Nature ecology & evolution最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of evolvability in rapidly adapting populations","authors":"James T. Ferrare, Benjamin H. Good","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02527-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02527-0","url":null,"abstract":"Mutations can alter the short-term fitness of an organism, as well as the rates and benefits of future mutations. While numerous examples of these evolvability modifiers have been observed in rapidly adapting microbial populations, existing theory struggles to predict when they will be favoured by natural selection. Here we develop a mathematical framework for predicting the fates of genetic variants that modify the rates and benefits of future mutations in linked genomic regions. We derive analytical expressions showing how the fixation probabilities of these variants depend on the size of the population and the diversity of competing mutations. We find that competition between linked mutations can dramatically enhance selection for modifiers that increase the benefits of future mutations, even when they impose a strong direct cost on fitness. However, we also find that modest direct benefits can be sufficient to drive evolutionary dead ends to fixation. Our results suggest that subtle differences in evolvability could play an important role in shaping the long-term success of genetic variants in rapidly evolving microbial populations. Evolvability modifier mutations alter the rates and benefits of future mutations, but it is difficult to predict when they will be favoured by natural selection. A mathematical framework shows that competition between linked mutations can drive strong selection for modifiers and that subtle differences in evolvability can affect the long-term success of mutations.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 11","pages":"2085-2096"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142166421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"David Penny (1938–2024)","authors":"Matthew J. Phillips, Anthony M. Poole, Patricia A. McLenachan, Peter J. Lockhart, Michael D. Hendy","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02540-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02540-3","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical biologist who ‘tamed’ mathematicians and tested the theory of evolution.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 11","pages":"2006-2007"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02540-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142166423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International wildlife trade quotas are characterized by high compliance and coverage but insufficient adaptive management","authors":"Oscar Morton, Vincent Nijman, David P. Edwards","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02531-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02531-4","url":null,"abstract":"Effective management of international wildlife trade is crucial to ensure sustainability. Quotas are a common trade management tool and specify an annual number of individuals to be exported, yet at present there is no global assessment of quota coverage and compliance. Using over 7,000 country–year specific reptile quotas established under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) covering 343 species, we quantify quota coverage, compliance, trade trends pre-quota and post-quota setting and whether quotas likely represent adaptive management. Quotas predominantly concerned live wild-sourced reptiles, with only 6.6% of live non-zero quotas exceeded and 4.5% of zero quotas subverted. For 62.3% of species, quotas were established higher than pre-quota trade, with traded volumes post-quota mainly unchanged or higher than pre-quota establishment, thus potentially facilitating sustainable trade. Over 38% of quota series of species remained at the same level each year, with the longest-running quotas proportionately updated the least, indicating that many quotas do not change adaptively in response to changing threats to species through time. Greater specificity in exactly what quotas cover, justification for unchanged quotas and transparency over quota determination are needed to ensure that high compliance equates to sustainable use. Analysis of more than 7,000 quotas for reptile trade from around the world identifies that few quotas are exceeded, although quotas often exceed pre-quota trade volumes, and that many quotas remain unchanged, with the longest-running quotas proportionately changing the least.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 11","pages":"2048-2057"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02531-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi equalize differences in plant fitness and facilitate plant species coexistence through niche differentiation","authors":"Claire E. Willing, Joe Wan, Jay J. Yeam, Alex M. Cessna, Kabir G. Peay","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02526-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02526-1","url":null,"abstract":"Mycorrhizal fungi are essential to the establishment of the vast majority of plant species but are often conceptualized with contradictory roles in plant community assembly. On the one hand, host-specific mycorrhizal fungi may allow a plant to be competitively dominant by enhancing growth. On the other hand, host-specific mycorrhizal fungi with different functional capabilities may increase nutrient niche partitioning, allowing plant species to coexist. Here, to resolve the balance of these two contradictory forces, we used a controlled greenhouse study to manipulate the presence of two main types of mycorrhizal fungus, ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and used a range of conspecific and heterospecific competitor densities to investigate the role of mycorrhizal fungi in plant competition and coexistence. We find that the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi equalizes fitness differences between plants and stabilizes competition to create conditions for host species coexistence. Our results show how below-ground mutualisms can shift outcomes of plant competition and that a holistic view of plant communities that incorporates their mycorrhizal partners is important in predicting plant community dynamics. A controlled greenhouse study that manipulated the presence of both ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a range of conspecific and heterospecific plant competitor densities shows that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote plant species coexistence by equalizing fitness differences and stabilizing competition.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 11","pages":"2058-2071"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unbalanced history misrepresents the study of human evolution","authors":"Agustín Fuentes","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02541-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02541-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 11","pages":"2008-2009"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five lessons for avoiding failure when scaling in conservation","authors":"Thomas Pienkowski, Arundhati Jagadish, Willow Battista, Gloria Christelle Blaise, Alec Philip Christie, Matt Clark, Antony Philip Emenyu, Abha Joglekar, Kristian Steensen Nielsen, Tom Powell, Thomas White, Morena Mills","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02507-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02507-4","url":null,"abstract":"Many attempts to scale conservation actions have failed to deliver their intended benefits, caused unintended harm or later been abandoned, hampering efforts to bend the curve on biodiversity loss. Here we encourage those calling for scaling to pause and reflect on past scaling efforts, which offer valuable lessons: the total impact of an action depends on both its effectiveness and scalability; effectiveness can change depending on scale for multiple reasons; feedback processes can change socio-ecological conditions influencing future adoption; and the drive to scale can incentivize bad practices that undermine long-term outcomes. Cutting across these themes is the recognition that monitoring scaling can enhance evidence-informed adaptive management, reporting and research. We draw on evidence and concepts from disparate fields, explore new linkages between often isolated concepts and suggest strategies for practitioners, policymakers and researchers. Reflecting on these five lessons may help in the scaling of effective conservation actions in responsible ways to meet the triple goals of reversing biodiversity loss, combating climate change and supporting human wellbeing. This Perspective encourages conservation practitioners to learn from past efforts to scale conservation actions in the hope that enhanced understanding of linkages between scaling, effectiveness and social justice will benefit future attempts to scale up, out and deep.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1804-1814"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islands are engines of language diversity","authors":"Lindell Bromham, Keaghan J. Yaxley, Marcel Cardillo","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02488-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02488-4","url":null,"abstract":"Islands have played a prominent role in evolutionary and ecological theory, centring the theoretical framework for understanding biodiversity in terms of isolation and area and providing ‘laboratories’ of evolutionary change and adaptive radiation. However, a similar role for islands in understanding global language diversity has not been established, even though one-sixth of the world’s languages are spoken on islands which account for <1% of the inhabited land area. The striking diversity of island languages remains largely unexplained. We construct a global database which reveals that 10% of the world’s languages are endemic to islands (landmasses <11,000 km2) and we test several key theories of language evolution and diversity. We show that language diversity on islands increases with area but does not show a steady decrease with isolation, nor are island languages at elevated risk of loss. However, number of endemic languages per island increases with both area and isolation. We demonstrate that islands shape language evolution, with fewer phonemes (distinct sounds) in island endemic languages with increasing isolation. Our results suggest that islands generate language diversity by accelerating both language change and diversification. Constructing and exploring a global database, the authors find that 10% of the world’s languages are endemic to islands (a disproportionately large amount) and island area predicts number of languages. However, languages appear not to conform to all predictions of island biogeography theory.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1991-2002"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latitudinal gradients in seed predation persist in urbanized environments","authors":"Anna L. Hargreaves, John Ensing, Olivia Rahn, Fernanda M. P. Oliveira, Jérôme Burkiewicz, Joëlle Lafond, Sybille Haeussler, M. Brooke Byerley-Best, Kira Lazda, Heather L. Slinn, Ella Martin, Matthew L. Carlson, Todd L. Sformo, Emma Dawson-Glass, Mariana C. Chiuffo, Yalma L. Vargas-Rodriguez, Carlos I. García-Jiménez, Inácio J. M. T. Gomes, Sandra Klemet-N’Guessan, Lucas Paolucci, Simon Joly, Klaus Mehltreter, Jenny Muñoz, Carmela Buono, Jedediah F. Brodie, Antonio Rodriguez-Campbell, Thor Veen, Benjamin G. Freeman, Julie A. Lee-Yaw, Juan Camilo Muñoz, Alexandra Paquette, Jennifer Butler, Esteban Suaréz","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02504-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02504-7","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization is creating a new global biome, in which cities and suburbs around the world often resemble each other more than the local natural areas they replaced. But while urbanization can profoundly affect ecology at local scales, we know little about whether it disrupts large-scale ecological patterns. Here we test whether urbanization disrupts a macroecological pattern central to ecological and evolutionary theory: the increase in seed predation intensity from high to low latitudes. Across 14,000 km of latitude spanning the Americas, we compared predation intensity on two species of standardized experimental seeds in urbanized and natural areas. In natural areas, predation on both seed species increased fivefold from high latitudes to the tropics, one of the strongest latitudinal gradients in species interactions documented so far. Surprisingly, latitudinal gradients in predation were equally strong in urbanized areas despite significant habitat modification. Nevertheless, urbanization did affect seed predation. Compared with natural areas, urbanization reduced overall predation and vertebrate predation, did not affect predation by invertebrates in general, and increased predation by ants. Our results show that macroecological patterns in predation intensity can persist in urbanized environments, even as urbanization alters the relative importance of predators and potentially the evolutionary trajectory of urban populations. Seed predation increases from the Arctic to the tropics, but it is unknown whether urbanization disrupts this latitudinal pattern. An experimental study conducted across the Americas shows that the latitudinal gradient in predation holds in urban areas, even though total seed predation is reduced.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1897-1906"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenology varies with phylogeny but not by trophic level with climate change","authors":"Deirdre Loughnan, Simon Joly, Geoffrey Legault, Heather M. Kharouba, Michael Betancourt, E. M. Wolkovich","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02499-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02499-1","url":null,"abstract":"Shifts in phenology with climate change can lead to asynchrony between interacting species, with cascading impacts on ecosystem services. Previous meta-analyses have produced conflicting results on whether asynchrony has increased in recent decades, but the underlying data have also varied—including in species composition, interaction types and whether studies compared data grouped by trophic level or compared shifts in known interacting species pairs. Here, using updated data from previous studies and a Bayesian phylogenetic model, we found that species have advanced an average of 3.1 days per decade across 1,279 time series across 29 taxonomic classes. We found no evidence that shifts vary by trophic level: shifts were similar when grouped by trophic level, and for species pairs when grouped by their type of interaction—either as paired species known to interact or as randomly paired species. Phenology varied with phylogeny (λ = 0.4), suggesting that uneven sampling of species may affect estimates of phenology and potentially phenological shifts. These results could aid forecasting for well-sampled groups but suggest that climate change has not yet led to widespread increases in phenological asynchrony across interacting species, although substantial biases in current data make forecasting for most groups difficult. Data from 1,279 time series across 29 taxonomic classes analysed with a Bayesian phylogenetic model shows that species phenology has advanced by 3.1 days per decade on average, with the timing of events varying by phylogeny but no evidence of differences in phenological shifts by trophic level.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 10","pages":"1889-1896"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Soil health is associated with higher primary productivity across Europe","authors":"Ferran Romero, Maëva Labouyrie, Alberto Orgiazzi, Cristiano Ballabio, Panos Panagos, Arwyn Jones, Leho Tedersoo, Mohammad Bahram, Carlos A. Guerra, Nico Eisenhauer, Dongxue Tao, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Pablo García-Palacios, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02550-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02550-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"8 11","pages":"2150-2150"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02550-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}