{"title":"Adaptive zones of feliforms and evolutionary regimes within terrestrial mammalian carnivores","authors":"Paul Z. Barrett, Samantha S. B. Hopkins","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03176-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03176-1","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial carnivores have repeatedly evolved similar ecomorphologies, yet the relationship between dental morphology and diet remains inconsistently predictive and seemingly at odds with this observation. Here we examine the presence of carnivore adaptive zones and this form/function mismatch using a total-evidence phylogeny of living and extinct feliforms, modelling the evolution of body mass and dental toolkit (relative blade length of the lower carnassial). We identify three adaptive zones within feliforms: (1) an ancestral cataract of carnivory, comprising small-bodied, ecologically flexible taxa with largely stochastic dental evolution; (2) the broad ecology cursor, associated with restricted forelimb dexterity and increased reliance on cranial prey processing; and (3) the soft-flesh specialist, defined by strong selection for slicing-dominated dentitions in hypercarnivores. Extending beyond feliforms, we propose a fourth zone, the versatile omnivore, representing a distinct adaptive zone of dietary and morphological flexibility at large size. Across these regimes, dental morphology receives strong selection only in hypercarnivores, resulting in reliable predictions of diet. In contrast, taxa with broader diets show stochastic dental evolution, leading to the frequent misclassification observed in recent studies. This framework reconciles longstanding links between morphology and ecology with their inconsistencies, providing a predictive model for terrestrial carnivore evolution. The relationship between the form and function of terrestrial carnivore dentition is inconsistent, despite repeated evolution of similar ecomorphologies. Here the authors compile a total-evidence phylogeny to identify three adaptive zones within feliforms and to show that reliable predictions of diet can only be made in hypercarnivores.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 10","pages":"1812-1822"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ancient vocabulary for evolving cells","authors":"Kun Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03186-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03186-z","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative multi-omic study finds that family-biased repertoires of short regulatory DNA motifs remain conserved over greater evolutionary distances than do the motif sets and co-occurring motif pairs associated with individual cell types.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 10","pages":"1796-1797"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chew Chai, Jesse Gibson, Pengyang Li, Brennan D. McDonald, Anusri Pampari, Aman Patel, Anshul Kundaje, Bo Wang
{"title":"Flexible use of conserved motifs constrains genome access in cell type evolution","authors":"Chew Chai, Jesse Gibson, Pengyang Li, Brennan D. McDonald, Anusri Pampari, Aman Patel, Anshul Kundaje, Bo Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03164-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03164-5","url":null,"abstract":"Cell types can be organized into related families, but the regulatory mechanisms that define and maintain these families across deep evolutionary time remain unknown. Here, combining single-nucleus multi-omic sequencing with deep learning to analyse the accessible genomes of two groups of vastly divergent animals including flatworms and vertebrates, we find that hundreds of accessibility-dictating sequence motifs partition into distinct yet conserved sets, or ‘vocabularies’, each associated with a specific cell type family. However, combinatorial relationships among these motifs preferred by individual cell types are largely species specific. Deep-learning models trained on one species accurately predict family-level chromatin accessibility in distantly related species, albeit frequently rely on different motifs from shared vocabularies to reach convergent predictions. By contrast, models trained on individual cell types within a family lose cross-species predictive power, indicating that the regulatory syntax governing cell type-level identity evolves rapidly. We propose a ‘collective maintenance’ model in which motif vocabularies defining cell type families are evolutionarily stable, while recombination of these motifs generates cell type-specific regulatory programmes. This suggests that family identity is maintained collectively by large, conserved pools of regulatory factors, analogous to the logic of developmental homology, where character identity persists through network-level conservation despite extensive rewiring. Applying deep-learning models to single-nucleus multi-omic sequencing data from flatworms and vertebrates, the authors propose that sets of sequence motifs defining cell type families are evolutionarily stable, while recombination of these motifs generates cell type-specific regulatory programmes.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 10","pages":"1941-1958"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Butterfly effects","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03182-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03182-3","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies illustrate the pervasive, and growing, impact of climate change on the distribution and abundance of even common species, as well as how conservation policymakers must recalibrate their strategies to account for these shifts.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 9","pages":"1575-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-026-03182-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatially explicit forecasts of tree insect and disease incidence across North American forests under future climate scenarios.","authors":"Zihui Wang, Andrew V Gougherty, T Jonathan Davies","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03163-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-026-03163-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shifts in insect and pathogen pressure with climate change present a potential threat to forest health, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Here we evaluate climatic effects on insect and pathogen incidence across North America and forecast their future trends under climate scenarios. Using Bayesian hierarchical regression fit to records on more than 1 million trees, we show that warming and drought jointly exacerbate insect and disease incidence in historically colder and wetter regions, while reducing incidence in warmer and drier regions. Models allowing contemporary climate effects to depend on historical climate context better predict observed insect and disease incidence than models assuming quadratic functions of contemporary climate alone. Climate effects on incidence further vary among host species, mediated by tree climatic niches and functional traits, and differ across insect and pathogen taxa. Using ensemble climate projections, we forecast that under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2-4.5 scenario, insect and pathogen incidence will increase across, respectively, 58% and 52% of forest land over the coming decades, with the largest impacts at high latitudes. Incorporating the variability of climate impacts across space and taxa, our work will help in predicting climate-driven insect and pathogen risk for North American forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jumping spiders (genus Portia)","authors":"Ximena Nelson","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03174-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03174-3","url":null,"abstract":"Jumping spiders have taught Ximena Nelson that patience can be rewarding.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 10","pages":"2000-2000"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Hausharter, Johannes Wessely, Norbert Helm, Kryštof Chytrý, Karl Hülber, Dietmar Moser, Mary Carolina García Lino, Katharina Kagerl, Andrea Lamprecht, Jonathan Lenoir, Andreas Kollert, Andreas Mayr, Martin Rutzinger, Philippe Choler, Pieter De Frenne, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Otar Abdaladze, Chris Andrews, Peter Barančok, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Eva M. Cañadas, Michele Carbognani, Pau Carnicero, Emmanuel Corcket, Michele Di Musciano, Jan Dick, Khatuna Gigauri, Andreas Hilpold, Juan J. Jiménez, Juan Lorite, Umberto Morra di Cella, Panagiotis Nyktas, Simone Orsenigo, Andrej Palaj, Martina Petey, Mihai Pușcaș, Christophe Randin, Ilektra Remoundou, Christian Rixen, Patrick Saccone, Angela Stanisci, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Thomas Vanneste, Raphael S. von Büren, Sonja Wipf, Manuela Winkler, Harald Pauli, Stefan Dullinger
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Widespread thermophilization but weak link to climate warming in Europe’s summit plant communities","authors":"Johannes Hausharter, Johannes Wessely, Norbert Helm, Kryštof Chytrý, Karl Hülber, Dietmar Moser, Mary Carolina García Lino, Katharina Kagerl, Andrea Lamprecht, Jonathan Lenoir, Andreas Kollert, Andreas Mayr, Martin Rutzinger, Philippe Choler, Pieter De Frenne, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Otar Abdaladze, Chris Andrews, Peter Barančok, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Eva M. Cañadas, Michele Carbognani, Pau Carnicero, Emmanuel Corcket, Michele Di Musciano, Jan Dick, Khatuna Gigauri, Andreas Hilpold, Juan J. Jiménez, Juan Lorite, Umberto Morra di Cella, Panagiotis Nyktas, Simone Orsenigo, Andrej Palaj, Martina Petey, Mihai Pușcaș, Christophe Randin, Ilektra Remoundou, Christian Rixen, Patrick Saccone, Angela Stanisci, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Thomas Vanneste, Raphael S. von Büren, Sonja Wipf, Manuela Winkler, Harald Pauli, Stefan Dullinger","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03189-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03189-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 10","pages":"1999-1999"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-026-03189-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zi Jing Zhang (, ), Zhongbin B. Li (, ), Mengqiu Wang (, ), Alexey Egorov, David P. Edwards, Jiquan Chen, Qiping Wu (, ), Yaowei Feng (, ), Li Luo (, ), Lan Yang (, ), Bin Fan (, ), Yule Ma (, ), Wei Kang (, ), Hankui K. Zhang (, ), Zhenci Xu (, )
{"title":"Fourfold increase in fragmentation from road expansion in Siberian intact forests since 2000","authors":"Zi Jing Zhang \u0000 (, ), Zhongbin B. Li \u0000 (, ), Mengqiu Wang \u0000 (, ), Alexey Egorov, David P. Edwards, Jiquan Chen, Qiping Wu \u0000 (, ), Yaowei Feng \u0000 (, ), Li Luo \u0000 (, ), Lan Yang \u0000 (, ), Bin Fan \u0000 (, ), Yule Ma \u0000 (, ), Wei Kang \u0000 (, ), Hankui K. Zhang \u0000 (, ), Zhenci Xu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03162-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03162-7","url":null,"abstract":"Road development is a major driver of forest degradation worldwide, accelerating habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and carbon emissions. Although these consequences have been documented in tropical forests, the spatiotemporal dynamics and ecological impacts of road expansion in boreal intact forest landscapes (IFLs) remain poorly understood, particularly for the central-eastern Siberian IFLs, an ~1.71 million km2 wilderness and carbon sink. To address this gap, we analysed 20,480 Landsat satellite images from 2000 to 2023, and found a 1.6-fold increase in road area and length across this region. Road expansion, spatially linked to logging and mining activities, occupied ~1,046 km2 of IFLs, intensified forest fragmentation 4.3-fold and increased IFL edges within 30 m of roads 1.2-fold. Between 2010 and 2023 alone, road expansion directly contributed to 39.1 megatonnes of aboveground biomass loss. These findings highlight the urgent need for improved road planning and policies that balance economic development with boreal forest conservation. Analysing Landsat satellite images between 2000 and 2023, the authors show that road expansion linked to logging and mining in the central-eastern Siberian intact forest landscape has intensified forest fragmentation and contributed to more than 39 megatonnes of aboveground biomass loss.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 10","pages":"1873-1885"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-026-03162-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huimin Yi, Olga Ferlian, Phillip J. Becker, Henriette Christel, Yuanyuan Huang, Michael Köhler, Ina C. Meier, Hafeez Ul Haq, Tesfaye Wubet, Nico Eisenhauer
{"title":"Tree diversity and mycorrhizal type independently shape multitrophic biodiversity, with stronger effects belowground than aboveground","authors":"Huimin Yi, Olga Ferlian, Phillip J. Becker, Henriette Christel, Yuanyuan Huang, Michael Köhler, Ina C. Meier, Hafeez Ul Haq, Tesfaye Wubet, Nico Eisenhauer","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03147-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03147-6","url":null,"abstract":"Tree diversity declines and shifts in mycorrhizal dominance may have cascading effects on multitrophic diversity. Whether the effects are additive or synergistic and consistent across taxa and functional groups is unclear. Here we test how microorganisms and invertebrates spanning multiple trophic levels, both above- and belowground, respond to experimental manipulation of tree species richness and mycorrhizal type in a young forest stand (the MyDiv experiment in Germany). Tree diversity increased belowground abundance and taxonomic richness of microorganisms and lower-trophic-level nematodes, cascading to meso- and macrofauna predators, whereas aboveground effects were limited to foliar fungi and soil-surface omnivores. Mycorrhizal type strongly structured belowground food webs and influenced aboveground predators, but mixtures showed only additive effects. For most trophic groups, diversity responses were similar across mycorrhizal types. Tree diversity and mycorrhizal type effects were mediated by leaf quality, canopy complexity and nutrient availability. Our results highlight tree diversity and mycorrhizal type as potentially distinct drivers of multitrophic biodiversity, primarily governing belowground bottom-up effects. Tree diversity and mycorrhizal dominance are considered major drivers of multitrophic diversity and ecosystem functioning in forests. Here the authors disentangle the effects of these factors on above- and belowground trophic levels in a tree diversity–mycorrhiza diversity experiment.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 9","pages":"1628-1643"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-026-03147-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natasha R. Granville, Jessica J. Williams, Vivienne P. Groner, Jos Barlow, Matthew G. Betts, Gergana N. Daskalova, Robert M. Ewers, Luiz dos Anjos, Victor Arroyo-Rodriguez, Luc Barbaro, Alexis Cerezo, Pedro F. Develey, Jack H. Hatfield, Hervé Jactel, Jordan Karubian, Urs G. Kormann, Jesse R. Lasky, Charles J. Marsh, Luiz A. M. Mestre, José Carlos Morante-Filho, Pieter Olivier, Benjamin T. Phalan, Anna M. Pidgeon, Vânia Proença, Julien Terraube, Alexandre Uezu, Eric M. Wood, Alex L. Pigot, Cristina Banks-Leite
{"title":"Temperature mediates variation in avian sensitivity to forest cover","authors":"Natasha R. Granville, Jessica J. Williams, Vivienne P. Groner, Jos Barlow, Matthew G. Betts, Gergana N. Daskalova, Robert M. Ewers, Luiz dos Anjos, Victor Arroyo-Rodriguez, Luc Barbaro, Alexis Cerezo, Pedro F. Develey, Jack H. Hatfield, Hervé Jactel, Jordan Karubian, Urs G. Kormann, Jesse R. Lasky, Charles J. Marsh, Luiz A. M. Mestre, José Carlos Morante-Filho, Pieter Olivier, Benjamin T. Phalan, Anna M. Pidgeon, Vânia Proença, Julien Terraube, Alexandre Uezu, Eric M. Wood, Alex L. Pigot, Cristina Banks-Leite","doi":"10.1038/s41559-026-03160-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-026-03160-9","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence shows that responses to deforestation can differ both across species and among populations of the same species. The reasons underlying these complex patterns are unclear, and this lack of clarity is a barrier to accurate monitoring and prediction of biodiversity change. Using data from 2,262 bird species across 7,326 sites from all forested continents, we show that between-species and within-species variations in responses to forest cover are mediated by temperature. Populations in warmer macroclimates tend to decline in incidence in deforested landscapes because hotter microclimates push them closer to their species’ realized upper thermal tolerance limits. By contrast, populations in cooler macroclimates tend to be less affected by or even benefit from deforestation, as microclimatic temperatures are pushed closer to more optimal temperatures. Our findings offer an empirically grounded framework for biodiversity models that move beyond fixed species responses and incorporate interactions between temperature and land-use change. Land-use and climate change may have synergistic impacts on biodiversity. This global analysis shows that the sensitivity of bird species and populations to deforestation is modulated by their thermal ecology and forest cover effects on microclimate.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"10 10","pages":"1914-1926"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-026-03160-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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