{"title":"Decoding the adaptive immune repertoire for disease prediction","authors":"Laura F. Su","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01249-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01249-2","url":null,"abstract":"A simple blood test that can diagnose or predict one’s risk for autoimmune diseases would revolutionize medicine and transform patient care. Published in Science, Zaslavsky et al. advance this vision with a powerful machine learning framework that leverages immune receptor sequences from T cells and B cells for disease classification.","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 7","pages":"375-376"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex- and gender-based personalized medicine in rheumatology","authors":"Elizabeth R. Volkmann, Carol Feghali-Bostwick","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01246-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01246-5","url":null,"abstract":"Although autoimmune rheumatic diseases are more prevalent in women than men, few clinical trials report findings on the basis of sex and gender. Future clinical trials should report sex and gender differences in treatment and safety outcomes in a standardized manner to improve outcomes for all patients.","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 5","pages":"251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Peyronel, Emanuel Della-Torre, Federica Maritati, Maria L. Urban, Ingeborg Bajema, Nicolas Schleinitz, Augusto Vaglio
{"title":"IgG4-related disease and other fibro-inflammatory conditions","authors":"Francesco Peyronel, Emanuel Della-Torre, Federica Maritati, Maria L. Urban, Ingeborg Bajema, Nicolas Schleinitz, Augusto Vaglio","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01240-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01240-x","url":null,"abstract":"IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibro-inflammatory disorder usually characterized by multi-organ involvement. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves genetic and environmental factors, while immune responses usually mediate organ damage and promote fibrosis, which is a key feature of the disease. IgG4 responses, however, are not exclusive to IgG4-RD and can be encountered in other diseases with phenotypes that partially overlap that of IgG4-RD. Although IgG4-RD has clinical and histological hallmarks, the lack of validated diagnostic criteria often makes the diagnosis challenging, requiring a multi-dimensional approach that integrates clinical, radiological and serological data. The present Review covers recent advances in the understanding of disease drivers and its clinical phenotypes, mainly focusing on the differential diagnosis with potential IgG4-RD mimickers, namely histiocytoses, lymphoproliferative disorders, systemic vasculitides and other immune-mediated conditions. The Review also provides a schematic approach to IgG4-RD treatment, including a brief overview of glucocorticoid-sparing agents and emerging therapies, from B cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies to cytokine-targeting drugs, the majority of which are currently under investigation in randomized clinical trials. IgG4-related disease is a fibro-inflammatory disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Herein the authors review the latest developments in IgG4-related disease clinical phenotyping, pathophysiology and management, with a focus on the main mimics of this disease and how to approach issues related to differential diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 5","pages":"275-290"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex and gender matter for TNF inhibitor therapy in RA","authors":"Holly Webster","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01248-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01248-3","url":null,"abstract":"Findings indicate that women and men with rheumatoid arthritis have different treatment responses to anti-TNF therapy.","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 5","pages":"255-255"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lupus ABC spearheading a new era of collaboration to advance lupus drug development","authors":"Hoang Nguyen, Teodora P. Staeva","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01247-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01247-4","url":null,"abstract":"Despite having a robust drug development pipeline, lupus remains far behind other rheumatic and autoimmune conditions for which dozens of targeted therapies have been developed. Addressing the pervasive, long-standing challenges impeding the field requires a paradigm shift and a patient-powered, community-wide approach, exemplified by the Lupus Accelerating Breakthroughs Consortium (Lupus ABC).","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 5","pages":"253-254"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The causal role of brain circuits in osteoarthritis pain","authors":"Joana Barroso, Paulo Branco, A. Vania Apkarian","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01234-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01234-9","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain worldwide, resulting in substantial disability and placing a substantial burden on patients and society. The hallmark symptom of OA is joint pain. Despite extensive research, new treatments for OA pain remain limited, partly owing to a lack of understanding of underlying pain mechanisms. For a long time, OA pain was seen as a reflection of nociceptive activity at the joint level, and the brain has been viewed as a passive recipient of such information. In this Review, we challenge these concepts and discuss how, over time, the activation of peripheral nociceptors leads to adaptations in the brain that dictate the properties and experience of OA pain. These adaptations are further influenced by the inherent properties of the brain. We review general concepts that distinguish pain from nociception, present evidence on the incongruity between joint injury and experience of OA pain, and review brain circuits that are crucial in the perception of OA pain. Finally, we propose a model that integrates nociception, spinal-cord mechanisms, and central nervous system dynamics, each contributing uniquely to pain perception. This framework has the potential to inform the development of personalized treatment strategies. This Review discusses how pain in osteoarthritis might involve adaptations of brain circuits, and suggests that osteoarthritis pain management should consider targeting central mechanisms of pain in addition to nociceptive neuron activity.","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 5","pages":"261-274"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CXCL7 promotes bone erosion in RA","authors":"Holly Webster","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01245-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01245-6","url":null,"abstract":"A study provides insights into the role of CXCL7 in bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 5","pages":"256-256"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A role for TGFβ and EBV in MIS-C pathogenesis","authors":"Maria Papatriantafyllou","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01244-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01244-7","url":null,"abstract":"TGFβ compromises T cell responses against Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and is associated with EBV reactivation in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 5","pages":"255-255"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alba Pueyo Moliner, Keita Ito, Frank Zaucke, Daniel J. Kelly, Mylène de Ruijter, Jos Malda
{"title":"Restoring articular cartilage: insights from structure, composition and development","authors":"Alba Pueyo Moliner, Keita Ito, Frank Zaucke, Daniel J. Kelly, Mylène de Ruijter, Jos Malda","doi":"10.1038/s41584-025-01236-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41584-025-01236-7","url":null,"abstract":"Articular cartilage can withstand substantial compressive and shear forces within the joint and also reduces friction during motion. The exceptional mechanical properties of articular cartilage stem from its highly organized extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is composed mainly of collagen type II and is pivotal in conferring mechanical durability to the tissue within its proteoglycan-rich matrix. Articular cartilage is prone to injury and degeneration, and current treatments often fail to restore the mechanical function of this tissue. A key challenge is replicating the intricate collagen–proteoglycan network, which is essential for the long-lasting restoration and mechanical durability of the tissue. Understanding articular cartilage development, which arises between late embryonic and early juvenile development, is vital for the creation of durable therapeutic strategies. The development of the articular ECM involves the biosynthesis, fibrillogenesis and self-assembly of the collagen type II network, which, along with proteoglycans and minor ECM components, shapes the architecture of adult articular cartilage. A deeper understanding of these processes could inform biomaterial-based therapies aimed at improving therapeutic outcomes. Emerging biofabrication technologies offer new opportunities to integrate developmental principles into the creation of durable articular cartilage implants. Bridging fundamental biology with innovative engineering offers novel approaches to generating more-durable 3D implants for articular cartilage restoration. Insights from the composition, structure and development of articular cartilage are key for long-term therapeutic strategies to restore articular cartilage. The authors emphasize that future therapies should replicate the depth-dependent alignment of collagen and its interactions with the extracellular matrix to produce implants that mimic the biomechanical properties of cartilage.","PeriodicalId":18810,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology","volume":"21 5","pages":"291-308"},"PeriodicalIF":32.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}