with simple brightfield microscopy (Oulhen & Wessel, 2016a). A single gRNA was previously shown to mutate PKS1 by Cas9 activity, nearly 100% of the time in embryos from S. purpuratus and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (Liu et al., 2019; Oulhen & Wessel, 2016a; Oulhen et al., 2022). We took advantage of this highly efficient gRNA to test and to optimize Cas9‐ mediated methodology in the sea urchin S. purpuratus. We tested three different donor templates for their efficacy in selectively knocking‐in exogenous DNA encoding a fluorescent protein: plasmid DNA, linear double‐stranded DNA, single stranded DNA. The key for this test is a highly efficient gRNA against the target gene, and a DNA repair template that contains homologous regions to the target sequence for homology directed repair (Figure S1). Investigators have previously injected linear DNA into sea urchin eggs/early embryos, which results in rapid and extensive concatenation (McMahon et al., 1985) that appears to be detrimental to high‐fidelity insertion (data not shown). To counter this concern, we tested circular plasmid‐based strategies. Here, the DNA repair template targeting the cleaved genomic locus was contained within a plasmid and was accessible for insertion before or following CRISPR‐Cas9 cutting of the same flanking sequence i","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 2","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mrd.23672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9558324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents, Volume 90, Issue 1, January 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23580","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mrd.23580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42101396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Cover Image, Volume 90, Issue 1, January 2023","authors":"Kohei Umezu,&nbsp;Irina V. Larina","doi":"10.1002/mrd.23673","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mrd.23673","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover Caption: The cover image is based on the Review Article <i>Optical coherence tomography for dynamic investigation of mammalian reproductive processes</i> by Kohei Umezu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.23665.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":18856,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Reproduction and Development","volume":"90 1","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mrd.23673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47826569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}