Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Relative strengths in daily living skills among autistic individuals and individuals with related developmental conditions who have co-occurring intellectual disability.","authors":"Elaine B Clarke,Catherine Lord,Vanessa Hus Bal","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70124","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDStrong daily living skills (DLS) are associated with positive outcomes. Prior studies have documented intellectual quotient (IQ)-DLS discrepancies in autistic individuals with average or higher cognitive abilities. Little work in this area includes individuals with co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) or examines IQ-DLS discrepancies at the level of DLS subdomains (i.e., Personal, Domestic, and Community skills). This study examined trajectories of IQ-DLS discrepancies from ages 2-25 in autistic individuals with ID.METHODSA total of 127 individuals from a well-characterized longitudinal cohort with verbal IQ < 70 at age 9 were included. IQ-DLS discrepancy scores were calculated by subtracting DLS AEs from nonverbal mental age (NVMA) estimates. Group-based trajectory modeling identified IQ-DLS discrepancy trajectory groups for the DLS domain and Personal, Domestic, and Community subdomains. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were used to compare trajectory groups on demographic and phenotypic characteristics.RESULTSTwo DLS domain discrepancy trajectory groups emerged: IQ > DLS (cognitive abilities exceeded DLS) and IQ < DLS (DLS exceeded cognitive abilities); most participants (78%) were in the IQ > DLS group. An additional group, IQ = DLS (cognitive abilities and DLS were commensurate), emerged in each of the DLS subdomains, for a total of three trajectory groups. Within DLS subdomains, approximately 80% of participants were in either the IQ = DLS or the IQ < DLS trajectory group. In other words, examining scores at the DLS domain-level indicated most participants had cognitive abilities that exceeded DLS, but subdomain scores indicated most participants had DLS that equaled or exceeded cognitive abilities.CONCLUSIONSThese results challenge the notion that autism is usually associated with weaknesses in DLS compared to IQ. At the subdomain level, 80% of participants had DLS commensurate with or stronger than their cognitive abilities, indicating domain-level scores may obscure important variability in daily functioning. This work highlights the importance of including autistic individuals with ID in research; patterns observed in samples without ID may not be generalizable.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unequal educational outcomes for children with similar early childhood vocabulary but different socioeconomic circumstances.","authors":"Emma Thornton,Danielle Matthews,Praveetha Patalay,Colin Bannard","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70117","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIn a purely meritocratic society, educational outcomes would reflect ability and only ability. Vocabulary size is a common measure of cognitive ability that predicts educational outcomes but is confounded with socioeconomic circumstances (SEC).METHODSIn preregistered analyses of the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort Study data (N = 15,576), we used a series of multiple linear and logistic regression analyses to investigate the predictive value of age-5 vocabulary for age-16 educational outcomes and assess whether socioeconomic circumstance moderated this relation.RESULTSWe show that age-5 vocabulary strongly predicted age-16 educational attainment, even after adjusting for both SEC and caregiver vocabulary (OR = 1.62, 95% CIs = [1.52; 1.72]; β = .22, 95% CIs = [0.19; 0.24]). SEC also predicts educational attainment (OR = 2.05, 95% CIs = [1.92; 2.19]), and modifies the association between vocabulary and educational attainment, whereby a larger vocabulary was most advantageous for those in middle SEC groups (interaction term OR = 1.09 [1.03; 1.15]).CONCLUSIONSEarly child vocabulary is a strong predictor of children's educational outcomes - even when controlling for proxy measures of the home environment and genetics. Nonetheless, children who enter school with strong vocabulary skills but disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances still have only about a 50/50 chance of gaining gateway qualifications at age 16.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving child mental health and learning outcomes and reducing stigma and discrimination in conflict setting: findings from a cluster randomized controlled trial of a classroom-based psychosocial intervention in rural primary schools in Afghanistan.","authors":"Jean-Francois Trani,Yiqi Zhu,Saria Bechara,Shuya Yin,Parul Bakhshi,Ian Kaplan,Ramkrishna K Singh,Mohammed A Modaber,Hashim Rawab,Madelyn Yoo,Kim Thuy Seelinger,Ganesh G Babulal,Ramesh Raghavan","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70125","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDConflict and crises have long-lasting and dramatic consequences on the mental health of children. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention on child mental health in Afghanistan.METHODSA two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 83 rural primary schools within three provinces of Afghanistan. Children in Grades 3-6, their teachers, and one adult family member were enrolled. Schools were randomly assigned (1:1) to one of two groups: a treatment group composed of entire classes receiving a week-long classroom-based teacher-and-child psychosocial training, a one-day family engagement component, and a community-based system dynamics workshop; and a control group. Primary outcomes were anxiety, depression, life skills, self-efficacy, and resilience of the child. Secondary outcomes included reading and mathematical literacy, mathematical problem-solving, and school-based discrimination and stigma. This trial is registered with the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials Number registry (ISRCTN83632872).RESULTSIn June 2021, 40 schools and n = 2,262 children were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 43 schools and n = 2,277 children to the control group. Preintervention survey started October 2, 2021 (first batch) and April 10th, 2023 (second batch). After a minimum of 4-month intervention, a postintervention survey took place. No treatment effects were found on anxiety, depression, resilience, self-efficacy, life skills, or stigma. Effects were found for academic outcomes and school-based discrimination. Shorter interventions displayed reductions in depression, anxiety, stigma, and discrimination, and an increase in life skills. Additional analyses showed significant effects on several outcomes for boys, on a few outcomes for girls, and in areas where the governmental did not disrupt the process.CONCLUSIONSClassroom-based interventions delivered by trained field-based educational staff can effectively promote child mental health, social-emotional skills, and academic outcomes, and reduce stigma and discrimination among subgroups of children in conflict and crisis settings and have viable potential for scalability.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between school holidays and trends in adolescent ambulance attendances for suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious Behaviours.","authors":"Ryan Baldwin,Bosco Rowland,Glenn Melvin,Ziad Nehme,Dan I Lubman,Rowan P Ogeil","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70108","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPrevious research on the protective effects of school holidays on adolescent suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has relied on hospital records which underestimate self-harm prevalence and has not been explored in the post pandemic environment. This study utilised ambulance attendance data to explore whether protective effects of school holidays on suicidal and NSSI behaviours were present pre- and post-COVID-19 restrictions.METHODSUsing data from the National Ambulance Surveillance System, weekly ambulance attendances for suicidal and NSSI behaviours among adolescents (12-17) and young adults (18-25) in Victoria, Australia, were analysed. Trends in rates per 10,000 population pre- (2015-2019) and post-COVID-19 restrictions (2022-2023) were modelled using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables, stratified by age and gender.RESULTSThere were 20,635 suicidal and NSSI related ambulance attendances among adolescents and 36,510 among young adults. Pre-COVID-19 there was a significant decline in weekly rate of attendances per 10,000 population for adolescent females during the December/January (-0.35, p < .001), June/July (-0.46, p = .007) and September/October (-0.41, p = .004) holidays. Similar declines were seen in adolescent males during the December/January (-0.12, p = .003), April/May (-0.22, p = .001), June/July (-0.26, p = .003) and September/October (-0.15, p = .027) holidays. No significant effects were observed for young adults or post-pandemic.CONCLUSIONSSeasonal trends in adolescent suicidal and NSSI harms were evident prior to COVID-19, but were no longer present post-pandemic. Understanding these changes is crucial for informing targeted mental health interventions and support for adolescents.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness patterns across time and subsequent risk of psychotic experiences, depression, anxiety, and diminished well-being in adolescents.","authors":"Zui C Narita,Jordan DeVylder,Gemma Knowles,Syudo Yamasaki,Mitsuhiro Miyashita,Daniel Stanyon,Satoshi Yamaguchi,Tomohiro Shinozaki,Ryo Sasaki,Rui Zhou,Shuntaro Ando,Craig Morgan,Paola Dazzan,Toshiaki A Furukawa,Kiyoto Kasai,Ian Kelleher,Atsushi Nishida","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70114","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDEvidence on the association between loneliness and psychotic experiences in adolescents remains limited. Moreover, loneliness has typically been assessed at a single time point, which fails to capture its dynamic nature. We hypothesized that persistent loneliness, assessed across repeated measures, would be associated with psychotic experiences and other mental health problems.METHODSUsing longitudinal data from 3,171 participants in the Tokyo Teen Cohort, we applied the g-formula. We analyzed how loneliness patterns at ages 12 and 14 were associated with psychotic experiences, depression, anxiety, and diminished well-being at age 16, accounting for time-fixed and time-varying confounders. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation by chained equations.RESULTSPersistent loneliness was associated with increased risk and greater severity of psychotic experiences (RD 7.1%, 95% CI: 0.8-14.3; RR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.16-4.11; β 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10-0.48). Incident loneliness at age 14 showed similar associations. No association was found for adolescents whose loneliness had remitted by age 14 (RD -1.3%, 95% CI: -3.6 to 1.2; RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.31-1.26; β 0.01, 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.08). Sensitivity analyses using marginal structural models yielded results that were largely unchanged. Findings were generally similar for other mental health problems. Associations were consistent across genders, although the association with well-being appeared particularly important for girls.CONCLUSIONSThe dynamics of loneliness are associated with a wide range of mental health problems in adolescents. The risk may not be permanent and could be mitigated if loneliness remits. Further research examining interventions that target loneliness is warranted.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye movements, not reaction times, reveal anticipatory attentional bias in childhood social anxiety disorder.","authors":"Nadine Vietmeier, Nik Dietze, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Julia Asbrand","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by attentional biases that may contribute to its persistence. While adult models emphasize self-focused and hypervigilant attention, there is limited understanding of how these processes operate in children. This study examined internal and external attentional biases in children with SAD during anticipation of a social stress task-a period when anxiety is typically elevated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two children with a primary SAD diagnosis and 46 healthy controls (HC), aged 9-14 years, completed a reaction time (RT) task with internal (bodily) and external (visual) probes during anticipation of a speech task, while facing a peer video audience. RTs to probes and eye movements toward audience faces were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RTs did not differ between groups. Exploratory analyses revealed that age correlated negatively with RTs in both groups, suggesting developmental effects on processing speed, although no group differences in this relationship were found. Eye-tracking revealed that children with SAD exhibited more frequent and longer fixations on audience faces during the initial phase of the task compared to HCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although RT tasks alone may not detect attentional biases in children with SAD, eye-tracking indicated heightened attention to socially salient cues during anticipation. These findings highlight the importance of multimodal assessment to capture subtle hypervigilance in pediatric SAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating placebo responses to intranasal oxytocin in autism: findings from the placebo lead-in phase of a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Kelsie A Boulton,Rinku Thapa,Yun Ju Song,Andrew J O Whitehouse,Marilena M DeMayo,Simon G Gregory,Izabella Pokorski,Joanna Granich,Zahava Ambarchi,John Wray,Emma E Thomas,Ian B Hickie,Adam J Guastella","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70116","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe placebo effect is established in clinical trials, but for paediatric research, questions remain about how to best manage its influence. Within the autism field, data on these issues is sparse. This is particularly important in the oxytocin field where placebo responses are thought to play an important role. This study reports on data from the single-blind, placebo lead-in phase of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the placebo response and its relationship to treatment response in autistic children.METHODSEighty-seven autistic children aged 3-12 years (M = 7.27; SD = 2.69; 85.1% male) were consecutively recruited into a multi-site RCT evaluating the efficacy of oxytocin for improving social responsiveness. Participants underwent a 3-week, single-blind placebo lead-in before randomisation into a 12-week double-blind treatment phase (oxytocin, n = 45; placebo, n = 42). The Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd Edition (SRS-2) Total Raw Score was used to measure change from baseline to post-placebo lead-in. A ≥10-point improvement defined placebo responders.RESULTSNearly half the sample (n = 42, 48.3%) were identified as placebo responders during the lead-in phase, showing a clinically significant degree of change on the SRS-2. Caregiver treatment guess did not significantly impact the placebo response (p = .534). Placebo response was associated with greater symptom severity (r's > -.23; p-values < .037) and higher cognitive ability (r = -.35, p = .004). Smaller placebo responses during the lead-in phase were associated with larger responses during active treatment in participants receiving oxytocin (r = -.36, p = .017). Placebo responses during the lead-in phase were observed across all caregiver-reported measures (Cohen's d = .19-.65).CONCLUSIONSThis study provides important information about placebo effects and placebo lead-in designs for clinical trials in the autism field. We show widespread clinically significant improvement during placebo lead-in, utility of identifying placebo responders for informing clinical trial analyses, similarities in symptom measure effect sizes for placebo effects, and a lack of influence of caregiver beliefs on placebo responses.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conduct disorder with limited prosocial emotions: a multimethod study in criminal justice-involved boys.","authors":"Olivier F Colins,Thomas Cassart,Emmely Delamillieure,Kostas A Fanti,Melina Nicole Kyranides,Maria Sikki,Maria Petridou,Paul H F Meens","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70118","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMore than 10 years after its introduction in DSM-5, support for the 'limited prosocial emotions' specifier (LPE) for the diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) remains scarce, possibly because studies failed to comprehensively assess the specifier and to include important characteristics. This study was designed to tackle both major limitations.METHODSIn a sample of 323 criminal justice-involved male adolescents (ages 16-17 years), diagnostic interviews were used to differentiate between males who meet criteria for both CD and the DSM-5 specifier (CD + LPE) and males who only meet criteria for CD (CD Only). Individual and environmental characteristics were measured by means of questionnaires and computerized tasks.RESULTSThe CD + LPE (vs. CD Only) group exhibited higher levels of aggression, delay discounting, and boldness, was more likely to be expelled from school, and had significantly more delinquent friends. Levels of treatment engagement and empathy also were lower in the CD + LPE group. The DSM-5 LPE specifier significantly added to the prediction of various of these characteristics beyond indices of CD severity (i.e., total number of CD symptoms and childhood-onset CD) and features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, no significant group differences emerged for other characteristics (e.g., emotion recognition accuracy, anxiety, sensation seeking, response inhibition, and warm parenting).CONCLUSIONSFindings provide important and novel evidence to support the utility of the DSM-5 LPE specifier for CD. Some findings were unexpected, though, underscoring the need to replicate and extend the current results when testing the viability of this specifier.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive affect as a developmental mediator of early adversity and internalizing psychopathology","authors":"Jamie L. Hanson, Dorthea J. Adkins, Isabella Kahhale, Sriparna Sen","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70104","url":null,"abstract":"Background Early life adversities (ELAs) including experiences such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction are strongly linked to psychopathology; yet, the developmental pathways connecting ELA to externalizing and internalizing psychopathology remain unclear. While most research has focused on threat and negative affect, positive emotions may represent a critical but understudied mechanism linking ELA to mental health outcomes. Methods Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we examined positive affect trajectories across six timepoints spanning childhood through adolescence (ages 9–10 to 12–13). We employed person‐centered trajectory‐based clustering to identify distinct patterns in positive affect – independent of ELA exposure – followed by multinomial logistic regression to examine associations between cumulative ELA exposure and trajectory membership. Mediation analyses tested whether positive affect trajectories explained links between ELA and psychopathology outcomes. Results Four distinct positive affect trajectories emerged: High‐Stable, Declining, Persistently Low, and Volatile ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 7,457). Higher ELA scores significantly predicted membership in all non‐high‐stable trajectories, with the strongest association existing for the Persistently Low group (β = .321, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .001). Mediation analyses revealed that Persistently Low trajectory group membership significantly mediated the relationship between ELA and internalizing problems (indirect effect = 0.030, 95% CI [0.012, 0.056], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .007), but not externalizing problems ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 3,927). Conclusions This study demonstrates that ELA shapes positive affect development through distinct, heterogeneous pathways rather than uniform effects, with persistently low positive affect representing a specific mechanism linking early adversity to later depression and anxiety. Findings suggest that targeting positive emotional experiences may be a promising intervention strategy for youth exposed to ELA.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: A nationwide population-based cohort study.","authors":"Tak Kyu Oh,In-Ae Song","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70120","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPrenatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been implicated in adverse neurodevelopment, but evidence from large-scale, long-term studies in Asian populations remains limited. We examined the association between in utero exposure to multiple air pollutants and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in offspring using a nationwide cohort in South Korea.METHODSWe conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using linked administrative health and environmental data. A total of 1,436,685 children born between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014, were identified from the National Health Insurance Service database and followed up through December 31, 2023. Maternal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10) was estimated by linking residential postal codes to fixed-site monitoring data. NDD diagnoses were identified from healthcare claims. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for maternal sociodemographic, medical, obstetric, and neonatal covariates.RESULTSDuring up to 13 years of follow-up, 140,971 children (9.8%) were diagnosed with an NDD. Prenatal exposure to NO2 showed the strongest association: each 0.01-ppm increase was associated with an 18% higher hazard of NDD (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.17-1.19; p < .001). SO2 exposure also demonstrated a small but statistically significant association (per 0.001-ppm increase: aHR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02; p = .008). These associations persisted across major NDD subtypes - including intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and behavioral or emotional disorders - and remained robust in trimester-specific, stratified, and sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSIONSPrenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants - particularly NO2 and SO2 - is associated with increased long-term risk of NDD in offspring. These findings highlight the neurodevelopmental vulnerability of the prenatal period and underscore the need for strengthened environmental policies to reduce maternal exposure to harmful pollutants.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}