Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Toward a consensus on dyslexia: findings from a Delphi study.","authors":"Julia M Carroll, Caroline Holden, Philip Kirby, Paul A Thompson, Margaret J Snowling","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyslexia is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. There have been many definitions over the past century, and debate continues as to how dyslexia should be defined. This debate contributes to confusion and misinformation. We move beyond the debate by establishing areas of consensus among a wide range of experts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a Delphi study with a panel of dyslexia experts, including academics, specialist teachers, educational psychologists, and individuals with dyslexia, asking them for their views on a set of key statements about dyslexia. We carried out two survey rounds, in each case accepting statements with greater than 80% consensus and reviewing and revising other statements using feedback from the expert panel. This was followed by discussion with a subset of the panel around a few statements with marginal consensus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-two statements were ultimately accepted. In the current paper we review those statements that pertain to a definition of dyslexia, demonstrate how they align with the research literature, and build on previous definitions of dyslexia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was considerable consensus in our expert panel that dyslexia is a difficulty in reading and spelling, associated with multiple factors, and that it frequently co-occurs with other developmental disorders. It was agreed that difficulties in reading fluency and spelling are key markers of dyslexia across different ages and languages. We conclude with a proposed new definition of dyslexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A commentary on Zuniga-Montanez and Davies et al.: how did COVID-19 affect young children's language environment and language development? A scoping review","authors":"Hamish Chalmers","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14132","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It was early 2020, a week or two into Hilary Term, what everyone else calls Spring Term, but we at Oxford love our arcane traditions. I recall one of my graduate students, from China, coming to me ashen-faced at the end one of my lectures on the effects of bilingualism on the linguistic and cognitive development of young learners. “Please be careful,” she said. “Have you heard about the disease. It's really scary. Please look after your family.” Over the preceding Christmas break, news had started to filter through about a new form of flu that had spread rapidly from Wuhan in Eastern China to other parts of the country and was now starting to emerge in other parts of the world. We were starting to see desperate images of enforced quarantine, coerced separation of infected individuals from their loved ones, the rapid construction of temporary hospitals to house the unwell, and of course, school closures. It didn't look good. But I had seen similar outbreaks in the past. I had been working in Southeast Asia during the avian flu epidemic of 2003–04, and I was still there when swine flu broke out in 2009. Both were worrying, but neither had come to anything that could be classified as universally threatening. The school where I worked sent colleagues and children to be tested at the first sign of a tickly throat or stuffy nose, and a strict and regular cleaning and hand sanitising regime was implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"66 4","pages":"602-605"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting child and adolescent mental health in an uncertain future: commentary on Jaffee and colleagues' Annual Research Review – ‘Cash transfer programs and young people's mental health: a review of studies in the United States’","authors":"Lucie Cluver","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Jaffee and colleagues present a masterful review of the evidence for the impacts of cash transfer programmes on child and adolescent mental health in the United States. While global meta-analyses find evidence of effectiveness, Jaffee and colleagues highlight the limited number of studies in Northern America, but find overall results indicating small but meaningful effect sizes on improving emotional and behavioural health, and greatest impacts for the poorest families.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"66 4","pages":"599-601"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A commentary on Kim et al.'s (2025) mapping the multifaceted approaches and impacts of adverse childhood experiences: an umbrella review of meta-analyses for Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry's Annual Research Review","authors":"Todd I. Herrenkohl","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14136","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) has progresses at a rapid pace over the last 30 years and publications now span many fields and disciplines. With a literature this vast, it is important to stake stock of what is known and where gaps in knowledge remain by reviewing and synthesizing published findings. In this commentary, I center remarks on a well-designed umbrella review conducted by Kim et al. on the impact of ACEs. Their review adds depth and precision to earlier reviews on this topic and draws attention to areas where further research is needed, including mechanisms underlying the transmission of risk and the onset of health-related outcomes associated with ACE exposure. I conclude the commentary by echoing a call by Kim and colleagues for more investment in public health prevention to reduce ACE exposure, lessen trauma symptoms, and reduce costs to society.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"66 4","pages":"606-608"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of early‐onset bipolar using electronic health records","authors":"Bo Wang, Yi‐Han Sheu, Hyunjoon Lee, Robert G. Mealer, Victor M. Castro, Jordan W. Smoller","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14131","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundEarly identification of bipolar disorder (BD) provides an important opportunity for timely intervention. In this study, we aimed to develop machine learning models using large‐scale electronic health record (EHR) data including clinical notes for predicting early‐onset BD.MethodsStructured and unstructured data were extracted from the longitudinal EHR of the Mass General Brigham health system. We defined three cohorts aged 10–25 years: (1) the full youth cohort (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 300,398); (2) a subcohort defined by having a mental health visit (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 105,461); and (3) a subcohort defined by having a diagnosis of mood disorder or ADHD (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 35,213). By adopting a prospective landmark modeling approach that aligns with clinical practice, we developed and validated a range of machine learning models, across different cohorts and prediction windows.ResultsWe found the two tree‐based models, random forests (RF) and light gradient‐boosting machine (LGBM), achieving good discriminative performance across different clinical settings (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.76–0.88 for RF and 0.74–0.89 for LGBM). In addition, we showed comparable performance can be achieved with a greatly reduced set of features, demonstrating computational efficiency can be attained without significant compromise of model accuracy.ConclusionsGood discriminative performance for models predicting early‐onset BD can be achieved utilizing large‐scale EHR data. Our study offers a scalable and accurate method for identifying youth at risk for BD that could help inform clinical decision‐making and facilitate early intervention. Future work includes evaluating the portability of our approach to other healthcare systems and exploring considerations regarding possible implementation.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Research Review: What processes are dysregulated among emotionally dysregulated youth? – a systematic review","authors":"Joseph C. Blader,&nbsp;Amy S. Garrett,&nbsp;Steven R. Pliszka","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14126","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proliferation of the term “emotion dysregulation” in child psychopathology parallels the growing interest in processes that influence negative emotional reactivity. While it commonly refers to a clinical phenotype where intense anger leads to behavioral dyscontrol, the term implies etiology because anything that is dysregulated requires an impaired regulatory mechanism. Many cognitive, affective, behavioral, neural, and social processes have been studied to improve understanding of emotion dysregulation. Nevertheless, the defective regulatory mechanism that might underlie it remains unclear. This systematic review of research on processes that affect emotion dysregulation endeavors to develop an integrative framework for the wide variety of factors investigated. It seeks to ascertain which, if any, constitutes an impaired regulatory mechanism. Based on this review, we propose a framework organizing emotion-relevant processes into categories pertaining to stimulus processing, response selection and control, emotion generation, closed- or open-loop feedback-based regulation, and experiential influences. Our review finds scant evidence for closed-loop (automatic) mechanisms to downregulate anger arousal rapidly. Open-loop (deliberate) regulatory strategies seem effective for low-to-moderate arousal. More extensive evidence supports roles for aspects of stimulus processing (sensory sensitivity, salience, appraisal, threat processing, and reward expectancy). Response control functions, such as inhibitory control, show robust associations with emotion dysregulation. Processes relating to emotion generation highlight aberrant features in autonomic, endocrine, reward functioning, and tonic mood states. A large literature on adverse childhood experiences and family interactions shows the unique and joint effects of interpersonal with child-level risks. We conclude that the defective closed-loop regulatory mechanisms that emotion dysregulation implies require further specification. Integrating research on emotion-relevant mechanisms along an axis from input factors through emotion generation to corrective feedback may promote research on (a) heterogeneity in pathogenesis, (b) interrelationships between these factors, and (c) the derivation of better-targeted treatments that address specific pathogenic processes of affected youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"66 4","pages":"516-546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal sleep disturbance during pregnancy and child intelligence quotient: A metabolome-wide association study in the Shanghai Birth Cohort.","authors":"Yun Huang, Fei Luo, Guanghai Wang, Ting Zhang, Lin Zhang, Lichun Fan, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of maternal sleep disturbances during pregnancy on long-term neurodevelopment and the role of metabolites in this process are not well understood. In a prospective cohort study, we aimed to investigate the associations between maternal sleep disturbances during each trimester and child intelligence quotient (IQ) at the age of 4 years and to identify metabolites that might mediate these relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1,870 mother-child pairs from the Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC). Maternal sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire in the first and second trimesters, and a simplified version of the PSQI was used in the third trimester. Child IQ was evaluated at age 4 using the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV). We conducted untargeted analyses of maternal serum metabolomics in the first trimester in 1,461 subjects. We employed multiple linear regression models to examine the associations between maternal sleep disturbances during each trimester and child IQ. Additionally, we utilized longitudinal latent class analysis (LLCA) to identify patterns of sleep quality changes throughout the three trimesters and employed multiple linear regression models to investigate how these sleep patterns across the entire pregnancy were associated with child IQ. We applied a 'meet-in-the-middle' approach to identify potential metabolites linking maternal sleep disturbances during early pregnancy with child IQ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longer sleep latency was associated with lower child Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) and verbal comprehension index (VCI) for the first trimester, while lower child fluid reasoning index (FRI) for the second trimester. Longer sleep latency throughout the pregnancy was associated with decreased FSIQ (β = -4.68; 95% CI: -8.32, -1.03), VCI (β = -6.38; 95% CI: -10.39, -2.37), and FRI (β = -4.29; 95% CI: -7.96, -0.63). We found that inositol, indoleacrylic acid, and 4-hydroxyquinoline emerged as potential biomarkers that play an intermediary role in the association between maternal sleep disturbances and child IQ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep disturbance during pregnancy may be a risk factor for compromised IQ in preschool-aged offspring. Alterations in inositol and tryptophan metabolism might be the mediator for the link between maternal sleep disturbances and child IQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media component effects: a commentary on Maheux et al. (2024)","authors":"Michaeline Jensen","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14133","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maheux et al.s' annual review (2024) summarizes a rapidly evolving literature on the specific components (including content, features and functions) of social media that can help or hinder healthy adolescent development, highlighting how proposed effects of social media components appear to matter more for some adolescents than others. This commentary explores how conclusions of Maheux et al. (2024) can help shape future translational research on <i>what</i> components of social media may facilitate or undermine healthy adolescent development and <i>who</i> is most susceptible to these social media component effects. Future research must also address <i>when</i> and <i>where</i> social media components matter most, situating our understanding within temporal and physical context. Finally, the promise of future research is highlighted on <i>why</i> youth engage with social media components (motivations) and <i>how</i> specific components of social media exert their effects (mechanisms).</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"66 4","pages":"592-594"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG frontal alpha asymmetry mediates the association between maternal and child internalizing symptoms in childhood","authors":"Dashiell D. Sacks, Yiyi Wang, Asja Abron, Kaitlin M. Mulligan, Caroline M. Kelsey, Wanze Xie, Charles A. Nelson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14129","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAnxiety and depression are highly prevalent in youth and can cause significant distress and functional impairment. The presence of maternal anxiety and depression are well‐established risk factors for child internalizing psychopathology, yet the responsible mechanisms linking the two remain unclear.MethodsWe examined the potential mediating and moderating roles of EEG frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) in the intergenerational transmission of internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 323 mother–child dyads. Self‐report maternal internalizing symptoms were evaluated at child age 3 years and 5 years, child EEG at 5 years, and parent‐report child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years. Mediation was evaluated via bootstrapped (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 5,000) confidence intervals.ResultsWe found significant associations among maternal internalizing (anxiety, depressive) symptoms when their children were ages 3 and 5 years, child FAA at age 5 years, and child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years. There was a significant mediation effect, whereby greater maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 3 years were significantly associated with FAA (greater relative right cortical activation) in children at age 5 years, which, in turn, was significantly associated with greater child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years (<jats:italic>ps</jats:italic> &lt; .001). There was no moderating effect of FAA on the association between maternal internalizing symptoms at age 5 years and child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years.ConclusionsGreater right frontal asymmetry may be a neurophysiological mechanism that mediates the intergenerational transmission of internalizing symptoms.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Parenting as an influence on the course of neurodevelopmental conditions – still a taboo topic?","authors":"Kristina Moll,&nbsp;Saloni Krishnan","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the debate surrounding controversial theories, such as the refrigerator mother theory, the influence of parenting on the course of neurodevelopmental conditions has been a taboo topic for many years. However, recent research analyzing the complex interplay between genetics and the environment has introduced new approaches to examining the role of parenting. Several articles in this issue examine the new directions in the field of parenting and parent–child interactions. A key shift in perspective is the recognition that the relationship between parenting and child development is not unidirectional. Instead, the child's characteristics may also influence parental responses (evocative gene–environment), which in turn can shape the child's developmental trajectory. Moreover, parent–child interactions are not restricted to mother–child dyads, but also involve fathers and triadic interactions between both parents and the child. Experiences within these interactions are likely to transfer to other contexts, contributing to the child's language and social development. A better understanding of the time course and the mechanisms underlying parent–child interactions will enhance the design of interventions targeting parenting behavior. Although caregiver-mediated interventions have proven effective, they must take caregivers' skills into account and may need to incorporate alternative support systems beyond primary caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"66 3","pages":"275-278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}