Nature ecology & evolution最新文献

{"title":"A globally consistent negative effect of edge on aboveground forest biomass","authors":"Gayoung Yang, Thomas W. Crowther, Thomas Lauber, Constantin M. Zohner, Gabriel Reuben Smith","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02840-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02840-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Because of widespread forest fragmentation, 70% of the world’s forest area lies within 1 km of an edge. Forest biomass density near edges often differs markedly from biomass density in the interior. In some biomes, these ‘edge effects’ are responsible for substantial reductions in forest carbon storage. However, there is little consensus on the direction and magnitude of edge effects on forest biomass across the globe, which hampers their consideration in forest carbon stock accounting. Here we examined eight million forested locations to quantify variability in edge effects on biomass at a global scale. We found negative edge effects across 97% of examined areas, with aboveground biomass density on average 16% lower near edges than in interior forests. Higher temperature, precipitation and proportion of agricultural land were linked to more negative edge effects. Along with differences in the spatial scale of analysis, this variation can explain contrasting observations among previous studies. We estimate that edge effects have reduced the total aboveground biomass of forests by 9%, equivalent to a loss of 58 Pg. These findings underscore the substantial impact of forest fragmentation on global biomass stocks and highlight the critical need to account for edge effects in carbon stock assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial reversal of dominance maintains a large-effect resistance polymorphism under fluctuating insecticide selection","authors":"Marianthi Karageorgi, Anastasia S. Lyulina, Mark C. Bitter, Egor Lappo, Sharon I. Greenblum, Zach K. Mouza, Caitlynn T. Tran, Andy V. Huynh, Hayes Oken, Paul Schmidt, Dmitri A. Petrov","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02853-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02853-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-effect standing genetic variation is commonly found in natural populations and must be maintained in the face of directional natural selection. Theory suggests that under fluctuating selective pressures, beneficial reversal of dominance—where alleles are dominant when beneficial and recessive when deleterious—can strongly stabilize large-effect polymorphisms. However, empirical evidence for this mechanism remains limited because testing requires measurements of selection and dominance in fitness in natural conditions. Here we investigate large-effect fitness polymorphisms at the <i>Ace</i> locus of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> that confer insecticide resistance and persist at intermediate frequencies worldwide. By combining laboratory and large-scale field mesocosm experiments with insecticide manipulation and mathematical modelling, we show that the benefits of the resistant <i>Ace</i> alleles are dominant in pesticide-rich environments, while their fitness costs are recessive in pesticide-free environments. We further show that temporally fluctuating insecticide selection generates chromosome-scale genomic perturbations at sites linked to the resistant <i>Ace</i> alleles. Overall, our results suggest that beneficial reversal of dominance under temporally fluctuating selection might plausibly contribute to the maintenance of functional genetic variation and, by stabilizing large frequency fluctuations, impact long-range patterns of genomic variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine muses","authors":"Rene P. Martin","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02867-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02867-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h2><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"//media.springernature.com/h113/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41559-025-02867-5/MediaObjects/41559_2025_2867_Figa_HTML.png\"/></span><span>Ocean Art: From the Shore to the Deep</span></h2><ul data-test=\"authors-list\"><li><i>Helen Scales</i></li></ul>REAKTION BOOKS: 2025. 240 pp. £20<p>Art and science of the marine realm are deeply interconnected, each enriching our understanding of the ocean and its importance in our world. For centuries, naturalists and scientists have revealed the complexity of marine ecosystems, from microscopic plankton to vast coral reefs. Today, science is providing critical knowledge about our effects on marine life. Art can translate these findings into compelling visual or emotional experiences. Together, they help to communicate the importance of protecting marine environments for future generations and can inspire both awareness and action.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct mortality due to humans threatens migratory shorebirds","authors":"Dan Liang, Tong Mu, Ziyou Yang, Yudi Wang, Jing Li, Minghai Huang, Yuelou Liu, Luting Song, Shangxiao Cai, Xuelian Zhang, Yixiao Wang, Zhikai Liao, Shixiang Fan, Barry R. Noon, Xingli Giam, Yang Liu, David S. Wilcove","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02848-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02848-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The decline of migratory shorebirds in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway has attracted global attention. Conservation efforts thus far have targeted habitat loss and degradation in the Yellow Sea region, with little attention having been given to direct mortality by humans. Here we studied the impacts of direct mortality of shorebirds along China’s coast during migration from hunting, fishery bycatch and, at aquaculture sites, bird deterrence measures. We estimated that approximately 47,870 shorebirds were killed at 19 stopover sites per year, mainly from hunting and deterrence. Mortalities for 11 shorebird species account for 1% to 10% of their known total flyway populations. Conservative annual direct mortality rates for four species exceeded sustainable levels, with nine other species approaching unsustainable levels. Direct mortality due to humans is clearly a major overlooked threat to migratory shorebird populations along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Reducing it is essential to conserving these declining species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sound science","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02860-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-025-02860-y","url":null,"abstract":"Passive acoustic monitoring is opening up new opportunities for biodiversity monitoring, but there is still work to do to ensure that it represents a reliable method for biodiversity reporting.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"9 9","pages":"1531-1531"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-025-02860-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying evolutionary theory to understand host–microbiome evolution","authors":"Bob Week,&nbsp;Shelbi L. Russell,&nbsp;Hinrich Schulenburg,&nbsp;Brendan J. M. Bohannan,&nbsp;Marjolein Bruijning","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02846-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-025-02846-w","url":null,"abstract":"All plants and animals are host to a community of microorganisms, their microbiotas, which have crucial influences on the life history and performance of their hosts. Despite the importance of such host–microbiota relationships, relatively little is known about the role microbiotas have in mediating evolution of the host and entire host–microbe assemblages. This knowledge gap is partly due to the lack of theoretical frameworks that generate testable predictions on the evolutionary dynamics of host–microbiota systems. In this Perspective, we argue that the foundation for such frameworks exists in evolutionary theory. We highlight four examples of theoretical models—niche construction, indirect genetic effects, maternal effects and multilevel selection—that capture important aspects of host–microbiome evolution. We outline how each of these frameworks can provide key insights into the evolution of host–microbiota systems while also suggesting expansions of current theory to incorporate processes unique to host–microbe assemblages; for instance, focusing on nuances in microbiota transmission and ecological microbial community dynamics. Expanding evolutionary theory to accommodate host–microbiota associations is key for a more integrative understanding of evolution, and the approach outlined here can guide future empirical research on the function and evolution of these ubiquitous interactions. This Perspective discusses how well-established theoretical models of evolution can be adapted to study and generate testable predictions about the evolutionary dynamics of host–microbiota associations.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"9 10","pages":"1769-1780"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Inferring DNA methylation in non-skeletal tissues of ancient specimens","authors":"Yoav Mathov,&nbsp;Malka Nissim-Rafinia,&nbsp;Chen Leibson,&nbsp;Nir Galun,&nbsp;Tomas Marques-Bonet,&nbsp;Arye Kandel,&nbsp;Meir Liebergall,&nbsp;Eran Meshorer,&nbsp;Liran Carmel","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02865-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-025-02865-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"9 10","pages":"1962-1962"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-025-02865-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems","authors":"Gregory F. Albery, Daniel J. Becker, Josh A. Firth, Delphine De Moor, Sanjana Ravindran, Matthew Silk, Amy R. Sweeny, Eric Vander Wal, Quinn Webber, Bryony Allen, Simon A. Babayan, Sahas Barve, Mike Begon, Richard J. Birtles, Theadora A. Block, Barbara A. Block, Janette E. Bradley, Sarah Budischak, Christina Buesching, Sarah J. Burthe, Aaron B. Carlisle, Jennifer E. Caselle, Ciro Cattuto, Alexis S. Chaine, Taylor K. Chapple, Barbara J. Cheney, Timothy Clutton-Brock, Melissa Collier, David J. Curnick, Richard J. Delahay, Damien R. Farine, Andy Fenton, Francesco Ferretti, Laura Feyrer, Helen Fielding, Vivienne Foroughirad, Celine Frere, Michael G. Gardner, Eli Geffen, Stephanie S. Godfrey, Andrea L. Graham, Phil S. Hammond, Maik Henrich, Marco Heurich, Paul Hopwood, Amiyaal Ilany, Joseph A. Jackson, Nicola Jackson, David M. P. Jacoby, Ann-Marie Jacoby, Miloš Ježek, Lucinda Kirkpatrick, Alisa Klamm, James A. Klarevas-Irby, Sarah Knowles, Lee Koren, Ewa Krzyszczyk, Jillian M. Kusch, Xavier Lambin, Jeffrey E. Lane, Herwig Leirs, Stephan T. Leu, Bruce E. Lyon, David W. Macdonald, Anastasia E. Madsen, Janet Mann, Marta Manser, Joachim Mariën, Apia Massawe, Robbie A. McDonald, Kevin Morelle, Johann Mourier, Chris Newman, Kenneth Nussear, Brendah Nyaguthii, Mina Ogino, Laura Ozella, Craig Packer, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Steve Paterson, Eric Payne, Amy B. Pedersen, Josephine M. Pemberton, Noa Pinter-Wollman, Serge Planes, Aura Raulo, Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz, Lauren Rudd, Christopher Sabuni, Pratha Sah, Robert J. Schallert, Ben C. Sheldon, Daizaburo Shizuka, Andrew Sih, David L. Sinn, Vincent Sluydts, Orr Spiegel, Sandra Telfer, Courtney A. Thomason, David M. Tickler, Tom Tregenza, Kimberley VanderWaal, Sam Walmsley, Eric L. Walters, Klara M. Wanelik, Hal Whitehead, Elodie Wielgus, Jared Wilson-Aggarwal, Caroline Wohlfeil, Shweta Bansal","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02843-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02843-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Theory predicts that high population density leads to more strongly connected spatial and social networks, but how local density drives individuals’ positions within their networks is unclear. This gap reduces our ability to understand and predict density-dependent processes. Here we show that density drives greater network connectedness at the scale of individuals within wild animal populations. Across 36 datasets of spatial and social behaviour in &gt;58,000 individual animals, spanning 30 species of fish, reptiles, birds, mammals and insects, 80% of systems exhibit strong positive relationships between local density and network centrality. However, &gt;80% of relationships are nonlinear and 75% are shallower at higher values, indicating saturating trends that probably emerge as a result of demographic and behavioural processes that counteract density’s effects. These are stronger and less saturating in spatial compared with social networks, as individuals become disproportionately spatially connected rather than socially connected at higher densities. Consequently, ecological processes that depend on spatial connections are probably more density dependent than those involving social interactions. These findings suggest fundamental scaling rules governing animal social dynamics, which could help to predict network structures in novel systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heliconia tortuosa","authors":"Matthew G. Betts","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02850-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-025-02850-0","url":null,"abstract":"What being outsmarted by a tropical plant taught Matthew Betts about science.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"9 10","pages":"1963-1963"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus constrains global photosynthesis more than nitrogen does","authors":"Songhan Wang, Philippe Ciais, Peter B. Reich, Alessandro Cescatti, David S. Ellsworth, Ivan A. Janssens, Jordi Sardans, Yiqi Luo, Nicholas G. Smith, Enzai Du, Di Tian, Yu Jiang, Yanfeng Ding, Josep Peñuelas","doi":"10.1038/s41559-025-02842-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02842-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global vegetation growth is thought to be limited by nitrogen (N) more than by other nutrients. Here we document a stronger phosphorus (P) limitation on global photosynthesis compared with N over the last four decades. On the basis of more than 80,000 field observations of foliar nutrients and a machine learning method, we generated a long-term global dataset of foliar N and P concentrations for the period 1980–2017. We show a larger declining rate of foliar P concentration (−0.80 ± 0.008% yr⁻¹) than of N concentration (−0.31 ± 0.002% yr⁻¹). This decline has led to an increase in terrestrial areas limited by foliar P and a widespread constraint on vegetation photosynthesis, more than 1.5 times stronger than the constraint by foliar N. The increasing trend in global photosynthesis over the past 4 decades has been reduced by approximately 17.2% and 6.7% as a result of the decline in foliar P and N, respectively. This stronger P limitation on global photosynthesis implies a weakening of terrestrial carbon sinks due to an emerging P constraint and calls for stricter strategies for reducing anthropogenic emissions to mitigate climatic warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144928231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}