Nature ecology & evolution最新文献

{"title":"Atolls are globally important sites for tropical seabirds","authors":"Sebastian Steibl, Simon Steiger, Alex S. Wegmann, Nick D. Holmes, Hillary S. Young, Peter Carr, James C. Russell","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02496-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02496-4","url":null,"abstract":"Seabirds play critical roles on islands. By catalysing terrestrial and marine productivity through guano nutrient input, seabirds support natural island functioning. In the Indo-Pacific, atolls comprise one-third of all islands but only ~0.02% of island area. The importance of atolls as seabird nesting grounds has been historically neglected except on a few key atolls. We compiled a global dataset of seabird surveys on atolls and modelled seabird distribution and nutrient deposition on all Indo-Pacific atolls. We found that atolls are breeding sites for 37 species, ranging from a few dozen to more than 3 million individuals per atoll. In total, an estimated 31.2 million seabirds nest on atolls, or ~25% of the tropical seabirds of the world. For 14 species, more than half of their global populations nest on atolls. Seabirds forage more than 10,000–100,000 km² around an atoll and deposit, on average, 65,000 kg N and 11,000 kg P per atoll per year, thus acting as major nutrient pumps within the tropical Indo-Pacific. Our findings reveal the global importance of atolls for tropical seabirds. Given global change, conservation will have to leverage atoll protection and restoration to preserve a relevant fraction of the tropical seabirds of the world. A global model compiling seabird surveys finds that 37 seabird species and around 25% of the world’s tropical seabird individuals nest on atolls, where they act as major nutrient pumps within tropical oceans.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1907-1915"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and indirect effects of temperature on bird and fish community stability","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02503-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02503-8","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of rapid climate change, understanding how various temperature components — including the median, variability, trend and extremes — affect community stability remains a challenge. Our study reveals distinct differences in how temperature components affect the stability of birds and fishes, and shows that indirect effects play a crucial part.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1790-1791"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141980823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A threshold precipitation function determines when ecosystem respiration depends on water","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02502-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02502-9","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial ecosystem respiration converts organic carbon into CO2 and increases as temperature increases, which causes a positive feedback loop that could accelerate global warming. We identify a threshold precipitation function that determines when ecosystem respiration is temperature-limited or water-limited, which helps to reduce uncertainties in climate change projections.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1792-1793"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141980941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extremely acidic proteomes and metabolic flexibility in bacteria and highly diversified archaea thriving in geothermal chaotropic brines","authors":"Ana Gutiérrez-Preciado, Bledina Dede, Brittany A. Baker, Laura Eme, David Moreira, Purificación López-García","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02505-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02505-6","url":null,"abstract":"Few described archaeal, and fewer bacterial, lineages thrive under salt-saturating conditions, such as solar saltern crystallizers (salinity above 30% w/v). They accumulate molar K+ cytoplasmic concentrations to maintain osmotic balance (‘salt-in’ strategy) and have proteins adaptively enriched in negatively charged acidic amino acids. Here we analysed metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes from geothermally influenced hypersaline ecosystems with increasing chaotropicity in the Danakil Depression. Normalized abundances of universal single-copy genes confirmed that haloarchaea and Nanohaloarchaeota encompass 99% of microbial communities in the near-life-limiting conditions of the Western-Canyon Lakes. Danakil metagenome- and metagenome-assembled-genome-inferred proteomes, compared with those of freshwater, seawater and solar saltern ponds up to saturation (6–14–32% salinity), showed that Western-Canyon Lake archaea encode the most acidic proteomes ever observed (median protein isoelectric points ≤4.4). We identified previously undescribed haloarchaeal families as well as an Aenigmatarchaeota family and a bacterial phylum independently adapted to extreme halophily. Despite phylum-level diversity decreasing with increasing salinity–chaotropicity, and unlike in solar salterns, adapted archaea exceedingly diversified in Danakil ecosystems, challenging the notion of decreasing diversity under extreme conditions. Metabolic flexibility to utilize multiple energy and carbon resources generated by local hydrothermalism along feast-and-famine strategies seemingly shapes microbial diversity in these ecosystems near life limits. Metagenome analysis of microbial communities from the Danakil Depression shows that haloarchaea and Nanohaloarchaeota dominate these life-limiting salt-saturated conditions and that these archaea have the most acidic proteomes observed so far.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1856-1869"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eoraptor lunensis","authors":"Cecilia Apaldetti","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02478-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02478-6","url":null,"abstract":"Cecilia Apaldetti’s palaeontological journey began with a turkey-sized dinosaur.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 8","pages":"1558-1558"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age of extremes","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02516-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02516-3","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is causing an increase in extreme events, and this is a major concern for biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 8","pages":"1381-1381"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02516-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Century-long timelines of herbarium genomes predict plant stomatal response to climate change","authors":"Patricia L. M. Lang, Joel M. Erberich, Lua Lopez, Clemens L. Weiß, Gabriel Amador, Hannah F. Fung, Sergio M. Latorre, Jesse R. Lasky, Hernán A. Burbano, Moisés Expósito-Alonso, Dominique C. Bergmann","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02481-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02481-x","url":null,"abstract":"Dissecting plant responses to the environment is key to understanding whether and how plants adapt to anthropogenic climate change. Stomata, plants’ pores for gas exchange, are expected to decrease in density following increased CO2 concentrations, a trend already observed in multiple plant species. However, it is unclear whether such responses are based on genetic changes and evolutionary adaptation. Here we make use of extensive knowledge of 43 genes in the stomatal development pathway and newly generated genome information of 191 Arabidopsis thaliana historical herbarium specimens collected over 193 years to directly link genetic variation with climate change. While we find that the essential transcription factors SPCH, MUTE and FAMA, central to stomatal development, are under strong evolutionary constraints, several regulators of stomatal development show signs of local adaptation in contemporary samples from different geographic regions. We then develop a functional score based on known effects of gene knock-out on stomatal development that recovers a classic pattern of stomatal density decrease over the past centuries, suggesting a genetic component contributing to this change. This approach combining historical genomics with functional experimental knowledge could allow further investigations of how different, even in historical samples unmeasurable, cellular plant phenotypes may have already responded to climate change through adaptive evolution. Exploring genomic data from contemporary and 191 Arabidopsis thaliana herbarium specimens collected over 193 years, the authors identify signs of local adaptation in regulators of stomatal development in contemporary samples from different geographic regions, then use functional scoring to identify a genetic component contributing to this change.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 9","pages":"1641-1653"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02481-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water limitation regulates positive feedback of increased ecosystem respiration","authors":"Qin Zhang, Chuixiang Yi, Georgia Destouni, Georg Wohlfahrt, Yakov Kuzyakov, Runze Li, Eric Kutter, Deliang Chen, Max Rietkerk, Stefano Manzoni, Zhenkun Tian, George Hendrey, Wei Fang, Nir Krakauer, Gustaf Hugelius, Jerker Jarsjo, Jianxu Han, Shiguo Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02501-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02501-w","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial ecosystem respiration increases exponentially with temperature, constituting a positive feedback loop accelerating global warming. However, the response of ecosystem respiration to temperature strongly depends on water availability, yet where and when the water effects are important, is presently poorly constrained, introducing uncertainties in climate–carbon cycle feedback projections. Here, we disentangle the effects of temperature and precipitation (a proxy for water availability) on ecosystem respiration by analysing eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements across 212 globally distributed sites. We reveal a threshold precipitation function, determined by the balance between precipitation and ecosystem water demand, which separates temperature-limited and water-limited respiration. Respiration is temperature limited for precipitation above that threshold function, whereas in drier areas water limitation reduces the temperature sensitivity of respiration and its positive feedback to global warming. If the trend of expansion of water-limited areas with warming climate over the last decades continues, the positive feedback of ecosystem respiration is likely to be weakened and counteracted by the increasing water limitation. Eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements across 212 globally distributed sites reveal a threshold above which ecosystem respiration is temperature limited and below which it is water limited.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1870-1876"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and biodiversity influence community stability differently in birds and fishes","authors":"Shyamolina Ghosh, Blake Matthews, Owen L. Petchey","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02493-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02493-7","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the factors that affect community stability is crucial to understanding the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of global warming. We investigated how four temperature components (that is, median, variability, trend and extremes) affected diversity–synchrony–stability relationships for 1,246 bird and 580 fish communities from temperate regions. We hypothesized a stabilizing effect on the community if the variation in species’ response to changing median temperature decreases overall community synchrony (hypothesis H1) and if temperature extremes reduce interspecific synchrony at extreme abundances due to variation in species’ thermal tolerance limits (hypothesis H2). We found support for H1 in fish and for H2 in bird communities. Here we showed that the abiotic components (that is, the median, variability, trend and extremes of temperature) had more indirect effects on community stability, predominantly by affecting the biotic components (that is, diversity, synchrony). Considering various temperature components’ direct as well as indirect impacts on stability for terrestrial versus aquatic communities will improve our mechanistic understanding of biodiversity change in response to global climatic stressors. Four temperature components are shown to have different effects on diversity–synchrony–stability relationships in 1,246 bird communities versus 580 fish communities from temperate regions.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1835-1846"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What we know and do not know after the first decade of Homo naledi","authors":"Paul Pettitt, Bernard Wood","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02470-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02470-0","url":null,"abstract":"It has been just over 10 years since the first fossils attributed to Homo naledi were recovered from the Rising Star Cave system in South Africa’s Cradle of Humankind. The hominin fossil evidence for H. naledi displays a distinctive combination of primitive and derived morphology, yet for a time-averaged fossil sample it is remarkable for its relatively low level of variation. Thus—unusually for palaeoanthropology—there has been little pushback against the decision to recognize a single novel taxon for all of the material recovered from the Rising Star Cave system. However, almost everything else claimed about H. naledi—its age, burial context and behaviour—has been controversial. Here we examine the strength of the evidence for these claims. Ten years after the discovery of Homo naledi, the authors explore the various anatomical and behavioural evidence accumulated for this intriguing species.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 9","pages":"1579-1583"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}